Andrey Melytonovich Balanchivadze (Andrey Balanchivadze) |

Andrey Balanchivadze

Ayyukan A. Balanchivadze, fitaccen mawaki na Jojiya, ya zama shafi mai haske a cikin ci gaban al'adun kiɗa na ƙasa. Tare da sunansa, yawancin kiɗan ƙwararrun Georgian sun bayyana a karon farko. Wannan ya shafi irin nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan ballet, wasan kwaikwayo na piano, "a cikin aikinsa, tunanin jin daɗin Jojiya a karon farko ya bayyana a cikin irin wannan cikakkiyar nau'i, tare da sauƙi na gargajiya" (O. Taktakishvili). A. Balanchivadze ya haifar da dukan galaxy na mawaƙa na jamhuriyar, a cikin ɗalibansa R. Lagidze, O. Tevdoradze, A. Shaverzashvili, Sh. Milorava, A. Chimakadze, B. Kvernadze, M. Davitashvili, N. Mamisashvili da sauransu.

Balanchivadze an haife shi a St. Petersburg. “Mahaifina, Meliton Antonovich Balanchivadze, ƙwararren mawaki ne… Na fara yin waƙa tun ina ɗan shekara takwas. Duk da haka, ya gaske, da gaske ya ɗauki kiɗa a cikin 1918, bayan ya koma Jojiya. A 1918, Balanchivadze shiga Kutaisi Musical College, wanda aka kafa ta mahaifinsa. A cikin 1921-26. karatu a Tiflis Conservatory a cikin aji na abun da ke ciki tare da N. Cherepnin, S. Barkhudaryan, M. Ippolitov-Ivanov, ya gwada hannunsa wajen rubuta ƙananan kayan aiki. A cikin shekarun nan, Balanchivadze ya yi aiki a matsayin mai zanen kiɗa don wasan kwaikwayo na Proletcult Theatre na Jojiya, Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Satire, Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Ma'aikata na Tbilisi, da sauransu.

A cikin 1927, a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar mawaƙa Balanchivadze ya aika da Hukumar Ilimi ta Jama'ar Georgia don yin karatu a Leningrad Conservatory, inda ya yi karatu har zuwa 1931. A nan A. Zhitomirsky, V. Shcherbachev, M. Yudina ya zama malamansa. . Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Leningrad Conservatory Balanchivadze ya koma Tbilisi, inda ya samu gayyata daga Kote Marjanishvili don yin aiki a gidan wasan kwaikwayo da ya jagoranta. A wannan lokacin Balanchivadze kuma ya rubuta kiɗa don fina-finan sauti na Georgian na farko.

Balanchivadze ya shiga fasahar Soviet a cikin shekarun 20s da 30s. tare da dukan galaxy na Georgian composers, daga cikinsu akwai Gr. Kiladze, Sh. Mshvelidze, I. Tuskia, Sh. Azmaiparashvili. Wani sabon ƙarni na mawaƙa na ƙasa waɗanda suka ɗauka kuma suka ci gaba da ci gaba ta hanyar nasu nasarorin tsoffin mawaƙa - waɗanda suka kafa kiɗan ƙwararrun ƙasa: Z. Paliashvili, V. Dolidze, M. Balanchivadze, D. Arakishvili. Ba kamar waɗanda suka gabace su ba, waɗanda suka fi yin aiki a fagen wasan opera, waƙoƙin kida da kaɗe-kaɗe da kaɗe-kaɗe, matasan mawaƙan Jojiya sun fi mayar da hankali ga kiɗan kayan aiki, kuma waƙar Jojiya ta haɓaka ta wannan hanyar a cikin shekaru biyu zuwa uku masu zuwa.

A cikin 1936, Balanchivadze ya rubuta aikinsa na farko - na farko na Piano Concerto, wanda ya zama misali na farko na wannan nau'in a cikin fasahar kiɗa na kasa. Kyakkyawan jigo na wasan kwaikwayon yana da alaƙa da tarihin al'adun gargajiya na ƙasa: yana kunshe da ƙwaƙƙwaran waƙoƙin macizai masu tsananin gaske, kaɗe-kaɗe na raye-raye masu kyau, da waƙoƙin kade-kade. A cikin wannan abun da ke ciki, yawancin fasalulluka waɗanda ke da halayen salon Balanchivadze a nan gaba an riga an ji su: hanyar bambance-bambancen na ci gaba, kusancin jigogi na jarumtaka tare da takamaiman waƙoƙin jama'a na musamman, kyawun ɓangaren piano, mai tunawa da pianism F. Liszt. Jarumin jarumtaka da ke cikin wannan aikin, mawaƙin zai shigar da sabuwar hanya a cikin Concerto na Biyu na Piano (1946).

Wani muhimmin al'amari a cikin rayuwar kida na jamhuriya shine wasan ballet na jarumtaka mai taken "Zuciyar Duwatsu" (bugu na farko 1, bugu na 1936 2). Makircin ya dogara ne akan ƙaunar matashin mafarauci Dzhardzhi ga 'yar Yarima Manizhe da kuma abubuwan da suka faru na gwagwarmayar manoma da zalunci a cikin karni na 1938. Filayen soyayya masu ban sha'awa da ban sha'awa, masu cike da fara'a da wakoki, an haɗe su anan tare da al'adu, nau'in-na gida. Sinadarin rawa na jama'a, hade da na gargajiya choreography, ya zama tushen da dramaturgy da kuma m harshen na ballet. Balanchivadze yana amfani da perkhuli dance zagaye, mai kuzari sachidao (rawar da aka yi a lokacin gwagwarmayar ƙasa), mtiuluri mtiuluri, fara'a tseruli, jarumtaka horumi, da dai sauransu Shostakovich ya yaba da wasan ƙwallon ƙafa: “… babu ƙarami a cikin wannan kiɗan, komai yana da zurfi sosai… daraja da daukaka, da yawa tsanani pathos zuwa daga tsanani waƙa. Aikin mawaƙin na ƙarshe kafin yaƙi shine wasan opera mai ban dariya Mziya, wanda aka yi a cikin 1959. Ya dogara ne akan wani shiri daga rayuwar yau da kullun na ƙauyen gurguzu a Georgia.

A cikin 1944, Balanchivadze ya rubuta waƙarsa ta farko da ta farko a cikin kiɗan Jojiya, wanda aka sadaukar don abubuwan da suka faru na zamani. “Na rubuta waƙar waƙa ta farko a cikin munanan shekarun yaƙi… A shekara ta 1943, lokacin tashin bom, ƙanwata ta mutu. Ina so in yi la'akari da abubuwa da yawa a cikin wannan wasan kwaikwayo: ba kawai bakin ciki da baƙin ciki ga matattu ba, har ma da bangaskiya ga nasara, ƙarfin hali, jaruntakar mutanenmu.

A cikin shekaru bayan yakin, tare da mawaƙa L. Lavrovsky, mawaki ya yi aiki a kan ballet Ruby Stars, mafi yawan abin da daga baya ya zama wani ɓangare na ballet Pages of Life (1961).

Wani muhimmin ci gaba a cikin aikin Balanchivadze shine Concerto na Uku don Piano and String Orchestra (1952), sadaukarwa ga matasa. Abun da ke ciki na tsari ne a yanayi, yana cike da waƙoƙin waƙoƙin maƙiya na kidan majagaba. "A cikin Concerto na Uku don Piano and String Orchestra, Balanchivadze yaro ne mai butulci, mai fara'a, mai ban sha'awa," in ji N. Mamisashvili. An haɗa wannan wasan kwaikwayo a cikin repertoire na shahararrun 'yan wasan pian na Soviet - L. Oborin, A. Ioheles. The Hudu Piano Concerto (1968) ya ƙunshi sassa 6, a cikin abin da mawaki ya nemi kama da halayyar fasali na daban-daban yankuna na Georgia - su yanayi, al'adu, rayuwa: 1 hour - "Jvari" (sanannen haikalin na 2th karni a Kartli), 3 hours - "Tetnuld" (tsaunin dutse a Svaneti), 4 hours - "Salamuri" (nau'in sarewa na kasa), 5 hours - "Dila" (Safiya, ana amfani da waƙoƙin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin Gurian a nan), 6 hours - "Rion Forest" (ya zana kyawawan yanayi na Imeretin), 2 hours - "Tskhratskaro" (Tara kafofin). A cikin sigar asali, sake zagayowar ya ƙunshi ƙarin nau'ikan XNUMX - "Vine" da "Chanchkeri" ("Waterfall").

Wasan kide-kide na piano na hudu ya kasance gabanin wasan ballet Mtsyri (1964, bisa wakar M. Lermontov). A cikin wannan waƙar ballet, wanda ke da numfashi na gaske, duk hankalin mawallafin ya mayar da hankali kan hoton jarumin, wanda ya ba da abun da ke ciki siffofi na monodrama. Yana tare da siffar Mtsyra 3 leitmotifs suna hade, wanda shine tushen abubuwan wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗa na abun da ke ciki. A. Shaverzashvili ya rubuta cewa "Ra'ayin rubuta ballet bisa makircin Lermontov Balanchivadze ne ya haife shi tuntuni." “Tun da farko, ya zauna akan Aljani. Koyaya, wannan shirin ya kasance bai cika ba. A ƙarshe, zaɓin ya faɗi akan “Mtsyri”…”

“Binciken Balanchivadze ya sami sauƙaƙa ta hanyar isowar Tarayyar Soviet na ɗan’uwansa George Balanchine, wanda babban fasahar choreographic ɗinsa ya buɗe sabbin damammaki a cikin ci gaban wasan ƙwallon ƙafa… bincike. Wannan ne ya tabbatar da makomar sabon ballet dinsa.”

70-80s alama ta musamman m aiki na Balanchivadze. Ya halitta na uku (1978), na hudu ("Forest", 1980) da kuma na biyar ("Youth", 1989); Waƙar murya-symphonic "Obelisks" (1985); wasan opera-ballet "Ganga" (1986); Piano Trio, Concerto na biyar (duka 1979) da Quintet (1980); Quartet (1983) da sauran kayan aikin kayan aiki.

"Andrey Balanchivadze na ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka ƙirƙira waɗanda suka bar alamar da ba za a taɓa mantawa da su ba kan haɓaka al'adun kiɗan ƙasa. …A cikin lokaci, sabbin hazaka suna buɗewa a gaban kowane mai fasaha, abubuwa da yawa a rayuwa suna canzawa. Amma jin daɗin godiya mai girma, girmamawa na gaske ga Andrei Melitonovich Balanchivadze, ɗan ƙasa mai ka'ida kuma babban mahalicci, ya kasance tare da mu har abada "(O. Taktakishvili).

N. Aleksenko