Muzio Clementi (Muzio Clementi) |

Muzio Clementi

Clements Sonatina a cikin C major, Op. 36 Na 1 Andante

Muzio Clementi - mawaki na ɗari da sittin sonatas, da yawa gabobin da piano guda, da dama symphonies da kuma shahararriyar karatu "Gradus ad Parnassum", an haife shi a Roma a 1752, a cikin iyali na kayan ado, wani m lover na music, wanda. bai bar komai ba don bai wa ɗansa ingantaccen ilimin kiɗan . Shekaru shida, Muzio ya riga ya rera waƙa daga bayanin kula, kuma basirar ɗan yaron ya taimaka wa malamansa - organist Cardicelli, mai ba da shawara Cartini da mawaƙa Santorelli, don shirya yaro mai shekaru tara don gwajin gwagwarmaya don wurin wani kwayoyin halitta. Lokacin da yake da shekaru 14, Clementi ya yi tafiya zuwa Ingila tare da majiɓincinsa, Baturen Bedford. Sakamakon wannan tafiya ya kasance gayyata ga matasa masu basira don maye gurbin bandmaster na opera Italiya a London. Ci gaba da haɓakawa a cikin kunna piano, a ƙarshe Clementi ya zama sananne a matsayin kyakkyawan halin kirki kuma mafi kyawun malamin piano.

A cikin 1781 ya fara tafiya ta farko ta fasaha ta Turai. Ta hanyar Strasbourg da Munich, ya isa Vienna, inda ya kasance kusa da Mozart da Haydn. A nan Vienna an yi fafatawa tsakanin Clementi da Mozart. Lamarin ya tayar da sha'awa sosai tsakanin masoya kiɗan Viennese.

Nasarar yawon shakatawa na kide-kide ya ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban ayyukan Clementi a wannan fagen, kuma a cikin 1785 ya tafi Paris kuma ya ci Parisians tare da wasansa.

Daga 1785 zuwa 1802, a zahiri Clementi ya dakatar da wasannin kide-kide na jama'a kuma ya fara ayyukan koyarwa da hadawa. Bugu da kari, a cikin wadannan shekaru bakwai, ya kafa tare da mallakar gidaje da dama na buga wakoki da masana'antar kayan kida.

A cikin 1802, Clementi, tare da ɗalibansa Field, sun yi babban balaguron fasaha na biyu ta hanyar Paris da Vienna zuwa St. Petersburg. A ko'ina ana karbe su da sha'awa. Filin ya kasance a St. Petersburg, kuma Zeiner ya shiga Clementi a wurinsa; a Berlin da Dresden sun hada da Berger da Klengel. Anan, a Berlin, Clementi ya yi aure, amma ba da daɗewa ba ya rasa matarsa ​​​​wata matashi kuma, domin ya nutsar da bakin ciki, ya koma St. Petersburg tare da dalibansa Berger da Klengel. A 1810, ta Vienna da dukan Italiya, Clementi ya koma London. A nan a cikin 1811 ya sake yin aure, kuma har zuwa ƙarshen kwanakinsa bai bar Ingila ba, sai lokacin hunturu na 1820, wanda ya yi a Leipzig.

Daukakar waƙar mawakin ba ta dusashewa. Ya kafa kungiyar Philharmonic Society a London kuma ya gudanar da kade-kade na kade-kade, yana ba da babbar gudummawa ga ci gaban fasahar piano.

Masu zamani sun kira Clementi "uban kiɗan piano". Wanda ya kafa da shugaban da ake kira makarantar London na Pianism, ya kasance mai haske tare da 'yanci da alherin wasa, da tsabta game da dabarar yatsa. A zamaninsa, Clementi ya samar da dukan galaxy na ban mamaki dalibai, wanda ya fi mayar ƙaddara ci gaban piano yi shekaru masu zuwa. Mawaƙin ya taƙaita ayyukansa da ƙwarewar koyarwa a cikin aikin musamman "Hanyoyin Wasa Piano", wanda shine ɗayan mafi kyawun kayan kiɗan na lokacinsa. Amma a yanzu duk dalibin makarantar wakokin zamani ya san; don haɓaka dabarun kunna piano yadda ya kamata, kawai dole ne a kunna etudes na Clementi.

A matsayin mawallafi, Clementi ya buga ayyukan yawancin mutanen zamaninsa. A karon farko a Ingila, an buga ayyukan Beethoven da dama. Bugu da kari, ya buga ayyukan da mawaki na 1823 karni (a cikin nasa karbuwa). A cikin 1832, Clementi ya shiga cikin harhadawa da buga littafin kida mai girma na farko. Muzio Clementi ya mutu a London a cikin XNUMX, ya bar babban arziki. Bai bar mu ba da ban sha'awa, ƙwararrun waƙarsa.

Viktor Kashirnikov