Timpani: bayanin kayan aiki, abun da ke ciki, tarihi, sauti, fasaha na wasa

Timpani yana cikin nau'ikan kayan kida waɗanda suka bayyana a zamanin da, amma har yanzu ba su rasa mahimmancin su ba: sautin su na iya zama daban-daban cewa mawaƙa, daga masu fa'ida zuwa jazzmen, suna yin amfani da ƙirar rayayye, suna yin ayyuka daban-daban.

Menene timpani

Timpani kayan kaɗe-kaɗe ne wanda ke da takamaiman sauti. Ya ƙunshi kwanoni da yawa (yawanci daga 2 zuwa 7), kama da tukunyar jirgi a siffar. Abubuwan da aka kera shine karfe (mafi sau da yawa - jan karfe, sau da yawa - azurfa, aluminum). Sashin ya juya zuwa mawaƙa (na sama), filastik ko an rufe shi da fata, wasu samfuran suna sanye da rami mai resonator a ƙasa.

Ana fitar da sautin ta hanyar sanduna na musamman tare da zagaye mai zagaye. Abubuwan da aka yi da sanduna suna rinjayar tsayi, cikawa, da zurfin sauti.

Matsakaicin duk nau'ikan timpani da ke akwai (manyan, matsakaici, ƙanana) kusan daidai yake da octave.

Na'urar

Babban ɓangaren kayan aiki shine ƙarar ƙarfe mai ƙarfi. Diamita, dangane da samfurin, iri-iri shine 30-80 cm. Karamin girman jiki, mafi girman sautin timpani.

Wani muhimmin daki-daki shine membrane wanda ya dace da tsarin daga sama. Ana riƙe da hoop da aka gyara tare da sukurori. Za a iya ƙarfafa sukurori da ƙarfi ko sassauta - katako, tsayin sautin da aka fitar ya dogara da wannan.

Siffar jiki kuma tana shafar sautin: mai ƙwanƙwasa yana sa na'urar ta ƙara ƙara, wani ma'ana yana sa shi ya bushe.

Rashin lahani na samfura tare da tsarin dunƙulewa shine rashin iya canza saitin yayin Playing.

Zane-zane da aka sanye da fedal sun fi shahara sosai. Na'ura ta musamman tana ba ku damar canza saitin a kowane lokaci, kuma yana da ƙarfin samar da sauti na ci gaba.

Wani muhimmin mahimmanci ga babban zane shine sanduna. Tare da su, mawaƙin ya bugi membrane, yana samun sautin da ake so. Ana yin sanduna da abubuwa daban-daban, zaɓin abin da ke shafar sauti (zaɓuɓɓukan gama gari sune reed, ƙarfe, itace).

Tarihi

Ana daukar Timpani daya daga cikin tsoffin kayan kida a duniya, tarihinsu ya fara ne tun kafin zuwan zamaninmu. Wasu nau'ikan ganguna masu siffar kasko ne tsohuwar Helenawa suka yi amfani da su - ƙarar sauti da aka yi don tsoratar da abokan gaba kafin yaƙin. Wakilan Mesofotamiya suna da irin wannan na'urori.

Ganguna na yaki sun ziyarci Turai a karni na XNUMX. Watakila, an kawo su daga Gabas ta hanyar mayaka 'yan Salibiyya. Da farko, an yi amfani da son sani don dalilai na soja: yakin timpani yana sarrafa ayyukan sojan doki.

A cikin karni na XNUMX, kayan aikin ya yi kama da kusan nau'ikan samfuran zamani. A cikin karni na XVII, an gabatar da shi ga ƙungiyar makaɗa da ke yin ayyukan gargajiya. Shahararrun mawaƙa (J. Bach, R. Strauss, G. Berlioz, L. Beethoven) sun rubuta sassa don timpani.

Daga bisani, kayan aikin ya daina zama na musamman na kayan gargajiya. Ya shahara a tsakanin mawakan pop, wanda mawakan jazz neo-folk ke amfani da shi.

dabarar wasan Timpani

Mai yin wasan yana ƙarƙashin wasu dabaru ne kawai na Play:

• hits guda ɗaya. Hanyar gama gari wacce ke ba ku damar amfani da reels ɗaya ko fiye a lokaci guda. Ta hanyar ƙarfin tasiri, yawan taɓa membrane, mai son kiɗa yana fitar da sauti na kowane tsayin da aka samu, timbre, ƙara.
• Tremolo. Yana ɗaukar amfani da timpani ɗaya ko biyu. liyafar ya ƙunshi saurin maimaita maimaita sauti ɗaya, sautuna daban-daban guda biyu, baƙaƙe.
• Glissando. Ana iya samun irin wannan tasirin kiɗa ta hanyar kunna kiɗa akan kayan aikin da aka sanye da injin feda. Tare da shi, akwai sassaucin canji daga sauti zuwa sauti.

Fitattun 'yan wasan timpani

Daga cikin mawakan da suka ƙware wajen yin timpani, akwai turawa musamman:

• Siegfried Fink, malami, mawaki (Jamus);
• Anatoly Ivanov, madugu, percussionist, malami (Rasha);
• James Blades, mai yin kaɗa, marubucin littattafai akan kayan kaɗa (Birtaniya);
• Eduard Galoyan, malami, mai zane-zane na kade-kade na symphony (USSR);
• Victor Grishin, mawaki, farfesa, marubucin ayyukan kimiyya (Rasha).