Wadanne operas ne Mozart ya rubuta? 5 mafi shaharar operas

A cikin gajeren rayuwarsa, Mozart ya ƙirƙira adadi mai yawa na ayyukan kiɗa daban-daban, amma shi da kansa ya ɗauki wasan operas a matsayin mafi mahimmanci a cikin aikinsa. A cikin duka, ya rubuta operas 21, tare da na farko, Apollo da Hyacinth, yana da shekaru 10, kuma manyan ayyuka sun faru a cikin shekaru goma na ƙarshe na rayuwarsa. Makircin gabaɗaya ya yi daidai da ɗanɗanon lokacin, yana nuna tsoffin jarumai (opera seria) ko, kamar yadda yake a cikin opera buffa, ƙirƙira da dabaru.

Mutumin da yake da gaske dole ne ya san abin da operas Mozart ya rubuta, ko kuma aƙalla shahararrun su.

"Auren Figaro"

Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun wasan operas shine "Aure na Figaro", wanda aka rubuta a 1786 bisa ga wasan Beaumarchais. Makircin yana da sauƙi - bikin aure na Figaro da Suzanne yana zuwa, amma Count Almaviva yana ƙaunar Suzanne, yana ƙoƙari ya sami tagomashi a kowane farashi. An gina dukkan makircin a kusa da wannan. An biya shi azaman opera buffa, Aure na Figaro, duk da haka, ya zarce nau'in godiya ga sarƙaƙƙiyar haruffa da ɗaiɗaikun su da kiɗan ya ƙirƙira. Don haka, an halicci wasan kwaikwayo na haruffa - sabon nau'i.

Don Juan

A cikin 1787, Mozart ya rubuta opera Don Giovanni bisa almara na Mutanen Espanya na da. Salon wasan opera buffa ne, kuma Mozart da kansa ya bayyana shi a matsayin "wasan kwaikwayo mai daɗi." Don Juan, yana ƙoƙarin lalata Donna Anna, ya kashe mahaifinta, Kwamandan, kuma ya ɓuya. Bayan jerin abubuwan ban sha'awa da ɓarna, Don Juan ya gayyaci mutum-mutumin Kwamandan da ya kashe zuwa ƙwallon. Kuma Kwamandan ya bayyana. A matsayin babban kayan aiki na azaba, yana jan 'yanci zuwa jahannama…

An hukunta mataimakin, kamar yadda dokokin gargajiya suka buƙata. Duk da haka, Don Giovanni na Mozart ba kawai mummunan jarumi ba ne; yana jan hankalin mai kallo da kyakkyawan fata da jajircewarsa. Mozart ya wuce iyakokin nau'in kuma ya haifar da wasan kwaikwayo na kida na hankali, kusa da Shakespeare a cikin tsananin sha'awa.

"Abin da kowa ke yi kenan."

opera buffa "Wannan shi ne abin da kowa ke yi" daga Mozart da Emperor Joseph ya ba da izini a 1789. Ya dogara ne akan wani labari na gaskiya da ya faru a kotu. A cikin labarin, wasu samari biyu, Ferrando da Guglielmo, sun yanke shawarar tabbatar da amincin amaren nasu kuma sun zo wurinsu a ɓoye. Wani Don Alfonso ya tunzura su, yana mai cewa babu wani abu a duniya kamar amincin mace. Kuma ya zama gaskiya ne…

A cikin wannan wasan opera, Mozart na bin tsarin buffa na gargajiya; kidanta cike take da haske da alheri. Abin baƙin ciki, a lokacin da mawaki ta rayuwa, "Wannan shi ne abin da kowa da kowa ya yi" ba a yaba, amma a farkon karni na 19 ya fara yi a kan mafi girma opera matakai.

"Rahamar Titus"

Mozart ya rubuta La Clemenza di Titus don hawan Sarkin Czech Leopold II kan karagar mulki a shekara ta 1791. A matsayinsa na libretto, an ba shi rubutu na farko da banal mãkirci, amma abin da opera Mozart ya rubuta!

Aiki mai ban sha'awa tare da kiɗa mai daraja da daraja. An mayar da hankali kan Sarkin Roma Titus Flavius ​​​​Vespasian. Ya bayyana wani makirci a kan kansa, amma ya sami karimci a cikin kansa don ya gafarta wa masu makirci. Wannan jigon ya fi dacewa da bikin nadin sarauta, kuma Mozart ya jimre da aikin sosai.

"Sihirin sarewa"

A wannan shekarar, Mozart ya rubuta wasan opera a cikin nau'in Singspiel na Jamusanci, wanda ya ja hankalinsa musamman. Wannan shine "The Magic sarewa" tare da libertto na E. Schikaneder. Makircin yana cike da sihiri da mu'ujizai kuma yana nuna gwagwarmayar har abada tsakanin nagarta da mugunta.

Mayen Sarastro ya sace 'yar Sarauniyar Dare, kuma ta aika saurayi Tamino ya nemo ta. Ya sami yarinyar, amma ya bayyana cewa Sarastro yana gefen alheri, kuma Sarauniyar dare ita ce siffar mugunta. Tamino yayi nasarar cin nasarar duk gwaje-gwajen kuma ya karɓi hannun ƙaunataccensa. An gudanar da wasan opera a Vienna a shekara ta 1791 kuma ta kasance babbar nasara saboda kyakkyawar kidan Mozart.

Wanene ya san yawancin manyan ayyuka da Mozart ya ƙirƙira, waɗanne operas ɗin da zai rubuta, idan rabo ya ba shi aƙalla wasu 'yan shekaru na rayuwa. Amma abin da ya sami damar yi a cikin ɗan gajeren rayuwarsa yana cikin taska na kiɗan duniya.