Золтан Кодай (Zoltan Kodály) |

Zoltán Kodaly

Fasaharsa ta mamaye wani wuri na musamman a cikin kiɗan zamani saboda abubuwan da suka haɗa shi tare da mafi kyawun halayen wakoki na ruhun Hungary: waƙoƙin jaruntaka, wadatar fantasy na gabas, taƙaitacciya da horo na furci, kuma galibi godiya ga fure mai ban sha'awa. na wakoki. B. Sabolchi

Z. Kodály, fitaccen mawaƙin ƙasar Hungary kuma masanin kida-folklorist, ya haɗu da ayyukan kirkire-kirkire da kide-kide da kade-kade da zamantakewa tare da makomar tarihin al'ummar Hungarian, tare da gwagwarmayar haɓaka al'adun ƙasa. Shekaru da yawa na ayyukan Kodály masu fa'ida da fa'ida sun kasance suna da matuƙar mahimmanci ga samuwar makarantar mawaƙa ta Hungary ta zamani. Kamar B. Bartok, Kodály ya ƙirƙiri salon rubutunsa a kan aiwatar da ƙirƙira mafi kyawun halaye da al'adun gargajiya na ƙauyen Hungarian, haɗe da hanyoyin zamani na maganganun kiɗa.

Kodai ya fara karatun kiɗa a ƙarƙashin jagorancin mahaifiyarsa, yana shiga cikin maraice na gargajiya na iyali. A 1904 ya sauke karatu daga Budapest Academy of Music da diploma a matsayin mawaki. Kodály kuma ya sami ilimin jami'a (adabi, kyawawan halaye, ilimin harshe). Daga 1905 ya fara tattara da kuma nazarin waƙoƙin jama'ar Hungary. Sanin Bartok ya zama abokantaka mai ƙarfi na dogon lokaci da haɗin gwiwar kirkire-kirkire a fagen tarihin kimiyya. Bayan kammala karatunsa, Kodály ya tafi Berlin da Paris (1906-07), inda ya karanta al'adun kiɗa na Yammacin Turai. A cikin 1907-19. Kodály farfesa ne a Budapest Academy of Music (aji na ka'idar, abun da ke ciki). A cikin wadannan shekaru, ayyukansa suna gudana a wurare da yawa: yana rubuta waƙa; ya ci gaba da tattarawa da nazari na al'adun gargajiya na mutanen Hungary, yana bayyana a cikin 'yan jarida a matsayin masanin kide-kide kuma mai suka, kuma yana taka rawa sosai a cikin rayuwar kida da zamantakewar kasar. A cikin rubuce-rubucen Kodaly a cikin 1910s. - piano da vocal cycles, quartets, chamber instrumental ensembles - organically hade al'adun gargajiya na gargajiya, aiwatar da ayyukan kirkire-kirkire na al'adun gargajiya na mutanen Hungary da sabbin abubuwan zamani a fagen yaren kida. Ayyukansa suna karɓar kima masu cin karo da juna daga masu suka da kuma al'ummar kaɗe-kaɗe na Hungary. Bangaren masu ra'ayin mazan jiya na masu sauraro da masu suka suna gani a Kodai kawai rugujewar al'adu ne. ƙwararren gwanin gwaji, kuma ƴan mawaƙa masu hangen nesa ne kawai ke danganta makomar sabuwar makarantar Hungarian da sunansa.

A lokacin da aka kafa Jamhuriyar Hungarian (1919), Kodály ya kasance mataimakin darekta na Makarantar Sakandare ta Fasaha ta Jiha mai suna bayan. F. Liszt (hakan ne aka canza sunan Cibiyar Kiɗa); tare da Bartók da E. Dohnanyi, ya zama memba na Directory Musical, wanda ke da nufin canza rayuwar kiɗan ƙasar. Don wannan aiki a ƙarƙashin mulkin Horthy, Kodály ya tsananta kuma an dakatar da shi na tsawon shekaru 2 daga makaranta (ya sake koyar da abun da ke ciki a 1921-40). 20-30s – babban ranar aikin Kodály, ya ƙirƙira ayyukan da suka kawo masa suna a duniya: “Zabura ta Hungary” don mawaƙa, ƙungiyar makaɗa da soloist (1923); opera Sekey Spinning Mill (1924, 2nd edition 1932); wasan opera mai ban dariya Hari Janos (1926). "Te Deum na Buda Castle" don mawaƙa, mawaƙa, ƙungiyar mawaƙa da ƙungiyar mawaƙa (1936); Concerto na makada (1939); "Rawa daga Marošsek" (1930) da "Dances daga Talent" (1939) don ƙungiyar makaɗa, da dai sauransu A lokaci guda, Kodai ya ci gaba da ayyukan bincike na aiki a fagen tarihin. Ya bunkasa tsarinsa na ilimin kida da ilimi da yawa, wanda tushensa shi ne fahimtar wakokin jama'a tun yana karami, ya shanye ta a matsayin yaren kide-kide na asali. Hanyar Kodály ta kasance sananne kuma an haɓaka ba kawai a Hungary ba, har ma a wasu ƙasashe da yawa. Shi ne marubucin 200 littattafai, articles, koyarwa taimako, ciki har da monograph Hungarian Folk Music (1937, fassara zuwa Rasha). Kodály kuma shi ne shugaban Majalisar Kiɗan Jama'a ta Duniya (1963-67).

Shekaru da yawa, Kodály ya kasance mai ƙwazo. Daga cikin ayyukansa na bayan yakin, opera Zinka Panna (1948), Symphony (1961), da cantata Kalai Kettesh (1950) sun yi suna. Kodály kuma ya yi a matsayin jagora tare da wasan kwaikwayon nasa ayyukan. Ya ziyarci kasashe da yawa, ya ziyarci USSR sau biyu (1947, 1963).

Da yake kwatanta aikin Kodály, abokinsa kuma abokin aikinsa Bela Bartok ya rubuta: “Wadannan ayyukan ikirari ne na ruhun Hungarian. A zahiri, an bayyana wannan ta gaskiyar cewa aikin Kodály ya samo asali ne kawai a cikin kiɗan gargajiya na Hungarian. Dalili na ciki shine bangaskiya marar iyaka ta Kodai ga ikon halitta na mutanensa da makomarsu.

A. Malinkovskaya