Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli (Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli) |

Arturo Benedetti na Michelangelo

Babu wani daga cikin fitattun mawakan ƙarni na XNUMX da ke da almara da yawa, da yawa labarai masu ban mamaki da aka faɗa. Michelangeli ya karbi lakabin "Mutumin Asibiti", "Tangle of Asirin", "Mafi kyawun Mawallafin da ba a fahimta ba na Zamaninmu".

"Bendetti Michelangeli fitaccen dan wasan pian ne na karni na XNUMX, daya daga cikin manyan mutane a duniyar wasan kwaikwayo," in ji A. Merkulov. - Mafi kyawun ƙimar ƙirar da aka ƙaddara ta hanyar haɓakar haɓakawa na ɗan asalin, wani lokacin da yake cikin ban mamaki da na mamaki: A gefe guda na ban mamaki na Juyawa. Bugu da ƙari, kowane ɗayan waɗannan halaye na asali, na cikin gida da yawa, ana kawo su cikin fasahar ɗan wasan pian na Italiya zuwa sabbin digiri na bayyanuwar. Don haka, iyakoki na yanayin motsin rai a wasan Benedetti sun bambanta daga buɗe ido mai zafi, raɗaɗi da raɗaɗi zuwa gyare-gyare na musamman, gyare-gyare, sophistication, sophistication. Hankali kuma yana bayyana a cikin ƙirƙirar dabarun aikin falsafa mai zurfi, kuma a cikin madaidaicin ma'ana na fassarori, kuma a cikin wani yanki mai sanyi, tunani mai sanyi na adadin fassarorinsa, da rage abubuwan haɓakawa a cikin wasa akan mataki.

• Kiɗa na Piano a cikin shagon kan layi na Ozon →

An haifi Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli a ranar 5 ga Janairu, 1920 a birnin Brescia, a arewacin Italiya. Ya sami darasin kiɗan sa na farko yana ɗan shekara huɗu. Da farko ya karanta violin, sa'an nan ya fara nazarin piano. Amma tun yana yaro Arturo yana rashin lafiya tare da ciwon huhu, wanda ya juya zuwa tarin fuka, dole ne a bar violin.

Rashin lafiyar matashin mawaƙin bai ba shi damar ɗaukar kaya biyu ba.

Jagoran farko na Michelangeli shine Paulo Kemeri. A shekaru goma sha huɗu Arturo ya sauke karatu daga Milan Conservatory a cikin aji na sanannen pianist Giovanni Anfossi.

Da alama an yanke shawarar makomar Michelangeli. Amma ba zato ba tsammani ya tafi gidan sufi na Franciscan, inda yake aiki a matsayin organist na kusan shekara guda. Michelangeli bai zama sufi ba. A lokaci guda kuma, yanayin ya yi tasiri a kan mawaƙin duniya.

A cikin 1938, Michelangeli ya shiga gasar Piano ta kasa da kasa a Brussels, inda ya dauki matsayi na bakwai kawai. Memba na juri na gasa SE Feinberg, mai yiwuwa yana magana game da 'yancin salon soyayya na mafi kyawun ƴan takarar Italiya, ya rubuta cewa suna wasa "tare da hazaka na waje, amma da ɗabi'a sosai", kuma aikinsu "an bambanta da cikakkiyar ra'ayi a cikin tafsirin aikin".

Fame ya zo ga Michelangeli bayan ya lashe gasar a Geneva a 1939. "An haifi sabon Liszt," masu sukar kiɗa sun rubuta. A. Cortot da sauran membobin juri sun ba da ƙwazo game da wasan ɗan Italiyan. Da alama yanzu babu abin da zai hana Michelangeli samun nasara, amma ba da daɗewa ba ya fara yakin duniya na biyu. – Ya dauki bangare a cikin juriya motsi, ƙware da sana'a na matukin jirgi, fada da Nazis.

An raunata shi a hannu, an kama shi, an saka shi a kurkuku, inda ya shafe kusan watanni 8, yana amfani da damar, ya tsere daga kurkuku - da kuma yadda yake gudu! a kan jirgin abokan gaba da aka sace. Yana da wuya a ce ina gaskiya take kuma ina labarin almara game da matasan soja na Michelangeli. Shi da kansa ya yi matukar jinkirin tabo wannan batu a tattaunawarsa da 'yan jarida. Amma ko da akwai akalla rabin gaskiya a nan, ya rage kawai don mamaki - babu wani abu kamar wannan a duniya ko dai kafin Michelangeli ko bayansa.

"A ƙarshen yaƙin, Michelangeli a ƙarshe yana komawa ga kiɗa. Mai wasan piano yana yin wasan kwaikwayo mafi daraja a Turai da Amurka. Amma ba zai zama Michelangeli ba idan ya yi komai kamar sauran. "Ban taɓa yin wasa don wasu mutane ba," in ji Michelangeli, "Ina wasa don kaina Kuma a gare ni, gaba ɗaya, ba kome ba idan akwai masu sauraro a cikin zauren ko a'a. Lokacin da nake a madannai na piano, duk abin da ke kewaye da ni yana ɓacewa.

Akwai kida kawai kuma babu komai sai kida.”

Pianist ya tafi mataki ne kawai lokacin da ya ji a cikin siffar kuma yana cikin yanayi. Har ila yau, mawaƙin dole ne ya gamsu da sautin murya da sauran yanayin da ke da alaƙa da wasan kwaikwayo mai zuwa. Ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa sau da yawa duk abubuwan ba su zo daidai ba, kuma an soke wasan kwaikwayo.

Wataƙila babu wanda ya taɓa samun adadin shelar da aka soke da kuma soke kide-kide kamar na Michelangeli. Masu zagi har ma sun yi iƙirarin cewa ɗan wasan pian ya soke wasannin kide-kide fiye da ba su! Michelangeli sau ɗaya ya ƙi yin wasan kwaikwayo a Hall na Carnegie kanta! Ba ya son piano, ko watakila kunna shi.

A gaskiya, dole ne a ce irin wannan ƙi ba za a iya danganta shi da son rai ba. Za a iya ba da misali lokacin da Michelangeli ya yi hatsarin mota kuma ya karye hakarkarinsa, kuma bayan sa'o'i kadan ya hau kan mataki.

Bayan haka, ya yi shekara guda a asibiti! Repertoire na pianist ya ƙunshi ƙaramin adadin ayyukan marubuta daban-daban:

Scarlatti, Bach, Busoni, Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, Chopin, Schumann, Brahms, Rachmaninov, Debussy, Ravel da sauransu.

Michelangeli zai iya koyon sabon yanki na tsawon shekaru kafin ya haɗa shi a cikin shirye-shiryen wasan kwaikwayo. Amma ko da daga baya, ya koma wannan aikin fiye da sau ɗaya, yana gano sababbin launuka da nuances na tunani a ciki. "Lokacin da nake magana game da kiɗan da na kunna watakila sau goma ko ɗaruruwan, koyaushe ina farawa daga farko," in ji shi. Kamar sabuwar waka ce gareni.

Duk lokacin da na fara da ra'ayoyin da suka shagaltar da ni a wannan lokacin.

Salon mawaƙin ya keɓe gaba ɗaya tsarin mawaƙa ga aikin:

"Aikina shi ne in bayyana niyyar marubucin, nufin marubucin, don shigar da ruhi da harafin waƙar da nake yi," in ji shi. — Ina ƙoƙarin karanta rubutun wani kiɗan daidai. Komai yana can, komai yana da alama. Michelangeli yayi ƙoƙari don abu ɗaya - kamala.

Shi ya sa ya dade yana zagayawa a biranen Turai da piano da tuner dinsa, duk kuwa da cewa kudaden da ake kashewa a wannan harka sukan zarce kudaden da ake biya na wasan kwaikwayonsa. dangane da sana'a da kuma mafi kyawun aikin sauti na "samfurin," bayanin kula na Tsypin.

Shahararren mai sukar Moscow DA Rabinovich ya rubuta a cikin 1964, bayan yawon shakatawa na pianist a cikin USSR: “Dabarun Michelangeli na da mafi ban mamaki a cikin waɗanda suka taɓa wanzuwa. An ɗauke shi zuwa iyakar abin da zai yiwu, yana da kyau. Yana haifar da ni'ima, jin daɗin sha'awa ga kyawawan jituwa na "cikakkiyar pianism".

A lokaci guda kuma, wata kasida ta GG Neuhaus "Pianist Arturo Benedetti-Michelangeli" ta bayyana, wanda ya ce: "A karo na farko, shahararren dan wasan pianist Arturo Benedetti-Michelangeli ya zo Tarayyar Soviet. Kide-kiden da ya yi na farko a babban dakin taron na Conservatory nan da nan ya tabbatar da cewa shaharar da wannan dan wasan pian ya yi ya dace sosai, cewa babbar sha'awa da rashin hakuri da masu sauraro suka nuna da suka cika dakin kide-kide da iya aiki ya dace - kuma sun sami cikakkiyar gamsuwa. Benedetti-Michelangeli ya juya ya zama ainihin ɗan wasan pian na mafi girma, mafi girman aji, kusa da wanda ba kasafai ba, raka'a kaɗan za a iya sanyawa. Yana da wahala a cikin taƙaitaccen bita don lissafta duk abin da ya burge mai sauraro game da shi, ina son yin magana da yawa kuma dalla-dalla, amma duk da haka, aƙalla a taƙaice, za a ba ni damar lura da babban abu. Da farko, wajibi ne a ambaci kamala da ba a taɓa ji ba na aikinsa, kamalar da ba ta ƙyale wani haɗari ba, sauye-sauye na minti, babu sabani daga maƙasudin aikin, da zarar an gane shi, ya kafa kuma ya yi aiki da shi. babban aikin ascetic. Cikakken, jituwa a cikin komai - a cikin ma'anar aikin gaba ɗaya, a cikin fasaha, a cikin sauti, a cikin mafi ƙanƙanta, da kuma gaba ɗaya.

Waƙarsa tana kama da wani mutum-mutumi na marmara, cikakke mai ban mamaki, wanda aka tsara don tsayawa tsawon ƙarni ba tare da canji ba, kamar dai ba a ƙarƙashin dokokin lokaci ba, sabani da rikice-rikicensa. Idan zan iya faɗi haka, cikawarsa wani nau'in "daidaitacce" ne mai tsayi sosai kuma yana da wahalar aiwatar da manufa, abu ne mai wuyar gaske, kusan wanda ba za a iya samu ba, idan muka yi amfani da manufar "madaidaicin" ma'aunin da PI Tchaikovsky ya yi amfani da shi. shi, wanda ya yi imani da cewa a cikin duk akwai kusan babu cikakken ayyuka a duniya music, cewa kammala da aka samu ne kawai a cikin rarest lokuta, a daidai da farawa, duk da yawa na kyau, m, talented, m qagaggun. Kamar kowane ɗan wasan pian mai girma, Benedetti-Michelangeli yana da palette mai arziƙi mara misaltuwa: tushen kiɗan - sautin lokaci - an haɓaka kuma ana amfani dashi zuwa iyaka. Anan wani ɗan wasan pian ne wanda ya san yadda ake haifuwar farkon haihuwar sauti da duk canje-canjen sa da gradations har zuwa fortissimo, koyaushe yana kasancewa cikin iyakokin alheri da kyau. Roba na wasansa yana da ban mamaki, filastik mai zurfi na bas-relief, wanda ke ba da wasan motsa jiki na chiaroscuro. Ba wai kawai wasan kwaikwayon Debussy, babban mai zane a cikin kiɗa ba, har ma na Scarlatti da Beethoven sun yi yawa a cikin dabara da laya na masana'antar sauti, rarrabawa da tsabta, waɗanda ke da wuya a ji a cikin irin wannan kamala.

Benedetti-Michelangeli ba kawai sauraron kuma ya ji kansa daidai ba, amma kuna da ra'ayi cewa yana tunanin kiɗa yayin wasa, kun kasance a cikin aikin tunanin kiɗa, sabili da haka, ga alama a gare ni, kiɗansa yana da tasiri mai tasiri akan mai sauraro. Yana sa ku yi tunani tare da shi. Wannan shine abin da ke sa ku ji kuma ku ji kiɗan a wurin kide-kide nasa.

Kuma wani ƙarin dukiya, musamman halayyar ɗan wasan piano na zamani, yana da matuƙar tasiri a cikinsa: bai taɓa yin wasa da kansa ba, ya buga marubucin, da yadda yake wasa! Mun ji Scarlatti, Bach (Chaconne), Beethoven (dukansu da wuri - Sonata na uku, da kuma marigayi - Sonata na 32), da Chopin, da Debussy, kuma kowane marubuci ya bayyana a gabanmu a cikin nasa na musamman na ainihin asali. Mai wasan kwaikwayo ne kawai wanda ya fahimci dokokin kiɗa da fasaha zuwa zurfin tunani da zuciyarsa zai iya yin irin wannan wasa. Ba lallai ba ne a ce, wannan yana buƙatar (sai dai hankali da zuciya) mafi kyawun hanyoyin fasaha (ci gaban na'urar motsa jiki-muscular, ingantaccen symbiosis na pianist tare da kayan aiki). A cikin Benedetti-Michelangeli, an haɓaka ta ta yadda, sauraronsa, mutum yana sha'awar ba kawai babban hazakarsa ba, har ma da babban aikin da ake buƙata don kawo niyyarsa da iyawarsa zuwa irin wannan kamala.

Tare da yin ayyukan, Michelangeli kuma ya sami nasarar shiga aikin koyarwa. Ya fara ne a shekarun kafin yakin, amma ya fara koyarwa da gaske a rabin na biyu na shekarun 1940. Michelangeli ya koyar da azuzuwan piano a gidajen ajiyar Bologna da Venice da wasu biranen Italiya. Mawakin kuma ya kafa makarantarsa ​​a Bolzano.

Bugu da kari, a lokacin bazara ya shirya darussa na kasa da kasa don matasa masu wasan pian a Arezzo, kusa da Florence. Damar kuɗi na ɗalibin yana sha'awar Michelangeli kusan aƙalla. Bugu da ƙari, har ma yana shirye ya taimaka wa mutane masu basira. Babban abu shine zama mai ban sha'awa tare da dalibi. "A cikin wannan jijiya, fiye ko žasa lafiya, a waje, a kowane hali, rayuwar Michelangeli ta gudana har zuwa karshen shekarun sittin," in ji Tsypin. tseren mota, ya kasance, kusan ƙwararren direban motar tsere, ya sami kyaututtuka a gasa. Michelangeli ya rayu cikin ladabi, ba tare da fa'ida ba, kusan koyaushe yana tafiya cikin baƙar fata da ya fi so, mazauninsa bai bambanta da kayan ado da gidan sufi ba. Ya fi yawan buga piano da dare, lokacin da zai iya cire haɗin kai gaba ɗaya daga duk wani abu na ban mamaki, daga yanayin waje.

"Yana da matukar mahimmanci kada ku rasa hulɗa da kanku," in ji shi sau ɗaya. "Kafin fita zuwa ga jama'a, mai zane dole ne ya nemi hanyar kansa." Sun ce aikin Michelangeli na kayan aikin ya yi yawa: 7-8 hours a rana. Duk da haka, a lokacin da suka yi magana da shi a kan wannan batu, ya amsa da ɗan fushi cewa ya yi aiki a dukan sa'o'i 24, kawai wani ɓangare na wannan aikin da aka yi a bayan piano keyboard, kuma a waje da shi.

A cikin 1967-1968, kamfanin rikodin, wanda Michelangeli ke da alaƙa da wasu wajibai na kuɗi, ba zato ba tsammani ya ɓace. Ma'aikacin kotu ya kwace kadarorin mawakin. "Michelangeli yana da hadarin barin shi ba tare da rufin kansa ba," in ji jaridar Italiya a kwanakin nan. “Mawakan piano, wanda akansa yake ci gaba da neman kamala, ba nasa bane. Kamun ya kuma shafi samun kudin shiga daga wasannin wake-wake da zai yi a nan gaba."

Michelangeli cikin zafin rai, ba tare da jiran taimako ba, ya bar Italiya ya zauna a Switzerland a Lugano. A can ya rayu har mutuwarsa a ranar 12 ga Yuni, 1995. Waƙoƙin da ya yi ba da daɗewa ba. Yana buga wasa a kasashen Turai daban-daban, bai sake buga wasa a Italiya ba.

Mutumin nan mai girma da kauri na Benedetti Michelangeli, babu shakka babban dan wasan piano na Italiya a tsakiyar karni namu, ya tashi kamar kololuwa kadai a cikin tsaunin tsaunuka na kattai na pianism na duniya. Gabaɗayan bayyanarsa a kan matakin yana haskaka damuwa mai ban tausayi da rabuwa daga duniya. Babu matsayi, babu wasan kwaikwayo, ba sha'awa ga masu sauraro da murmushi, ba godiya ga tafi bayan wasan kwaikwayo. Ba ya lura da tafawa: manufarsa ta cika. Waƙar da ta haɗa shi da mutane ta daina ƙara, kuma tuntuɓar ta daina. Wani lokaci ma sai ya ga kamar masu sauraren ma sun yi masa katsalandan, suna harzuka shi.

Babu wanda, watakila, ya yi kadan don zubawa da kuma "gabatar" kansa a cikin kiɗan da aka yi, kamar yadda Benedetti Michelangeli. Kuma a lokaci guda - cikin rashin fahimta - mutane kaɗan ne ke barin irin wannan tambarin halin mutum wanda ba za a iya sharewa ba a kowane yanki da suke yi, a kan kowane jumla da kowane sauti, kamar yadda yake yi. Wasan sa yana burgewa da rashin inganci, karko, cikakken tunani da gamawa; zai zama alama cewa kashi na improvisation, mamaki ne gaba daya baki zuwa gare ta - duk abin da aka yi aiki a cikin shekaru da yawa, duk abin da aka ma'ana soldered, duk abin da zai iya zama kawai wannan hanya da kuma bã kõme ba.

To amma me ya sa wannan wasan ke kamo mai saurare, ya sa shi cikin tafiyarsa, kamar a gabansa a kan dandalin ana sake haifar da aikin, haka kuma, a karon farko?!

Inuwar wani bala'i, wani nau'in kaddarar da babu makawa ta mamaye hazakar Michelangeli, tana lullube duk abin da yatsunsa suka taba. Yana da kyau a kwatanta Chopin nasa da Chopin iri ɗaya da wasu suka yi - manyan ƴan pian; yana da kyau a saurari abin da wasan kwaikwayo mai zurfi na Grieg ya bayyana a cikinsa - wanda ke haskakawa da kyau da kuma waƙoƙin waƙa a cikin sauran abokan aikinsa, don jin, kusan ganin da idanunku wannan inuwa, mai ban mamaki, mai canzawa. kidan kanta. Kuma Farkon Tchaikovsky, na huɗu na Rachmaninoff - yaya wannan ya bambanta da duk abin da kuka ji a baya?! Shin wani abin mamaki ne bayan wannan cewa ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun piano DA Rabinovich, wanda mai yiwuwa ya ji duk masu wasan pian na ƙarni, da ya ji Benedetti Michelangeli a kan mataki, ya yarda; "Ban taɓa saduwa da mai wasan piano irin wannan ba, irin rubutun hannu, irin wannan ɗabi'a - na ban mamaki, kuma mai zurfi, kuma mai ban sha'awa - ban taɓa haɗuwa da rayuwata ba"…

Sake karanta da dama na articles da kuma sake dubawa game da Italiyanci artist, rubuta a Moscow da kuma Paris, London da Prague, New York da Vienna, da ban mamaki sau da yawa, ba makawa za ka zo a fadin kalma daya - daya sihiri kalmar, kamar dai ƙaddara don sanin matsayinsa a cikin duniyar fasahar fassarar zamani. , shine kamala. Lallai, kalma ce madaidaiciya. Michelangeli jarumi ne na gaskiya na kamala, yana ƙoƙari don manufa na jituwa da kyau a duk rayuwarsa da kowane minti a piano, yana kaiwa tsayi kuma yana rashin gamsuwa da abin da ya samu. Cikakke yana cikin nagarta, a cikin tsayuwar niyya, cikin kyawun sauti, cikin jituwar gaba ɗaya.

Kwatanta mai wasan pian tare da babban mai zane na Renaissance Raphael, D. Rabinovich ya rubuta: "Ka'idar Raphael ce da aka zuba a cikin fasaharsa kuma ta ƙayyade mafi mahimmancin siffofi. Wannan wasan, wanda aka kwatanta da farko ta kamala - wanda ba a iya gani ba, wanda ba a iya fahimta ba. Yana sa kansa ya san ko'ina. Dabarar Michelangeli na ɗaya daga cikin mafi ban mamaki da aka taɓa wanzuwa. An kawo shi zuwa iyakar yiwuwar, ba a nufin "girgiza", "murkushe". Tana da kyau. Yana haifar da ni'ima, jin sha'awa ga kyakkyawar kyakkyawar pianism mai jituwa… Michelangeli bai san wani shinge ba ko dai a cikin fasaha irin wannan ko kuma a cikin yanayin launi. Komai yana ƙarƙashinsa, yana iya yin duk abin da yake so, kuma wannan na'ura mara iyaka, wannan kamala ta kamala tana ƙarƙashin aiki ɗaya kawai - don cimma kamalar ciki. Na karshen, duk da ga alama na gargajiya sauki da tattalin arziki na magana, impeccable dabaru da fassarar ra'ayi, ba a cikin sauki gane. Lokacin da na saurari Michelangeli, da farko ya zama kamar ni cewa yana wasa mafi kyau lokaci zuwa lokaci. Sai na gane cewa daga lokaci zuwa lokaci ya fi ja ni da ƙarfi zuwa cikin sararin duniyarsa mai zurfi, mai zurfi, mai sarƙaƙƙiya. Ayyukan Michelangeli na da bukata. Tana jira a saurare ta a hankali, cikin tashin hankali. Haka ne, waɗannan kalmomi sun bayyana da yawa, amma abin da ya fi ba zato ba tsammani shi ne kalmomin ɗan wasan da kansa: “Cikakken kalma ce da ban taɓa fahimta ba. Kammala yana nufin iyakancewa, muguwar da'ira. Wani abu kuma shine juyin halitta. Amma babban abu shine girmamawa ga marubucin. Wannan ba yana nufin mutum ya kwafi bayanan ya sake buga waɗannan kwafin ta hanyar aikin mutum ba, a'a ya kamata a yi ƙoƙari ya fassara manufar marubucin, kuma kada ya sanya waƙarsa a cikin hidimar manufofin kansa.

To menene ma'anar wannan juyin halitta da mawakin yayi magana akai? A akai-akai kusantar ruhu da harafin abin da aka halitta ta mawaki? A cikin ci gaba, "tsawon rai" na cin nasara kan kansa, wanda azabar da mai sauraro ke ji sosai? Wataƙila a cikin wannan ma. Amma kuma a cikin wannan hasashe da ba makawa na hazakar mutum, karfin ruhin mutum kan kidan da ake yi, wanda wani lokaci yana iya daukaka ta zuwa wani matsayi da ba a taba ganin irinsa ba, wani lokaci kuma yana ba ta wani muhimmanci fiye da na asali da ke cikinta. Wannan ya kasance sau ɗaya tare da Rachmaninoff, kawai ɗan pianist wanda Michelangeli ya durƙusa, kuma wannan ya faru da shi da kansa, ka ce, tare da B. Galuppi's Sonata a C Major ko yawancin sonata na D. Scarlatti.

Sau da yawa za ku iya jin ra'ayin cewa Michelangeli, kamar yadda yake, ya keɓance wani nau'in pianist na karni na XNUMX - zamanin injin a cikin ci gaban ɗan adam, ɗan pianist wanda ba shi da wurin yin wahayi, don haɓakar ƙirƙira. Wannan ra'ayi ya sami magoya baya a cikin kasarmu ma. Don yawon shakatawa na mai zane ya burge shi, GM Kogan ya rubuta: “Hanyar kirkire-kirkire na Michelangeli shine naman naman ‘zaman rikodi’; wasan piano na Italiya ya dace daidai da bukatunta. Saboda haka sha'awar "ɗari bisa ɗari" daidaito, kamala, cikakkiyar rashin kuskure, wanda ke nuna wannan wasan, amma har ma da yanke hukunci na ƙananan abubuwan haɗari, abubuwan da suka faru a cikin "wanda ba a sani ba", abin da G. Neuhaus ya kira daidai "daidaitawa" na yi. Ya bambanta da 'yan pianists na romantic, a ƙarƙashin yatsunsu aikin da kansa ya halicce shi nan da nan, an haife shi sabo, Michelangeli ba ya haifar da wasan kwaikwayo a kan mataki: duk abin da ke nan an halicce shi a gaba, aunawa da auna, jefa sau ɗaya kuma ga kowa a cikin wani abu marar lalacewa. m tsari. Daga wannan sigar da aka gama, mai yin wasan kwaikwayon, tare da mai da hankali da kulawa, ya ninka ta ninki, ya cire mayafin, kuma wani mutum-mutumi mai ban mamaki ya bayyana a gabanmu cikin kamalar marmara.

Babu shakka, kashi na spontaneity, spontaneity a cikin wasan na Michelangeli ba ya nan. Amma wannan yana nufin cewa an samu kammala cikin gida sau ɗaya a kowane lokaci, a gida, a cikin aikin ofis na shiru, kuma duk abin da aka ba wa jama'a wani nau'i ne na kwafi daga samfurin guda ɗaya? Amma ta yaya za a iya kwafi, komai kyawun su da kamala, da sake haifar da fargaba a cikin masu sauraro - kuma wannan yana faruwa shekaru da yawa?! Ta yaya mai zane yana kwafi kansa shekara bayan shekara zai kasance a saman?! Kuma, a ƙarshe, me ya sa a lokacin cewa "mai rikodin pianist" na yau da kullum da wuya kuma ba tare da son rai ba, tare da irin wannan wahala, rikodin, me yasa har yau bayanansa ba su da mahimmanci idan aka kwatanta da bayanan wasu, ƙananan 'yan pianists "na al'ada"?

Ba abu mai sauƙi ba ne don amsa duk waɗannan tambayoyin, don warware kaciyar Michelangeli har zuwa ƙarshe. Kowa ya yarda cewa muna da a gabanmu mafi girma mawaƙin piano. Amma wani abu kuma a bayyane yake: ainihin ma'anar fasaharsa ita ce, ba tare da barin masu sauraro ba, yana iya raba su zuwa mabiya da abokan adawa, zuwa wadanda ruhin mai zanen da basirarsa ke kusa da su, da kuma wadanda suke kusa da su. shi baƙo ne. A kowane hali, wannan fasaha ba za a iya kiransa elitist ba. Mai ladabi - i, amma fitattu - a'a! Mai zane ba ya nufin yin magana kawai tare da manyan mutane, yana "magana" kamar kansa, kuma mai sauraro - mai sauraron yana da 'yanci don yarda da sha'awar ko jayayya - amma har yanzu yana sha'awar shi. Ba shi yiwuwa ba a saurari muryar Michelangeli - irin wannan shi ne m, m ikon iyawa.

Wataƙila amsar tambayoyi da yawa tana cikin kalmominsa: “Bai kamata ɗan wasan piano ya faɗi abin da yake so ba. Babban abu, mafi mahimmanci, shine jin ruhun mawaƙa. Na yi ƙoƙari na haɓaka da ilmantar da wannan darajar a cikin ɗalibai na. Matsalolin da ke tattare da samarin masu fasaha na yanzu shine cewa sun mayar da hankali ga bayyana ra'ayoyinsu gaba daya. Kuma wannan shi ne tarko: da zarar ka fada cikinsa, sai ka tsinci kanka a cikin matacciyar karshen da babu mafita. Babban abu ga mawaƙa mai yin waƙa shine haɗuwa da tunani da tunanin mutumin da ya ƙirƙiri kiɗan. Koyan kiɗa shine farkon. Haƙiƙanin halin ɗan wasan pian yana fara bayyana kansa ne kawai lokacin da ya zo cikin zurfin tunani da sadarwa ta tunani tare da mawaki. Za mu iya magana game da kerawa na kiɗa kawai idan mawaƙin ya ƙware sosai a pianist… Ba na yin wasa don wasu - don kaina kawai da kuma saboda hidimar mawaƙa. Babu wani bambanci a gare ni ko buga wa jama'a ko a'a. Lokacin da na zauna a madannai, duk abin da ke kewaye da ni ya daina wanzuwa. Ina tunani game da abin da nake wasa, game da sautin da nake yi, domin yana da tasiri na hankali."

Asiri, asiri ba wai kawai fasahar Michelangeli ba; Yawancin labaran soyayya suna da alaƙa da tarihin rayuwarsa. “Ni ɗan Slav ne ta asali, aƙalla wani barbashi na jinin Slavic yana gudana a cikin jijiyata, kuma na ɗauki Austria a matsayin ƙasara ta haihuwa. Kuna iya kiran ni Slav ta haihuwa da kuma dan Austriya ta al'ada, "Mai wasan pian, wanda aka sani a duk duniya a matsayin babban malamin Italiya, wanda aka haife shi a Brescia kuma ya shafe yawancin rayuwarsa a Italiya, ya taba gaya wa wani wakilin.

Hanyarsa ba ta cika da wardi ba. Da ya fara karatun kiɗa yana ɗan shekara 4, ya yi mafarkin zama ɗan wasan violin har ya kai shekaru 10, amma bayan ciwon huhu ya kamu da cutar tarin fuka kuma an tilasta masa ya “sake horarwa” akan piano, tunda yawancin ƙungiyoyin da ke da alaƙa da buga violin sun kasance. contraindicated a gare shi. Duk da haka, violin da gabobin (“Maganar sauti na,” in ji shi, “bai kamata mu yi magana game da piano ba, amma game da haɗin gabobi da violin”), a cewarsa, sun taimaka masa ya sami hanyarsa. Tuni yana da shekaru 14, saurayi ya sauke karatu daga Conservatory na Milan, inda ya yi karatu tare da Farfesa Giovanni Anfossi (kuma a hanya ya yi karatun likitanci na dogon lokaci).

A shekara ta 1938 ya sami kyauta ta bakwai a gasar kasa da kasa a Brussels. Yanzu ana rubuta wannan sau da yawa a matsayin "rashin kasawa", "kuskuren kuskure na juri", manta da cewa dan wasan pian na Italiya yana da shekaru 17 kawai, wanda ya fara gwada hannunsa a irin wannan gasa mai wahala, inda abokan hamayyar suka kasance na musamman. mai karfi: da yawa daga cikinsu kuma sun zama taurari na farkon girma. Amma bayan shekaru biyu, Michelangeli cikin sauƙi ya zama wanda ya lashe gasar Geneva kuma ya sami damar fara aiki mai ban sha'awa, idan yakin bai tsoma baki ba. Mai zane ba ya tunawa da waɗannan shekarun da sauri, amma an san cewa ya kasance mai taka rawa a cikin gwagwarmayar Resistance, ya tsere daga kurkukun Jamus, ya zama mai ban sha'awa, kuma ya ƙware a aikin matukin jirgi na soja.

Lokacin da harbe-harbe suka mutu, Michelangeli yana da shekaru 25; Mawaƙin pian ɗin ya rasa 5 daga cikinsu a cikin shekarun yaƙi, ƙarin 3 - a cikin gidan jinya inda aka yi masa jinyar tarin fuka. Amma yanzu bege mai haske ya buɗe a gabansa. Duk da haka, Michelangeli ya yi nisa da nau'in wasan kwaikwayo na zamani; ko da yaushe shakku, rashin tabbas da kansa. Da kyar ya “yi daidai” a cikin “conveyor” na zamaninmu. Ya kwashe shekaru yana koyon sabbin abubuwa, yana soke wasannin kide-kide kowane lokaci (masu zaginsa sun ce ya soke fiye da yadda ya buga). Bayar da kulawa ta musamman ga ingancin sauti, mai zane ya fi son yin tafiya tare da piano da madaidaicin nasa na dogon lokaci, wanda ya haifar da haushin masu gudanarwa da maganganun ban tsoro a cikin manema labarai. A sakamakon haka, ya lalata dangantaka da 'yan kasuwa, da kamfanonin rikodin, da 'yan jarida. Ana ta yada jita-jita na ban dariya game da shi, kuma ana sanya masa suna na mutum ne mai wuyar sha'ani, mai ban sha'awa da rashin fahimta.

A halin yanzu, wannan mutumin ba ya ganin wata manufa a gabansa, sai dai hidimar fasaha na rashin son kai. Tafiya tare da piano da mai kunnawa ya kashe masa kuɗi mai yawa; amma yana ba da kide-kide da yawa kawai don taimaka wa matasa masu pians samun cikakken ilimi. Yana jagorantar darussan piano a ɗakunan ajiya na Bologna da Venice, yana gudanar da taron karawa juna sani na shekara-shekara a Arezzo, yana shirya nasa makarantar a Bergamo da Bolzano, inda ba wai kawai ya karɓi kuɗin karatunsa ba, har ma yana biyan tallafin karatu ga ɗalibai; shirya kuma shekaru da yawa yana gudanar da bukukuwan fasahar piano na kasa da kasa, daga cikin wadanda suka halarci taron su ne manyan 'yan wasa daga kasashe daban-daban, ciki har da dan wasan piano na Soviet Yakov Flier.

Michelangeli ba tare da son rai ba, "ta hanyar karfi" ana yin rikodin, kodayake kamfanoni suna bin sa da mafi kyawun tayi. A cikin rabin na biyu na 60s, wani rukuni na 'yan kasuwa ya jawo shi a cikin kungiyar na kansa Enterprise BDM-Polyfon, wanda ya kamata ya saki da records. Amma kasuwanci ba na Michelangeli ba ne, kuma nan da nan kamfanin ya yi fatara, kuma tare da shi mai zane. Abin da ya sa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan bai taka leda a Italiya ba, wanda ya kasa godiya da "ɗansa mai wuyar gaske". Ba ya wasa a Amurka ko dai, inda ruhun kasuwanci ke mulki, baƙo a gare shi. Mai zane kuma ya daina koyarwa. Yana zaune a wani katafaren gida a garin Lugano na kasar Switzerland, inda ya karya wannan gudun hijira na son rai tare da yawon bude ido - da yawa ba kasafai ba, tunda kadan ne daga cikin wadanda suka yi yunkurin kulla yarjejeniya da shi, kuma cututtuka ba su bar shi ba. Amma kowanne daga cikin kide-kide (mafi sau da yawa a Prague ko Vienna) jũya a cikin wani abin da ba za a iya mantawa da shi ga masu sauraro, da kuma kowane sabon rikodi ya tabbatar da cewa artist ta m iko ba ya rage: kawai sauraron biyu kundin Debussy ta Preludes, kama a 1978-1979.

A cikin "neman lokacin da ya ɓace," Michelangeli tsawon shekaru dole ne ya ɗan canza ra'ayinsa game da repertoire. Jama'a, a cikin kalamansa, "sun hana shi yiwuwar bincike"; idan a farkon shekarunsa ya yarda ya kunna kiɗan zamani, yanzu ya mai da hankali kan abubuwan da yake so musamman akan kiɗan na ƙarni na XNUMX da farkon ƙarni na XNUMX. Amma repertoire ne mafi bambancin fiye da alama ga mutane da yawa: Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, Schumann, Chopin, Rachmaninov, Brahms, Liszt, Ravel, Debussy suna wakilta a cikin shirye-shiryen da kide kide, sonatas, hawan keke, dada.

Duk wadannan yanayi, don haka raɗaɗi gane da sauƙi m psyche na artist, ba a wani bangare wani ƙarin key to ya juyayi da kuma ladabi art, taimaka wajen fahimtar inda cewa m inuwa da dama, wanda yake da wuya ba ji a cikin wasan. Amma hali na Michelangeli ba koyaushe ya dace da tsarin hoton "mai girman kai da bakin ciki ba", wanda ke cikin tunanin wasu.

A'a, ya san yadda ake zama mai sauƙi, farin ciki da abokantaka, wanda yawancin abokan aikinsa zasu iya fada game da shi, ya san yadda za a ji dadin saduwa da jama'a kuma ya tuna da wannan farin ciki. Ganawa tare da masu sauraron Soviet a 1964 ya kasance irin wannan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya mai haske a gare shi. "A can, a gabashin Turai," in ji daga baya, "abinci na ruhaniya har yanzu yana nufin fiye da abincin abin duniya: yana da ban sha'awa sosai don yin wasa a can, masu sauraro suna buƙatar cikakken sadaukarwa daga gare ku." Kuma wannan shine ainihin abin da mai fasaha ke buƙata, kamar iska.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya., 1990