Ƙungiyoyin kiɗa |
Ƙungiyoyin kiɗa – ƙungiyoyin prof. mawaƙa da masu son kiɗa, da nufin yada kiɗan. al'adu, farfaganda da nazarin otd. nau'ikan karar kiɗan. Akwai na kasa da kasa O.m.; sun kasu kashi yin (choral, orchestral, chamber), kimiyya da ilimi, akwai kuma m (composing, musicological). Asalin O. m., a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin nau'o'in al'ummomin kiɗa. ayyuka, tun daga ƙarshen zamanai na tsakiya kuma suna da alaƙa da waɗanda suke a wancan lokacin. makarantu; daga baya O.m. samu mai zaman kansa. ci gaba. Samfuran su sune makarantun da suka taso a karni na 16. a Italiya da kuma tsunduma a Ch. arr. wasan kwaikwayo na kida ta membobinsu. Irin wannan nau'in O. m., wanda ake kira. Collegium Musicum ya bayyana a Jamus da wasu ƙasashe. Girman dutse. al'adun kiɗa a cikin karni na 18, haɓakar jama'a. conc. rayuwa ta ba da gudummawar fitowar sabbin nau'ikan ƙungiyoyi na ayyukan kiɗa da zamantakewa, da farko kide kide (wanda ake kira philharmonic.) muses. ob-in da mus.-yi. ƙungiyoyi: a Ingila - Cibiyar Nazarin Kiɗa na Farko (1710), a Austria - Ƙungiyar Mawaƙa ta Viennese (1771); Ƙungiyar Concerts na Conservatory na Paris (1792), da dai sauransu.
A farkon. Karni na 19 a Jamus, Ostiriya, Switzerland, mazaje sun kasance gama gari. ƙungiyar mawaƙa. ob-va - Liedertafel (na farko a Berlin, 1809), daga baya yana so. ƙungiyar mawaƙa. ob-va ("Orpheon") ya bayyana a Faransa (na farko a 1835). O. m daga bene na 2 ya sami rabo mai fadi. Karni na 19 Daga cikin mafi mahimmanci: Janar Jamusanci. ƙungiyar kiɗa (wanda aka kafa a cikin 1859 ta F. Brendel, L. Keller, da sauransu, manufarta ita ce shirya bukukuwan kiɗa na shekara-shekara da aka gudanar a birane daban-daban na Jamus), Ƙungiyar Kiɗa ta ƙasa (Paris, 1871), Ƙungiyar Jama'a. waƙoƙi (London, 1898), da dai sauransu. Dangane da karuwar sha'awar aikin sashen. manyan mawaƙa da kuma tallata samfuran su. (aikin, buga cikakken tarin ayyuka, sakin abin da ake kira littattafai na wucin gadi, da dai sauransu) akwai na musamman. O. m .: Bachovskoe (Leipzig, 1850), Handel (Hamburg, 1856), G. Purcell (London, 1876), Universal Wagner (Bayreuth, 1883), da dai sauransu Tare da ci gaban bincike. Masana harkar kida ne suka shirya ayyukan a fannin kida. game-va, wallafe-wallafen kimiyya. mujallu, tarin bayanai, labarai. Na farko daga cikinsu shi ne Ƙungiyar Kiɗa. bincike, shi ne babban a cikin 1868 a Jamus ta F. Kommer da R. Eitner (wanda ya wanzu har 1906); buga takardun kimiyya kowane wata. tarin: "Monatshefte für Musikgeschichte" (1869-1905).
A cikin Rasha, O.m. ya fara bayyana a cikin kwata na ƙarshe na karni na 18. kuma an fara kiran su clubs - na farko a St. Petersburg a 1772 (duba "Kungiyar Kiɗa"). Large O.m., wanda ya hada kan prof. mawaƙa (Orchestra), sune manyan. a 1802 St. Petersburg Philharmonic Society. A 1840, Symphony Society ya tashi a St. Petersburg, kuma a cikin 1850, Concert Society, wanda ya inganta kiɗa na gargajiya. kiɗa. A shekara ta 1859, an shirya babbar ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Rasha (wanda daga baya ya buɗe rassa a birane da yawa), manufarsa ita ce ci gaban prof. ilimin kiɗa a Rasha. Wannan game-a jagoranci kuma na tsari. conc. ayyuka a St. Petersburg, Moscow da sauran garuruwan da rassansa suka wanzu. A Moscow a 1874 da Society of Rus. wasan kwaikwayo. Marubuta da opera composers domin kare dukiya bukatun na membobinsu (a 1877, da composers PI Tchaikovsky, AG Rubinshtein, MP Mussorgsky, da dai sauransu) a 1878 - Moscow Philharmonic Society. Daga cikin sauran Rasha. prerevolutionary O.m.: St. Petersburg Society of Chamber Music, St. Petersburg. kiɗa-wasan kwaikwayo. da'irar masu son (wanda aka kafa a 1883), wanda ya shirya wasan kwaikwayo na shekara-shekara (a karo na farko a St. Petersburg, sun yi post. Opera "Eugene Onegin", 1877), St. Petersburg. Ƙungiyar Kiɗa (wanda aka kafa a cikin 1884s, da nufin fahimtar da membobin al'umma tare da samar da kiɗa da wallafe-wallafen kida; gidan wallafe-wallafen Izvestia ..., duba mujallu na Musical), St. Petersburg. Jama'a na Malaman Waka da sauran muses. Figures (1890-1899; a ƙarƙashinsa akwai ofishin shiga tsakani na kiɗa, ƙungiyar mawaƙa, kirtani da wok quartets), Coci. Fa'idodin mawaƙa. al'umma (kafa a St. Petersburg a 1908 a kan himma na mawaƙa shugaba AA Arkhangelsky; shekara-shekara shirya kide kide na alfarma music), Moscow Liedertafel, Moscow. Society of Lovers of Orchestral, Chamber da Vocal Music (kafa a 1902 da shugaba A. Litvinov), Circle na Rasha Music masoya (Moscow, 1895-1896), House of Song (Moscow, 1912-1908), Musical Theoretical Library "( Moscow, 18-1908). Har ila yau, kiɗan kiɗa ya kasance a cikin wasu garuruwa da dama (duba kuma Maraice na kiɗan zamani, nune-nunen kiɗa).
Bayan Oktoba juyin juya hali na 1917 al'ummomi da aka halitta. Ƙungiyoyin kiɗa: Ƙungiyar kiɗa na zamani (Leningrad, Moscow), Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru na Rasha; Ƙungiyar mawaƙa da mawaƙa na juyin juya hali (ORKIMD; 1925-32), All-Ukrainian Society mai suna bayan. ND Leontovich (1921-28), All-Ukrainian Association of Revolutionary. makada (1928-32). A cikin 1931-35 akwai Intern. kiɗa Ofishin ƙungiya ƙungiya ce ta ma'aikata da masu neman sauyi. Kungiyoyin kiɗa na Austria, Jamus, Amurka, USSR, Faransa, Japan, waɗanda suka yi aiki a Intern. ƙungiyar masu juyin juya hali. t-ra (MORT) da buga bulletin "International Music" (tun 1933). A 1939 a Moscow, babban birnin. Union of Composers na USSR - m. Ƙungiyar mawaƙa na owls da masu kida, a 1957 - All-Russian Choir. game-in, da dai sauransu; ƙungiyar mawaƙa. about-va an halicce su a cikin Ukraine, a Belarus, Armenia da sauran jumhuriyar. Akwai ƙungiyoyin mawaƙa da masu yin wasan kwaikwayo a wasu ƙasashe, da ma wasu da yawa. intl. O.m., na farkon wanda shine Intern. music jama'a (1899-1914) - wata ƙungiya na musicologists, wanda yana da nat. sassa a ƙasashe da yawa (majalisa da aka gudanar, rahotannin da aka buga, mujallu da aka buga). Daga cikin O. m na yanzu: Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don Kiɗa na Zamani, Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don Kiɗa, Intern. ƙungiyar kiɗa. dakunan karatu, Ilimin kida na kasa da kasa, majalisar kide-kide ta kasa da kasa, da sauransu. Yawancinsu mambobi ne na Majalisar Kida ta Duniya a UNESCO.
IM Yampolsky
