Alexander Nikolaevich Kholminov (Alexander Kholminov) |

Alexander Kholminov

Aikin A.Kholminov ya zama sananne a kasar mu da kuma kasashen waje. Kuma wannan ba abin mamaki ba ne, tun da kowane ɗayan ayyukansa, waƙa, wasan opera, wasan kwaikwayo, yana jan hankalin mutum, yana haifar da tausayi. Gaskiyar magana, zamantakewa yana sa mai sauraro ba shi da fahimta ga rikitaccen harshe na kiɗa, tushen zurfin wanda shine ainihin waƙar Rasha. "A kowane hali, dole ne kiɗa ya yi nasara a cikin aikin," in ji mawaki. "Hakika fasahar fasaha suna da mahimmanci, amma na fi son tunani. Tunani na kida shine mafi girman ragi, kuma, a ganina, ya ta'allaka ne a farkon waƙar.

An haifi Kholminov a cikin iyali mai aiki. Shekarunsa na ƙuruciyarsa sun zo daidai da lokaci mai wuya, lokaci mai saba wa juna, amma ga yaron, rayuwar yaron ta kasance a bude ga bangaren kirkire-kirkire, kuma mafi mahimmanci, an ƙaddara sha'awar kiɗa da wuri. Kishirwar sha'awar kiɗa ta gamsu da gidan rediyon, wanda ya bayyana a cikin gidan a farkon 30s, wanda ke watsa kiɗan gargajiya da yawa, musamman wasan opera na Rasha. A cikin waɗannan shekarun, godiya ga rediyo, an gane shi azaman wasan kwaikwayo ne kawai, kuma daga baya ya zama wani ɓangare na wasan kwaikwayo na Kholminov. Wani mahimmin ra'ayi mai ƙarfi shine fim ɗin sauti kuma, sama da duka, sanannen zanen Chapaev. Wane ne ya san, watakila, shekaru da yawa bayan haka, sha'awar yara ya yi wahayi zuwa ga mawaki ga opera Chapaev (dangane da labari na wannan sunan da D. Furmanov da screenplay na 'yan'uwa Vasiliev).

A 1934, azuzuwan fara a music makaranta a cikin Baumansky gundumar Moscow. Hakika, dole ne in yi ba tare da kayan kiɗa ba, tun da babu kuɗin da zan saya. Iyaye ba su tsoma baki tare da sha'awar kiɗa ba, amma sun shagaltu da rashin son kai wanda mawaƙin nan gaba ya shiga ciki, wani lokaci suna manta da komai. Har yanzu ba shi da masaniya game da fasahar rera waƙa, Sasha, kasancewar ɗan makaranta, ya rubuta wasan opera ta farko, The Tale of the Priest and His Worker Balda, wadda ta ɓace a cikin shekarun yaƙi, kuma domin ya shirya ta, ya karanta F. Jagoran Gevart ga Kayan aiki da gangan ya fada hannunsa.

A 1941, azuzuwan a makaranta sun daina. Domin wani lokaci Kholminov yi aiki a soja Academy. Frunze a cikin m part, a 1943 ya shiga cikin music makaranta a Moscow Conservatory, da kuma a 1944 ya shiga cikin Conservatory a cikin abun da ke ciki aji na An. Alexandrov, sa'an nan E. Golubeva. Ƙirƙirar haɓakar mawallafin ya ci gaba da sauri. Ƙungiyoyin mawaƙa da ƙungiyar mawaƙa na ɗalibi sun yi ta maimaita abubuwan da ya rubuta, kuma ana jin preludes na piano da "Cossack Song", wanda ya sami lambar yabo ta farko a gasar Conservatory, a rediyo.

Kholminov sauke karatu daga Conservatory a shekarar 1950 tare da symphonic waka "The Young Guard", nan da nan shigar da shi zuwa ga Union of Composers, kuma nan da nan ya zo masa da gaske babban nasara da kuma fitarwa. A shekara ta 1955, ya rubuta "Song of Lenin" (a kan Yu. Kamenetsky), game da abin da D. Kabalevsky ya ce: "A ganina, Kholminov ya yi nasara a cikin aikin farko na fasaha da aka sadaukar don siffar shugaba." Nasara ta ƙayyade alkiblar ƙirƙira ta gaba - ɗaya bayan ɗaya mai yin waƙa yana ƙirƙirar waƙoƙi. Amma mafarkin wasan opera ya rayu a cikin ransa, kuma, bayan da ya ƙi yawancin tayin da Mosfilm ya yi, mawakin ya yi aiki na tsawon shekaru 5 akan opera Optimistic Tragedy (dangane da wasan kwaikwayo na Vs. Vishnevsky), ya kammala a 1964. Tun daga wannan lokacin, opera ta zama jagorar nau'in aikin Kholminov. Har zuwa 1987, an halicci 11 daga cikinsu, kuma a cikin dukansu mawaki ya juya zuwa batutuwa na kasa, ya zana su daga ayyukan marubutan Rasha da Soviet. "Ina son adabin Rasha sosai don ɗabi'a, tsayin ɗabi'a, kamalar fasaha, tunani, zurfinsa. Na karanta kalmomin Gogol masu daraja da zinariya,” in ji mawaƙin.

A cikin wasan opera, an gano alaƙa da hadisai na makarantar gargajiya ta Rasha a fili. Mutanen Rasha a lokacin jujjuyawar tarihin ƙasar ("Kyakkyawan Bala'i, Chapaev"), matsalar Rasha mai ban tausayi sani na rayuwa (B. Asafiev) ta hanyar ƙaddarar halin mutum daga mutum, hangen nesa na tunani ("The Brothers Karamazov" na F. Dostoevsky; "The Overcoat" na N Gogol, "Vanka, Bikin aure" na A. Chekhov, "Jeri na goma sha biyu" na V. Shukshin) - irin wannan shine mayar da hankali ga aikin wasan kwaikwayo na Kholminov. Kuma a 1987 ya rubuta opera "Steelworkers" (dangane da wasan kwaikwayo na wannan sunan G. Bokarev). "Sha'awar ƙwararru ta taso don ƙoƙarin shigar da jigon samarwa na zamani a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗa."

Very 'ya'yan itãcen marmari ga mawaki ta aiki shi ne wani dogon lokaci hadin gwiwa tare da Moscow Chamber Musical Theater da kuma m darektan B. Pokrovsky, wanda ya fara a 1975 tare da samar da biyu operas dogara a kan Gogol - "The Overcoat" da "Karusa". Kwarewar Kholminov ta ci gaba a cikin ayyukan sauran mawaƙa na Soviet kuma ta motsa sha'awar gidan wasan kwaikwayo na ɗakin. "A gare ni, Kholminov ya fi kusa da ni a matsayin mawaƙi wanda ke tsara wasan kwaikwayo na ɗakin kwana," in ji Pokrovsky. “Abin da ya fi muhimmanci shi ne ya rubuta su ba don yin oda ba, amma bisa ga umarnin zuciyarsa. Saboda haka, mai yiwuwa, waɗannan ayyukan da yake bayarwa ga gidan wasan kwaikwayon namu koyaushe na asali ne. Da darektan sosai daidai lura da babban alama na mawaki ta m yanayi, wanda abokin ciniki ne ko da yaushe nasa ran. "Dole ne in yi imani cewa wannan shine aikin da dole ne in rubuta a yanzu. Ina ƙoƙarin kada in kwaikwayi kaina, kar in maimaita kaina, duk lokacin da na nemi wasu samfuran sauti. Duk da haka, ina yin wannan ne kawai bisa ga buƙatun ciki na. Da farko, akwai sha'awar manyan-sikelin mataki m frescoes, sa'an nan da ra'ayin wani jam'iyya opera, wanda ya ba mutum damar nutse a cikin zurfin ran mutum, sha'awar. Sai kawai a lokacin balagagge ya rubuta waƙarsa ta farko, lokacin da ya ji cewa akwai buƙatar da ba za a iya jurewa ba don bayyana kansa a cikin babban nau'i mai mahimmanci. Daga baya ya juya zuwa nau'in quartet (akwai kuma buƙata!)

Lalle ne, Symphony da kuma dakin-kayan music, ban da mutum ayyuka, bayyana a cikin aikin Kholminov a cikin 7080s. Waɗannan su ne 3 symphonies (Na farko - 1973; Na biyu, sadaukar da mahaifinsa - 1975; Na uku, don girmama 600th ranar tunawa da "Battle of Kulikovo" - 1977), "Greeting Overture" (1977), "Festive Poem" ( 1980), Concert- symphony for sarewa da kirtani (1978), Concerto for cello and chamber choir (1980), 3 string quartets (1980, 1985, 1986) da sauransu. Kholminov yana da kiɗa don fina-finai, da dama na murya da ayyukan jin dadi, mai ban sha'awa "Albam na yara" don piano.

Kholminov ba'a iyakance ga aikinsa kawai ba. Yana da sha'awar wallafe-wallafe, zane-zane, gine-gine, yana jawo hankalin sadarwa tare da mutane masu sana'a daban-daban. Mawaƙin yana cikin binciken ƙirƙira akai-akai, yana aiki tuƙuru da himma akan sabbin abubuwan ƙirƙira - a ƙarshen 1988, Music for Strings da Concerto grosso don ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta ɗakin da aka kammala. Ya yi imanin cewa kawai aikin kirkire-kirkire na yau da kullun yana haifar da wahayi na gaske, yana kawo farin ciki na binciken fasaha.

O. Averyanova