Alberto Ginastera |

Alberto Ginastera

Alberto Ginastera mawaki ne na Argentine, fitaccen mawaki a Latin Amurka. An yi la'akari da ayyukansa da kyau a cikin mafi kyawun misalan kiɗa na karni na XNUMX.

An haifi Alberto Ginastera a Buenos Aires a ranar 11 ga Afrilu, 1916, a cikin dangin Italiyanci-Catalan baƙi. Ya fara karatun kiɗa yana ɗan shekara bakwai kuma ya shiga ɗakin karatu yana ɗan shekara goma sha biyu. A cikin shekarun ɗalibinsa, kiɗan Debussy da Stravinsky sun sa ya fi burge shi. Ana iya lura da tasirin waɗannan mawaƙa zuwa ɗan lokaci a cikin ayyukansa ɗaya. Mawaƙin bai ajiye abubuwan da ya rubuta na farko ba kafin 1936. An yi imanin cewa wasu sun sha wahala iri ɗaya, saboda karuwar buƙatun Ginastera da sukar aikinsa. A 1939, Ginastera samu nasarar sauke karatu daga Conservatory. Jim kadan kafin wannan, ya kammala daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ya fara - ballet "Panambi", wanda aka yi a kan mataki na Teatro Colon a 1940.

A cikin 1942, Ginastera ya sami Fellowship na Guggenheim kuma ya tafi Amurka, inda ya yi karatu tare da Aaron Copland. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ya fara amfani da ƙarin hadaddun dabarun ƙira, kuma sabon salon sa yana da alaƙa da kishin ƙasa, wanda mawakin ya ci gaba da yin amfani da abubuwan gargajiya da shahararrun abubuwan kiɗan Argentine. Mafi halayen halayen wannan lokacin shine "Pampeana no. 3” (Fastocin Symphonic a cikin ƙungiyoyi uku) da Piano Sonata No. one.

Bayan ya dawo daga Amurka zuwa Argentina, ya kafa cibiyar kula da masu zaman kansu a La Plata, inda ya koyar daga 1948 zuwa 1958. Daga cikin dalibansa akwai mawakan nan gaba Astor Piazzolla da Gerardo Gandini. A cikin 1962, Ginastera, tare da sauran mawaƙa, sun kirkiro Cibiyar Nazarin Kiɗa na Latin Amurka a Instituto Torcuato di Tella. A karshen 60s, ya koma Geneva, inda yake zaune tare da matarsa ​​ta biyu, cellist Aurora Natola.

Alberto Ginastera ya mutu a ranar 25 ga Yuni, 1983. An binne shi a makabartar Plainpalais a Geneva.

Alberto Ginastera shine marubucin wasan operas da ballets. Daga cikin sauran ayyukan mawaƙa akwai kide-kide na piano, cello, violin, garaya. Ya rubuta ayyuka da yawa don kade-kade na kade-kade, piano, kiɗa don wasan kwaikwayo da silima, soyayya, da ayyukan ɗaki.

Masanin kiɗan Sergio Pujol ya rubuta game da mawaƙin a cikin littafinsa na Shekara ɗari na Musical Argentina na 2013: “Ginastera ya kasance titan na kiɗan ilimi, wani nau'in cibiyar kiɗan kanta, babban jigo a rayuwar al'adun ƙasar tsawon shekaru arba'in.

Kuma a nan ne yadda Alberto Ginastera da kansa ya fahimci ra'ayin rubuta kiɗa: "Haɗa kiɗa, a ganina, yana kama da ƙirƙirar gine-gine. A cikin kiɗa, wannan gine-ginen yana buɗewa akan lokaci. Kuma idan, bayan wucewar lokaci, aikin yana riƙe da ma'anar kamala ta ciki, wanda aka bayyana a cikin ruhu, muna iya cewa mawaƙin ya sami nasarar ƙirƙirar wannan ginin.

Nadia Koval

Abubuwan da aka tsara:

wasan kwaikwayo – Filin jirgin sama (Aeroporto, opera buffa, 1961, Bergamo), Don Rodrigo (1964, Buenos Aires), Bomarso (bayan M. Lines, 1967, Washington), Beatrice Cenci (1971, ibid); ballet - Choreographic labari Panambi (1937, mataki a 1940, Buenos Aires), Estancia (1941, mataki a 1952, ibid; sabon edition 1961), Tender dare (Tender dare; dangane da bambancin kide kide for dakin kade-kade, 1960, New York); cantatas – Amurka mai sihiri (sihiri na Amurka, 1960), Milena (zuwa rubutun F. Kafka, 1970); don makada - 2 symphonies (Portegna - Porteсa, 1942; elegiac - Sinfonia elegiaca, 1944), Creole Faust Overture (Fausto criollo, 1943), Toccata, Villancico da Fugue (1947), Pampean No. 3 (Symphonic pastoral), Concerical 1953 (Variaciones concertantes, na ɗakin mawaƙa, 1953); concerto na kirtani (1965); kide kide da wake-wake - 2 na piano (Argentinian, 1941; 1961), na violin (1963), na cello (1966), don garaya (1959); dakin kayan aiki ensembles - Pampean No. 1 don violin da piano (1947), Pampean No. 2 don cello da piano (1950), 2 kirtani quartets (1948, 1958), piano quintet (1963); don piano – raye-rayen Argentine (Danzas argentinas, 1937), 12 American preludes (12 American preludes, 1944), suite Creole rawa (Danzas criollas, 1946), sonata (1952); don murya tare da tarin kayan aiki - Melodies na Tucuman (Cantos del Tucumán, tare da sarewa, violin, garaya da ganguna 2, zuwa waƙoƙin RX Sanchez, 1938) da sauransu; soyayya; aiki - Waƙoƙin gargajiya na Argentine biyar don murya da piano (Cinco canciones populares argentinas, 1943); music ga wasan kwaikwayo "Olyantai" (1947), da dai sauransu.