Osip Antonovich Kozlovsky |

Osip Kozlovsky

Ranar 28 ga Afrilu, 1791, fiye da baƙi dubu uku sun zo gidan sarauta na Tauride na Prince Potemkin a St. Petersburg. Jama'a masu daraja, karkashin jagorancin Empress Catherine II da kanta, sun taru a nan a lokacin gagarumin nasarar da babban kwamandan A. Suvorov ya yi a yakin Rasha-Turkiyya - kame sansanin Izmail. An gayyaci masu zane-zane, masu fasaha, mawaƙa, mawaƙa don shirya bikin mai girma. Shahararren G. Derzhavin ya rubuta, wanda G. Potemkin ya ba da izini, "waƙoƙi don rera waƙa a bikin." Shahararren mawaƙin kotu, ɗan Faransa Le Pic, ya shirya raye-raye. Abubuwan da ke tattare da kiɗa da jagorancin ƙungiyar mawaƙa da ƙungiyar mawaƙa an ba su amana ga wani mawaƙin da ba a san shi ba O. Kozlovsky, ɗan takara a yakin Rasha-Turkiyya. "Da zaran manyan maziyartan sun shirya zama a kan kujerun da aka shirya musu, sai kwatsam murya da kade-kade suka yi aradu, wanda ya kunshi mutane dari uku." Wata babbar ƙungiyar mawaƙa da makaɗa sun rera “Thunder of nasara, resound.” Polonaise ya yi tasiri mai ƙarfi. Babban farin ciki ya taso ba kawai daga kyawawan ayoyi na Derzhavin ba, har ma da maɗaukaki, mai haske, cike da kiɗa na jubilation, marubucin wanda shine Osip Kozlovsky - wannan matashin jami'in, dan sanda na kasa, wanda ya isa St. Yarima Potemkin kansa. Daga wannan maraice, sunan Kozlovsky ya zama sananne a babban birnin kasar, da kuma polonaise "Thunder na nasara, resound" ya zama Rasha waƙar na dogon lokaci. Wanene wannan mawaki mai basira wanda ya sami gida na biyu a Rasha, marubucin kyawawan polonaises, waƙoƙi, kiɗa na wasan kwaikwayo?

An haifi Kozlovsky a cikin dangin daraja na Poland. Tarihi bai adana bayanai game da farkon, lokacin Yaren mutanen Poland na rayuwarsa ba. Ba a san su waye iyayensa ba. Sunayen malamansa na farko, wadanda suka ba shi makarantar koyar da sana’a, ba su zo mana ba. Practical ayyuka na Kozlovsky ya fara a cikin Warsaw Church of St. Jan, inda matasa musician yi aiki a matsayin organist da mawaƙa. A 1773 an gayyace shi a matsayin malamin kiɗa ga 'ya'yan jami'in diplomasiyyar Poland Andrzej Ogiński. (Dalibinsa Michal Kleofas Oginsky daga baya ya zama sanannen mawaki.) A 1786 Kozlovsky ya shiga cikin sojojin Rasha. Yarima Potemkin ya lura da matashin jami'in. Kyakkyawan bayyanar, basira, murya mai dadi na Kozlovsky ya jawo hankalin duk wanda ke kewaye da shi. A wannan lokacin, sanannen mawaƙin Italiyanci J. Sarti, mai shirya nishaɗin kiɗan da yarima ke ƙauna, yana hidimar Potemkin. Kozlovsky kuma ya shiga cikin su, yana yin waƙoƙinsa da polonaises. Bayan mutuwar Potemkin, ya sami sabon majiɓinci a cikin mutum na St. Petersburg philanthropist Count L. Naryshkin, mai girma son art. Kozlovsky ya zauna a gidansa a kan Moika shekaru da yawa. Celebrities daga babban birnin kasar sun kasance a nan kullum: mawaƙa G. Derzhavin da N. Lvov, mawaƙa I. Prach da V. Trutovsky (masu hadawa na farko na tarin waƙoƙin gargajiya na Rasha), Sarti, violinist I. Khandoshkin da sauransu da yawa.

Kash! – Wannan shine jahannama Inda gine-gine, ɗanɗano kayan ado suka burge duk ’yan kallo Kuma inda, a ƙarƙashin waƙoƙin kiɗa na muses Kozlovsky ya burge da sauti! -

ya rubuta, yana tunawa da maraice na kiɗa a Naryshkin, mawallafin Derzhavin. A 1796, Kozlovsky ya yi ritaya, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin music ya zama babban sana'a. An riga an san shi sosai a St. Petersburg. Ya polonaises tsawa a kotu bukukuwa; ko'ina suna rera wakokinsa na "Rashanci" (wato sunan soyayya bisa baitukan mawakan Rasha). Yawancin su, irin su "Ina so in zama tsuntsu", "Mummunan makoma", "Kudan zuma" (Art. Derzhavin), sun shahara musamman. Kozlovsky ya kasance daya daga cikin masu kirkiro soyayya na Rasha (masu zamani sun kira shi mahaliccin sabon nau'in waƙoƙin Rasha). Nasan wadannan wakokin da M. Glinka. A shekara ta 1823, da ya isa Novospasskoye, ya koya wa ƙawarsa Lyudmila waƙar Kozlovsky ta zamani "Golden bee, me ya sa kake buzzing". "... Ya ji daɗin yadda na rera ta..." - L. Shestakova ya tuna daga baya.

A shekara ta 1798, Kozlovsky ya kirkiro wani babban aikin mawaƙa - Requiem, wanda aka yi a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu a cocin Katolika na St. Petersburg a bikin binne Sarkin Poland Stanislav August Poniatowski.

A 1799, Kozlovsky ya samu matsayi na inspector, sa'an nan, daga 1803, darektan music na daular sinimomi. Sanin yanayin fasaha, tare da mawallafin wasan kwaikwayo na Rasha ya sa shi ya juya zuwa tsara kiɗan wasan kwaikwayo. Ya burge shi da salon bala'i mai girma na Rasha wanda ya yi mulki a kan mataki a farkon karni na 8. Anan zai iya nuna gwanintarsa ​​mai ban mamaki. Kiɗa na Kozlovsky, cike da jaruntaka masu jaruntaka, ya ƙarfafa hankulan jarumawa masu ban tausayi. Muhimmiyar rawa a cikin bala'in na ƙungiyar makaɗa ne. Lambobin sifofi kawai (overtures, intermissions), tare da ƙungiyar mawaƙa, sun kafa tushen rakiyar kiɗan. Kozlovsky ya kirkiro kiɗa don "jarumta-m" bala'i na V. Ozerov ("Oedipus a Athens" da "Fingal"), Y. Knyazhnin ("Vladisan"), A. Shakhovsky ("Deborah") da A. Gruzintsev (" Oedipus Rex ”), zuwa bala’in ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Faransa J. Racine (a cikin fassarar Rashanci ta P. Katenin) “Esther”. Mafi kyawun aikin Kozlovsky a cikin wannan nau'in shine kiɗa don bala'in Ozerov "Fingal". Mawallafin wasan kwaikwayo da mawaƙa ta hanyoyi da yawa sun yi hasashen nau'ikan wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya a nan gaba a cikinsa. Tsananin launi na Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Scotland (mummunan bala'in ya dogara ne akan makircin waƙoƙin waƙoƙin almara na Celtic Bard Ossian game da jarumi Fingal jaruntaka) Kozlovsky ya fayyace shi sosai a cikin sassan kiɗa daban-daban - overture, intermissions, mawaka, ballet scenes, melodrama. An fara farawa na bala'i "Fingal" a watan Disamba 1805, XNUMX a St. Petersburg Bolshoi Theater. Wasan kwaikwayon ya burge masu sauraro tare da alatu na tsarawa, kyawawan waƙoƙin Ozerov. Mafi kyawun 'yan wasan kwaikwayo masu ban tausayi sun taka rawa a ciki.

Kozlovsky sabis a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na daular ya ci gaba har zuwa 1819, lokacin da mawaki, ya buge da rashin lafiya mai tsanani, ya tilasta yin ritaya. Komawa cikin 1815, tare da D. Bortnyansky da sauran manyan mawaƙa na wancan lokacin, Kozlovsky ya zama memba na girmamawa na St. Petersburg Philharmonic Society. An adana ƙananan bayanai game da shekarun ƙarshe na rayuwar mawaƙin. An san cewa a cikin 1822-23. Ya ziyarci Poland tare da 'yarsa, amma ba ya so ya zauna a can: Petersburg ya dade tun zama garinsa. "Sunan Kozlovsky yana da alaƙa da abubuwan tunawa da yawa, mai daɗi ga zuciyar Rasha," in ji marubucin mutuwar a Sankt-Peterburgskiye Vedomosti. "An taɓa jin sautin kiɗan da Kozlovsky ya tsara a cikin gidajen sarauta, a cikin ɗakunan manyan mutane da kuma a cikin gidajen matsakaicin yanayi. Wane ne bai sani ba, wanda bai ji maɗaukakiyar polonaise tare da mawaƙa ba: "Tsarin nasara, sauti" zinariya fuka-fuki”… Dukan tsara suna rera waƙa kuma yanzu suna raira waƙoƙi da yawa Kozlovsky, wanda ya haɗa shi zuwa kalmomin Y. Neledinsky-Meletsky. Rashin kishiyoyi. Baya ga Count Oginsky, a cikin abubuwan da aka tsara na polonaises da waƙoƙin jama'a, Kozlovsky ya sami amincewar masu fafutuka da manyan abubuwan haɗin gwiwa. … Osip Antonovich Kozlovsky mutum ne mai kirki, mai shiru, mai dorewa cikin dangantakar abokantaka, kuma ya bar baya da kyakkyawan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. Sunansa zai zama wurin girmamawa a cikin tarihin kiɗan Rasha. Mawakan Rasha kaɗan ne gabaɗaya, kuma OA Kozlovsky yana tsaye a layin gaba a tsakaninsu.

A. Sokolova