Darbuka: bayanin kayan aiki, tarihi, iri, tsari, yadda ake wasa

A kasashen gabas, daya daga cikin tsoffin kayan kade-kade da ake kira darbuka ya yadu. Ga mutumin gabas, wannan ganga abokin rayuwa ne. Kuna iya jin sautin kayan aikin a wurin bukukuwan aure, bukukuwan addini da sauran abubuwan da suka faru.

Menene darbuka

Dangane da nau'in samuwar sauti, an rarraba darbuka azaman membranophone. Ganga yana cikin siffar ƙoƙo. saman halaka ya fi na kasa fadi. Kasa, sabanin saman, ya kasance a bude. A diamita, tarbuk ya kai inci 10, kuma a tsayi - 20 da rabi.

An yi kayan aikin da yumbu da fatun awaki. A halin yanzu, kuna iya ganin irin wannan ganguna da aka yi da ƙarfe.

Na'urar

Dangane da tsarin ganga, an bambanta tarbukan Masar da Turkiyya. Suna da tsari daban-daban, kowannensu yana ba da nasa fa'ida ga mawaƙin yayin wasa da halaka.

Darbuka na Turkiyya ba shi da gefuna na sama masu santsi. Irin wannan na'urar yana ba ka damar cirewa daga kayan aiki ba kawai sautin kurma ba, amma har ma dannawa. Duk da haka, yatsun kayan aikin kayan aiki suna shan wahala sosai.

Darbuka na Masar, godiya ga gefuna masu santsi, yana sauƙaƙe kunna mawaƙa da kuma jujjuya yatsunsu yayin Wasa. Amma mawaƙin da ke buga gangunan Masarawa ba zai iya fitar da dannawa daga cikinsa ba.

Firam ɗin ganga an yi shi da itace ko ƙarfe. An lullube shi da fatar akuya. Ana kiyaye murfin saman da igiya. A cikin ganguna na ƙarfe, an gyara shi da zobe na musamman.

Lakabi daban-daban

Darbuka yana da wasu sunaye da dama:

• tarbuka - a Bulgaria da Isra'ila;
• darabuca - in Romania;
• dumbek shine sunan kayan aiki a Armenia. An yi shi da siffa mai kama da ganga, an yi shi a Masar, yana da zagaye.
• tumbelek - a Girka;
• qypi yana cikin Albaniya.

Tsarin kowane kayan aiki ya bambanta.

Tarihin kayan aiki

Tarihin bayyanar drum yana farawa da marigayi Neolithic a kudancin Denmark. Nemo kayan aiki yayin tonawa a cikin Jamus, Jamhuriyar Czech, Poland. Yawancin darbuk suna da nau'i daban-daban. Wannan yana nuna cewa kafin zuwan kisa guda ɗaya na dumbek, masu sana'a sun gwada girma, siffofi, da cika ɓangaren ciki. Misali, an saka wata irin tambourine a cikin wasu na’urori domin na’urar zata iya yin sauti mai girma idan aka buga.

A Gabas ta Tsakiya, a farkon farkonsa, kayan aikin na al'ada ne, yana da tsayi kuma ana kiransa lilish.

Kuna iya ganin darabuca a cikin zane-zane na waƙoƙin Budurwa Maryamu a lokacin 'yantar da masu laifi na Spain daga mahara Larabawa.

iri

An bambanta Darbukas da girma da sauti. Kowace al'umma tana da halayenta na ƙirƙirar darabuk ko tabla.

By kayan jiki

Doombeks na farko an yi su ne daga yumbu da aka gasa. Bayan haka, an dauki peach ko itacen apricot don ƙirƙirar jiki. An rufe firam ɗin da ɗan maraƙi, akuya ko fatar kifi.

A yau, ana amfani da madadin ƙarfe da fata don yin dumbek.

Ta hanyar sigar gawa

Dangane da siffar jiki, tebur ya kasu kashi biyu:

• Baturke tare da gefuna masu kaifi;
• Masari mai zagaye gefuna.

Na farko da wuya a yi amfani da shi a yau. A cikin kasashen Turai da Amurka, zaku iya samun darabuk a cikin sigar Masar.

Don girman

A girman, darabuk ya kasu zuwa manyan nau'i hudu:

• solo darbuka ko tabla ta Masar mai tsayi 43 cm tare da diamita na sama na 28 cm;
• bass - dohol tare da girma daga 44 zuwa 58 cm da girman wuyansa na 15 cm, kuma saman - 35 cm;
• sombati - giciye tsakanin na farko da na biyu, amma babba - 47 cm tare da fadin wuyansa na 14 cm;
• Tunisiya - matsakaicin tsawo shine 40 cm, diamita na saman shine 25 cm.

Nau'in doombek da aka jera sun fi kowa.

By sauti

Kowane nau'in darbuka yana da nasa sauti. Misali, kida da aka kunna akan sautin tarbuk na Turkiyya a cikin kewayo daga 97 zuwa 940 Hz. Wannan nau'in kayan aikin ya nuna mafi kyawun sakamako idan aka kwatanta da darabuks na sauran mutane.

Doira, ba kamar darabuka na yau da kullun ba, yana fitar da sauti mai ƙarfi, kuma tonbak kayan aiki ne mai kunkuntar sautin sauti. Kyakkyawan tarbuka kamar Tajik tavlyak ya rufe octaves uku.

Dabarun wasa

Yayin kunna darbuk, ana riƙe kayan a gefen hagu, a kan gwiwoyi. A wannan yanayin, koyaushe suna wasa a wurin zama. Idan mai yin wasan ya yi wasa yayin da yake tsaye, to sai ya danna kayan aikin zuwa gefen hagunsa.

Ana yin kisa da hannu biyu. Yi amfani da dabino da yatsu. Babban shine hannun dama. Ta saita kari, na hagu kuma yana ƙawata shi.

Ƙwararrun mawaƙa suna haɗa wasa da hannayensu tare da sanda na musamman. Af, gypsies suna amfani da wannan hanyar wasa.

Sun buga a tsakiyar drum - an sami ƙaramin sauti mara ƙarfi. Idan sun doke kusa da gefuna, sa'an nan na'urar ta haifar da sauti mai girma da bakin ciki. Don canza katako, suna amfani da juzu'in yatsa, sanya hannayensu cikin tarbuki.

Manufacturers

Manyan masana'antar darbuka sune:

• Yin tuƙi;
• Meinl;
• Gawharet el Fan;
• Alexandria;
• Kework.

Wanda ya fara shigo da tumbler shine Mid-East MFG. A Turkiyya da Masar, ana sayar da tarbuka a kusan kowane kantuna.

Shahararrun Masu Wasa

Masters da aka sani da buga ganga:

• Burkhan Uchal mawaki ne wanda ke buga kida da yawa, sai dai tarbuka;
• Bob Tashchian;
• Ossama Shahin;
• Halim El Dabh – yana yin kade-kaden kabilanci.

Ana amfani da Dumbek a ƙungiyoyin kiɗa, kuma rawan ciki ana yin ta ne kawai ga kiɗan wannan ganga.