Chicago Symphony Orchestra |

Mawakan Symphony na Chicago

An san ƙungiyar makaɗa ta Symphony ta Chicago a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙungiyar makaɗa na zamaninmu. Ayyukan CSO suna da matukar buƙata ba kawai a ƙasarsa ba, har ma a manyan wuraren kiɗa na duniya. A cikin watan Satumba na 2010, sanannen madugu ɗan ƙasar Italiya Riccardo Muti ya zama darektan kiɗa na goma na CSO. Hasashensa game da rawar ƙungiyar makaɗa: zurfafa hulɗa tare da masu sauraron Chicago, tallafawa sabon ƙarni na mawaƙa, da haɗin gwiwa tare da manyan masu fasaha duk alamu ne na sabon zamani ga ƙungiyar. Mawaƙin Faransanci kuma shugaba Pierre Boulez, wanda dangantakarsa ta daɗe da CSO ta ba da gudummawa ga naɗinsa a matsayin Babban Jagoran Baƙi a 1995, an nada shi Babban Darakta na Gidauniyar Helen Rubinstein a 2006.

Tare da haɗin gwiwar mashahuran masu gudanarwa na duniya da masu fasahar baƙi, CSO tana yin kide-kide sama da 150 a shekara a Cibiyar Chicago, Cibiyar Symphony, da kowane lokacin rani a Bikin Ravinia a Arewacin Shore na Chicago. Ta hanyar da aka sadaukar da manhajarta, "Cibiyar Koyo, Samun dama, da Horowa," CSO tana jan hankalin mazauna yankin Chicago sama da 200.000 a kowace shekara. An ƙaddamar da shirye-shiryen kafofin watsa labarai guda uku masu nasara a cikin 2007: CSO-Resound (tambarin ƙungiyar makaɗa don sakin CD da zazzagewar dijital), watsa shirye-shiryen ƙasa tare da sabbin watsa shirye-shiryen mako-mako na abubuwan da suke samarwa, da faɗaɗa kasancewar CSO akan Intanet - zazzagewar ƙungiyar makaɗa kyauta. bidiyo da sabbin gabatarwa.

A cikin Janairu 2010, Yo-Yo Ma ya zama farkon mai ba da shawara ga Judson & Joyce Green Foundation, wanda Riccardo Muti ya nada na tsawon shekaru uku. A cikin wannan rawar, shi abokin tarayya ne mai kima ga Maestro Muti, gwamnatin CSO da mawaƙa, kuma ta hanyar fasaharsa mara misaltuwa da ikonsa na musamman don haɗawa da wasu, Yo-Yo Ma, tare da Muti, ya zama abin ƙarfafawa ga masu sauraron Chicago. , magana don canza ikon kiɗa. Yo-Yo Ma za ta shiga cikin haɓakawa da aiwatar da sabbin tsare-tsare, ayyuka da jerin kiɗan ƙarƙashin kulawar Cibiyar Koyo, Samun dama, da Horarwa.

Sabbin mawaƙa guda biyu sun fara haɗin gwiwa na shekaru biyu tare da ƙungiyar makaɗa a cikin kaka 2010. Mason Bates da Anna Kline Riccardo Muti ne ya nada su don tsara jerin waƙoƙin MusicNOW. Ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa tare da masu fasaha daga wasu fagage da cibiyoyi, Bates da Kline suna ƙoƙari su karya shingen al'ada na al'ummar Chicago ta hanyar kawo sabbin ra'ayoyi zuwa haɗin gwiwa da ƙirƙirar abubuwan kiɗa na musamman. Baya ga jerin MusicNOW, wanda kowane mawaƙi ya rubuta sabon yanki (premiering a cikin bazara na 2011), CSO ta yi ayyukan Kline da Bates a cikin kide-kide na biyan kuɗi na kakar 2010/11.

Tun daga 1916, rikodin sauti ya zama wani muhimmin sashi na ayyukan ƙungiyar mawaƙa. Abubuwan da aka saki akan lakabin CSO-Resound sun haɗa da Verdi's Requiem wanda Riccardo Muti ya jagoranta kuma yana nuna Mawaƙin Symphony na Chicago, Rich Strauss's A Hero's Life da Webern's A cikin Iskar bazara, Symphony na Bakwai na Bruckner, Symphony na huɗu na Shostakovich, Farko, Na Biyu, Mahnithphony. - duk karkashin jagorancin Bernard Haitink, Poulenc's Gloria (featuring soprano Jessica Rivera), Ravel's Daphnis da Chloe tare da Chicago Symphony Choir karkashin B. Haitink, Stravinsky's Pulcinella, Four Etudes da Symphony a cikin ƙungiyoyi uku Pierre Boulez, "Hadisai da Canje-canje" : Sauti na hanyar siliki ta Chicago, wanda ke nuna ƙungiyar hanyar siliki, Yo-Yo Ma da Wu Man; kuma, don saukewa kawai, rikodin Symphony na biyar na Shostakovich wanda Moon Wun Chung ya gudanar.

CSO ita ce mai karɓar kyaututtukan Grammy 62 daga Cibiyar Nazarin Rikodi da Kimiyya ta ƙasa. Rikodi na Shostakovich's Symphony na Hudu tare da Haitink, wanda ya haɗa da gabatarwar DVD na "Beyond Score", ya lashe Grammy na 2008 don "Mafi Kyawun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru". A waccan shekarar, Hadisai da Canje-canje: Sauti na Hanyar Siliki sun sami kyautar Grammy don Mafi kyawun Haɗin Album Na gargajiya. Kwanan nan, a cikin 2011, an ba da rikodin Requiem na Verdi tare da Riccardo Muti Grammys guda biyu: don "Mafi kyawun Album Na gargajiya" da kuma "Mafi kyawun Ayyukan Choral".

CSO tana gudanar da nata watsa shirye-shiryenta na mako-mako tun daga Afrilu 2007, wanda ake watsawa a cibiyar sadarwar rediyo ta WFMT ta ƙasar baki ɗaya, da kuma kan layi akan gidan yanar gizon ƙungiyar makaɗa - www.cso.org. Waɗannan watsa shirye-shiryen suna ba da sabuwar hanya ta musamman ga shirin rediyo na kiɗa na gargajiya - abun ciki mai daɗi da jan hankali wanda aka tsara don ba da zurfin fahimta da ba da ƙarin haɗi zuwa kiɗan da aka kunna a lokacin wasan kwaikwayo na ƙungiyar makaɗa.

Tarihin Chicago Symphony ya fara ne a cikin 1891 lokacin da Theodore Thomas, shugaban jagora na Amurka kuma ya amince da "majagaba" a cikin kiɗa, ɗan kasuwan Chicago Charles Norman Fey ya gayyace shi don kafa ƙungiyar makaɗa ta kade-kade a nan. Burin Thomas - don ƙirƙirar ƙungiyar makaɗa ta dindindin tare da mafi girman iya aiki - an riga an cimma shi a cikin kide-kide na farko a watan Oktoba na waccan shekarar. Thomas ya yi aiki a matsayin darektan kiɗa har zuwa mutuwarsa a shekara ta 1905. Ya mutu makonni uku bayan ya ba da gudummawar zauren, gidan dindindin na Orchestra na Chicago, ga al'umma.

Magajin Thomas, Frederick Stock, wanda ya fara aikinsa a matsayin viola a 1895, ya zama mataimakin shugaba bayan shekaru hudu. Zamansa a ragamar kungiyar makada ya dau shekaru 37, daga 1905 zuwa 1942 - mafi tsayin lokaci na dukkan shugabannin kungiyar guda goma. Ƙarfafawar Stock da shekarun majagaba a cikin 1919 ya ba da damar kafa ƙungiyar kade-kade ta Chicago, ƙungiyar makaɗa ta farko ta horarwa a Amurka wacce ke da alaƙa da babban wasan kwaikwayo. Har ila yau, Stock ya yi aiki tare da matasa, yana shirya wasan kwaikwayo na farko na biyan kuɗi don yara da kuma fara jerin mashahuran kide-kide.

Fitattun jarumai uku ne suka jagoranci kungiyar makada a cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa: Désiré Defoe daga 1943 zuwa 1947, Artur Rodzinsky ya karbi mukamin a 1947/48, kuma Rafael Kubelik ya jagoranci kungiyar makada har tsawon yanayi uku daga 1950 zuwa 1953.

Shekaru goma masu zuwa na Fritz Reiner ne, wanda har yanzu ana ɗaukar rikodin rikodin tare da Orchestra na Symphony na Chicago. Reiner ne, a cikin 1957, ya gayyaci Margaret Hillis don shirya ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Chicago Symphony. Shekaru biyar - daga 1963 zuwa 1968 - Jean Martinon ya rike mukamin darektan kiɗa.

Sir Georg Solti shi ne darektan kiɗa na takwas na ƙungiyar makaɗa (1969-1991). Ya rike mukamin Darakta Kiɗa na Daraja kuma ya yi aiki tare da ƙungiyar mawaƙa na makonni da yawa a kowace kakar har zuwa mutuwarsa a watan Satumba na 1997. Zuwan Solti a Chicago ya nuna farkon ɗayan haɗin gwiwar kiɗan da suka fi nasara a zamaninmu. Yawon shakatawa na farko na kungiyar CSO ya faru ne a shekarar 1971 a karkashin jagorancinsa, da kuma tafiye-tafiyen da aka yi a kasashen Turai, da kuma tafiye-tafiye zuwa Japan da Ostiraliya, sun karfafa sunan kungiyar makada a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi kyawun kungiyoyin kade-kade a duniya.

Daniel Barenboim an nada shi darektan kiɗa a cikin Satumba 1991, matsayin da ya riƙe har zuwa Yuni 2006. Jagoran kiɗansa ya kasance alama ta hanyar buɗe Cibiyar New Music ta Chicago a 1997, opera productions a cikin zauren mawaƙa, da yawa virtuosic wasanni tare da ƙungiyar makaɗa a cikin ƙungiyar mawaƙa a cikin 21. rawar biyu na pianist da madugu, XNUMX yawon shakatawa na kasa da kasa sun faru a ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa (ciki har da tafiya ta farko zuwa Kudancin Amirka) kuma jerin waƙoƙin mawaƙa sun bayyana.

Pierre Boulez, wanda a yanzu shi ne jagoran karramawa, yana daya daga cikin mawaka uku kacal da suka rike kambun Babban Jagoran Bako na kungiyar kade-kade. Carlo Maria Giulini, wanda ya fara yin wasa akai-akai a birnin Chicago a karshen shekarun 1950, an nada shi Babban Daraktan Bako a 1969, inda ya zauna har zuwa 1972. Claudio Abbado ya yi aiki daga 1982 zuwa 1985. Daga 2006 zuwa 2010, fitaccen madugun 'yan kasar Holland Bernhard Haitink ya yi aiki babban darektan, ƙaddamar da aikin CSO-Resound da kuma shiga cikin balaguron nasara da yawa na duniya.

Mawaƙin Symphony na Chicago ya daɗe yana da alaƙa da Ravinia a Highland Park, Illinois, wanda ya fara yin wasan a can a watan Nuwamba 1905. Ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta taimaka buɗe kakar farko ta bikin Ravinia a watan Agusta 1936 kuma tana ci gaba da yin can duk lokacin bazara tun daga lokacin.

Daraktocin kiɗa da manyan masu gudanarwa:

Theodore Thomas (1891-1905) Frederic Stock (1905-1942) Desiree Dafoe (1943-1947) Artur Rodzynski (1947-1948) Rafael Kubelik (1950-1953) Fritz Reiner (1953-1963) Jean-Martin (1963) Hoffman (1968-1968) Georg Solti (1969-1969) Daniel Barenboim (1991-1991) Bernard Haitink (2006-2006) Riccardo Muti (tun 2010)