Rakiya |

Rakiya na Faransanci, daga mai rakiya - don rakiyar; ital. accompagnamento; Turanci raka; Jamus Begleitung.

1) Sashe na kayan aiki (misali, piano, guitar, da sauransu) ko sassan tarin kayan kida (muryoyin waƙa) tare da ɓangaren solo na mawaƙa ko ƙwararrun kayan kida. A. yana taimaka wa soloist don yin aikin sa daidai.

2) Komai a cikin kiɗa. prod., wanda ke aiki azaman masu jituwa. da rhythmic. goyon bayan babbar murya mai daɗi. Bangaren kiɗa. gabatar da waƙar waƙa da A. halayyar kidan na ɗakin ajiyar homophonic-harmonic, sabanin kiɗan monophonic da polyphonic. A cikin Orc. kiɗan ƙayyadaddun sito, inda babban waƙar ke wucewa daga kayan aiki zuwa kayan aiki ko kuma daga rukunin kayan kida zuwa wani rukuni na su, abubuwan da ke tattare da muryoyin da ke tare da su suna canzawa koyaushe.

Hali da matsayin A. sun dogara da zamanin, nat. kayan haɗi na kiɗa da salon sa. Koda tafa hannuwa ko bugawa da kafarka, wanda sau da yawa yana tare da aikin nar. Ana iya ɗaukar waƙoƙi a matsayin mafi sauƙi nau'i na A. (tsalla-dalla rhythmic. A. shi ne kuma rakiyar kayan kaɗa ɗaya).

Wani al'amari mai alaƙa shine haɗin kai ko octave ninki biyu na wok. karin waƙa ta kayan kida ɗaya ko fiye, waɗanda aka samo a cikin tsohuwar ƙarni na tsakiya prof. music, kuma a cikin 15-16 ƙarni. - instr. rakiya zuwa wok. Ayyukan polyphonic, a cikin fasaha. girmamawa shine na biyu kuma na zaɓi (yi ad libitum).

A karshen 16 - farkon. 17 ƙarni, dangane da kusanci da ci gaban homophonic harmonic. sito, A. an kafa shi a zamani. fahimta, bada jituwa. tushe na waƙar. A lokacin, ya kasance al'ada don rubuta ƙananan muryar A. kawai, yana bayyana jituwa tare da taimakon bayanan dijital (bass bass ko dijital bass). An ba da "Deciphering" bass na dijital a cikin nau'i na ƙididdiga, siffofi, da dai sauransu bisa ga ra'ayin mai yin, wanda ya buƙaci tunaninsa, kyautar haɓakawa, dandano da ƙwarewa na musamman. basira. Tun lokacin J. Haydn, WA Mozart, L. Beethoven, A. marubutan sun rubuta su gaba ɗaya.

A cikin instr. da wok. kiɗan ƙarni na 19th da 20th. A. sau da yawa yana yin sabbin maganganu. ayyuka: "gama" soloist maras magana, ya jaddada da zurfafa tunani. da ban mamaki abun ciki na music, haifar da misali da kuma hoto bango. Sau da yawa, daga rakiyar mai sauƙi, ya juya zuwa daidaitaccen ɓangaren gungu, alal misali. a fp. jam'iyyun soyayya da waƙoƙin F. Schubert, R. Schumann, I. Brahms, X. Wolf, E. Grieg, PI Tchaikovsky. SI Taneyev, NA Rimsky-Korsakov, SV Rachmaninov da sauran composers.

3) Ayyukan kiɗa. masu rakiya. Da'awar A. ta mai zane. ma'ana yana kusa da da'awar wasan kwaikwayo. Dubi Concertmaster.

Littattafai: Kryuchkov HA, Fasahar haɗin gwiwa a matsayin batun nazarin, L., 1961; Shenderovich E., A kan fasaha na rakiya, "SM", 1969, No 4; Lyublinsky A., Ka'idar da kuma aiki na raka, (L.), 1972; Fetis Fr.-J., Traité de l'accompagnement de la partition, P., 1829; Dourlen V. Ch. P., Traité d'accompagnement, P., 1840; Elwart AE, Le chanteuracompagnateur, P., 1844; Gevaert fr. A., Méthode zuba l'enseignement du plain-chant et de la manière de l'accompagner, Gand, 1856; Matthias Fr. X., Historische Entwicklung der Choralbegleitung, Strayab., 1905; Arnold F. Th., Fasahar rakiya daga cikakken-bass, L., 1931, NY, 1965; Moore G., Mawaƙi kuma mai rakiya, L., 1953, rus. per. a cikin littafin: Yin Arts na Ƙasashen Waje, a'a. 2, M., 1966.

NP Korykhalova