Tikhon Khrennikov |

Tikhon Khrennikov

“Me nake rubutawa? Game da soyayyar rayuwa. Ina son rayuwa a cikin dukkan bayyanarta kuma ina matukar godiya ga ƙa'idar da ke tabbatar da rayuwa a cikin mutane. " A cikin waɗannan kalmomi - babban ingancin halayen mawallafin Soviet mai ban mamaki, pianist, babban jama'a.

Waka ta kasance burina koyaushe. Mafarkin wannan mafarki ya fara ne tun yana yaro, lokacin da mai yin waƙar nan gaba ya zauna tare da iyayensa da 'yan'uwa maza da mata da yawa (shi ne na ƙarshe, yaro na goma a cikin iyali) a Yelets. Gaskiya ne, azuzuwan kiɗa a wancan lokacin sun kasance na bazuwar yanayi. M sana'a karatu fara a Moscow, a 1929 a Music College. Gnesins tare da M. Gnesin da G. Litinsky sa'an nan kuma ya ci gaba a Moscow Conservatory a cikin abun da ke ciki na V. Shebalin (1932-36) da kuma a cikin piano na G. Neuhaus. Duk da yake har yanzu dalibi, Khrennikov ya halicci Piano Concerto na farko (1933) da kuma Symphony na farko (1935), wanda nan da nan ya sami amincewar duka masu sauraro da masu sana'a. "Kaito, farin ciki, wahala da farin ciki" - wannan shi ne yadda mawaki da kansa ya ayyana ra'ayin Symphony na farko, kuma wannan farawa mai tabbatar da rayuwa ya zama babban fasalin kiɗansa, wanda ko da yaushe yana kiyaye matashin jin daɗin cikakken. zubar da jini na zama. Fiyayyen wasan kwaikwayo na hotunan kiɗan da ke cikin wannan wasan kwaikwayo shine wata siffa ta salon mawaƙin, wanda ya ƙaddara a nan gaba ci gaba da sha'awar nau'ikan wasan kida. (A cikin tarihin rayuwar Khrennikov akwai ma ... wasan kwaikwayo! A cikin fim din Y. Raizman "The Train Goes to East" (1947) ya ba da umarni, ya taka rawar matukin jirgin ruwa. wuri a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Moscow don yara, wanda N. Sats ya jagoranta (wasa "Mick, 1934), amma nasarar gaske ta zo lokacin a gidan wasan kwaikwayo. E. Vakhtangov ya shirya wani wasan kwaikwayo na V. Shakespeare "Much Ado About Nothing" (1936) tare da kiɗa na Khrennikov.

A cikin wannan aikin ne aka fara bayyana cikakkiyar kyautar waƙar mawakin, wadda ita ce babban sirrin waƙarsa. Wakokin da aka yi a nan nan da nan sun zama sananne ba kamar yadda ba a saba gani ba. Kuma a cikin ayyukan da suka biyo baya don gidan wasan kwaikwayo da cinema, sababbin waƙoƙin sun bayyana ba tare da canzawa ba, wanda nan da nan ya shiga rayuwar yau da kullum kuma har yanzu ba su rasa kyan su ba. "Song na Moscow", "Kamar nightingale game da fure", "Boat", "Lullaby na Svetlana", "Abin da ya damu da zuciya", "Maris na manyan bindigogi" - wadannan da kuma da yawa sauran songs na Khrennikov fara. rayuwarsu a cikin wasan kwaikwayo da fina-finai.

Song ya zama ginshiƙin salon kiɗan mawaƙin, kuma wasan kwaikwayo ya fi kayyade ƙa'idodin ci gaban kiɗan. Jigogi na kiɗa-hotuna a cikin ayyukansa suna sauƙin canzawa, da yardar kaina suna yin biyayya ga dokokin nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan - opera, ballet, symphony, kide kide. Wannan ikon zuwa kowane nau'i na metamorphoses ya bayyana irin wannan sifa ta aikin Khrennikov a matsayin maimaita komawa zuwa wannan makirci da kuma, saboda haka, kiɗa a cikin nau'o'in nau'i daban-daban. Misali, bisa ga kidan wasan kwaikwayon “Much Ado About Nothing”, wasan opera mai ban dariya “Much Ado About… Hearts” (1972) da ballet “Love for Love” (1982) an halicce su; kiɗan don wasan kwaikwayo "Tsawon lokaci mai tsawo" (1942) ya bayyana a cikin fim din "Ballad Hussar" (1962) da kuma a cikin ballet na wannan sunan (1979); Ana amfani da kiɗan don fim ɗin Duenna (1978) a cikin opera-musical Dorothea (1983).

Daya daga cikin nau'o'in mafi kusa da Khrennikov shine wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗa. Wannan dabi'a ce, saboda mawaki yana son wargi, jin daɗi, sauƙi kuma a zahiri ya shiga cikin yanayi mai ban dariya, yana inganta su da hikima, kamar dai yana gayyatar kowa da kowa don raba farin ciki na nishaɗi kuma yarda da yanayin wasan. Duk da haka, a lokaci guda, yakan juya zuwa batutuwan da suka yi nisa daga wasan kwaikwayo kawai. Don haka. libretto na operetta Aljanu ɗari da Yarinya ɗaya (1963) ya dogara ne akan kayan rayuwa na masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na addini. Ma'anar wasan opera The Golden Calf (dangane da littafin labari na wannan sunan da I. Ilf da E. Petrov) yayi la'akari da manyan matsalolin zamaninmu; farkonsa ya faru a 1985.

Ko da yake karatu a Conservatory Khrennikov yana da ra'ayin rubuta wasan opera a kan wani jigo na juyin juya hali. Ya aiwatar da shi daga baya, ya haifar da wani nau'i na trilogy: opera Into Storm (1939) dangane da makircin littafin N. Virta. "Loneliness" game da abubuwan da suka faru na juyin juya hali, "Uwar" bisa ga M. Gorky (1957), da m tarihin "White Night" (1967), inda aka nuna rayuwar Rasha a jajibirin babban Oktoba Socialist juyin juya halin gurguzu a cikin wani hadaddun. interweaving na abubuwan da suka faru.

Tare da nau'o'in wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗa, kiɗa na kayan aiki yana da matsayi mai mahimmanci a cikin aikin Khrennikov. Shi ne marubucin wasan kwaikwayo uku (1935, 1942, 1974), piano uku (1933, 1972, 1983), violin biyu (1959, 1975), cello biyu (1964, 1986). Halin nau'in wasan kwaikwayo na musamman yana jawo hankalin mawaki kuma ya bayyana a gare shi a cikin ainihin manufarsa na gargajiya - a matsayin gasa mai ban sha'awa tsakanin mawaƙa da mawaƙa, kusa da wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo wanda Khrennikov ke ƙauna. Tsarin dimokuradiyya da ke cikin nau'in ya zo daidai da manufar fasaha na marubucin, wanda ko da yaushe yana ƙoƙari don sadarwa tare da mutane a cikin nau'i daban-daban. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan nau'o'in shine wasan kwaikwayo na pianistic, wanda ya fara ranar 21 ga Yuni, 1933 a cikin Babban Hall na Conservatory na Moscow kuma yana ci gaba fiye da rabin karni. A cikin ƙuruciyarsa, a matsayin dalibi a ɗakin ajiya, Khrennikov ya rubuta a cikin ɗaya daga cikin wasiƙunsa: "Yanzu sun mai da hankali ga haɓaka matakin al'adu ... Ina so in yi ... babban aikin zamantakewa a wannan hanya."

Kalmomin sun zama annabci. A 1948, Khrennikov aka zaba Janar, tun 1957 - na farko sakataren kwamitin na Union of Composers na Tarayyar Soviet.

Tare da manyan ayyukan zamantakewa, Khrennikov ya koyar da shekaru a Moscow Conservatory (tun 1961). Da alama wannan mawakin yana rayuwa ne a cikin wani yanayi na musamman, yana faɗaɗa iyakokinsa ba tare da ƙarewa ba tare da cika shi da abubuwa masu tarin yawa waɗanda ke da wuya a iya tunanin su akan sikelin rayuwar mutum ɗaya.

O. Averyanova