Anton Stepanovich Arensky |

Anton Arensky

Arensky. Violin Concerto (Jascha Heifetz)

Abin mamaki Arensky yana da wayo a cikin kiɗa… Mutum ne mai ban sha'awa sosai! P. Tchaikovsky

Daga cikin sabbin abubuwa, Arensky shine mafi kyawun, mai sauƙi, karin waƙa… L. Tolstoy

Mawaƙa da masu son kiɗa na ƙarshen ƙarshe da farkon wannan karni ba za su yi imani da cewa aikin Arensky ba har ma da ainihin sunan Arensky bayan kashi uku cikin huɗu na karni kawai ba za a san shi ba. Bayan haka, wasan operas ɗinsa, kayan wasan kwaikwayo da na ɗaki, musamman ayyukan piano da soyayya, ana yin su akai-akai, ana yin su a cikin mafi kyawun wasan kwaikwayo, waɗanda shahararrun masu fasaha suka yi, masu sukar da jama'a suka karɓa da kyau… . Mahaifinsa, likitan Nizhny Novgorod, ya kasance mawaƙin mai son, kuma mahaifiyarsa ta kasance mai wasan pian mai kyau. Mataki na gaba na rayuwar Arensky yana da alaƙa da St. Petersburg. A nan ya ci gaba da karatun kiɗa da kuma a 1882 ya sauke karatu daga Conservatory a cikin abun da ke ciki ajin N. Rimsky-Korsakov. An yi shi ne ba daidai ba, amma ya nuna hazaka kuma an ba shi lambar zinare. Matashin mawaki nan da nan aka gayyace shi zuwa ga Conservatory na Moscow a matsayin malami na batutuwa, daga baya abun da ke ciki. A Moscow, Arensky ya zama abokantaka tare da Tchaikovsky da Taneyev. Tasirin na farko ya zama yanke shawara ga kerawa na kiɗa na Arensky, na biyu ya zama aboki na kusa. A bukatar Taneyev, Tchaikovsky ya ba Arensky libretto na farko halakar opera The Voyevoda, da kuma opera Dream on Volga ya bayyana, nasarar shirya ta Moscow Bolshoi Theatre a 1890. Tchaikovsky ya kira shi daya daga cikin mafi kyau, "kuma a wasu wurare ma m Wasan opera na Rasha” kuma ya ƙara da cewa: “Gidan mafarkin Voyevoda ya sa na zubar da hawaye masu daɗi.” Wani opera na Arensky, Raphael, ya zama kamar Taneyev mai tsauri wanda zai iya faranta wa mawaƙan ƙwararrun mawaƙa da jama'a daidai. A cikin diary na wannan mutumin da ba shi da ra'ayi, mun sami dangane da Raphael kalma ɗaya kamar yadda a cikin ikirari Tchaikovsky: "Na yi kuka ..." Wataƙila wannan kuma ya shafi har yanzu sanannen Song na mawaƙa a bayan mataki - "Zuciya ta girgiza da sha'awa da ni'ima"?

Ayyukan Arensky a Moscow sun bambanta. Yayin da yake aiki a ɗakin ajiyar, ya ƙirƙiri litattafai waɗanda yawancin tsararrun mawaƙa ke amfani da su. Rachmaninov da Scriabin, A. Koreshchenko, G. Konyus, R. Glier yayi karatu a cikin aji. Na karshen ya tuna: "... Kalaman Arensky da shawarwari sun fi fasaha fiye da fasaha a yanayi." Duk da haka, yanayin rashin daidaituwa na Arensky - shi mutum ne wanda aka ɗauke shi kuma mai saurin fushi - wani lokaci ya haifar da rikici tare da dalibansa. Arensky ya yi aiki a matsayin jagora, duka tare da ƙungiyar mawaƙa na kade-kade da kuma a cikin kide-kide na matasa Choral Society na Rasha. Ba da da ewa, bisa shawarar M. Balakirev, An gayyaci Arensky zuwa St. Petersburg zuwa matsayi na manajan Kotun Choir. Matsayin ya kasance mai daraja sosai, amma kuma yana da nauyi sosai kuma bai dace da sha'awar mawaƙa ba. Domin shekaru 6 ya halicci 'yan ayyuka da kuma, kawai, bayan da aka sake shi daga sabis a 1901, ya sake fara yin kide-kide da kuma shirya sosai. Amma wata cuta ta jira shi - tarin fuka, wanda bayan wasu shekaru ya kai shi kabari ...

Daga cikin shahararrun masu yin ayyukan Arensky shine F. Chaliapin: ya rera waƙar soyayya "Wolves", sadaukar da shi, da "Waƙoƙin Yara", kuma - tare da babban nasara - "Minstrel". V. Komissarzhevskaya ya yi a cikin wani nau'i na musamman na melodeclamation wanda ya yadu a farkon karni, tare da ayyukan Arensky; Masu sauraro sun tuna da karatunta a kan kiɗan "Yaya kyau, yadda sabo ne wardi ..." Ana iya samun kima na ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun ayyuka - Trio a cikin D ƙananan za a iya samuwa a cikin "Tattaunawa" na Stravinsky: "Arensky… ya bi da ni abokantaka, tare da sha'awa. kuma ya taimake ni; A koyaushe ina son shi kuma aƙalla ɗaya daga cikin ayyukansa, mashahurin piano uku. (Sunan mawaƙa guda biyu za su hadu daga baya - a kan hoton Paris na S. Diaghilev, wanda zai hada da kiɗa na Ballet na Arensky "Daren Masar".)

Leo Tolstoy ya daraja Arensky fiye da sauran mawaƙa na Rasha na zamani, kuma musamman, suites na pianos guda biyu, waɗanda suke cikin mafi kyawun rubuce-rubucen Arensky. (Ba tare da tasirin su ba, daga baya ya rubuta suites don wannan abun da ke ciki na Rachmaninov). A cikin ɗaya daga cikin wasiƙun Taneyev, wanda ya zauna tare da Tolstoys a Yasnaya Polyana a lokacin rani na 1896 da kuma tare da A. Goldenweiser, ya buga da maraice ga marubucin, an ruwaito cewa: "Kwanaki biyu da suka wuce, a gaban Babban al'umma, mun buga ... a kan pianos biyu "Silhouettes" (Suite E 2. - LK) na Anton Stepanovich, wanda ya yi nasara sosai kuma ya sulhunta Lev Nikolaevich tare da sabon kiɗa. Ya fi son Dan wasan Mutanen Espanya (lamba ta ƙarshe), kuma ya daɗe yana tunani game da ita. Suites da sauran piano guda har zuwa ƙarshen ayyukansa - har zuwa 1940s - 50s. - kiyaye a cikin repertoire na Soviet pianists na mazan ƙarni, dalibai na Arensky - Goldenweiser da K. Igumnov. Kuma har yanzu sauti a cikin kide kide da wake-wake da kuma a rediyo Fantasia a kan jigogi na Ryabinin for piano da makada, halitta a 1899. Back a farkon 90s. Arensky ya rubuta a Moscow daga wani labari mai ban mamaki, mai baƙar fata Olonets Ivan Trofimovich Ryabinin, almara da yawa; kuma biyu daga cikinsu - game da boyar Skopin-Shuisky da "Volga da Mikula" - ya dauki a matsayin tushen Fantasy. Fantasia, Trio, da sauran nau'ikan kayan aiki da murya da yawa ta Arensky, ba su da zurfin zurfin tunani da abubuwan tunani, ba a bambanta su ta hanyar bidi'a ba, a lokaci guda suna jan hankali tare da ikhlasi na lyrical - sau da yawa elegiac - kalamai, karin waƙa. Suna da ɗabi'a, kyakkyawa, fasaha. Waɗannan kaddarorin sun karkata zukatan masu sauraro zuwa kiɗan Arensky. shekarun baya. Suna iya kawo farin ciki ko da a yau, domin suna da hazaka da fasaha.

L. Korabelnikova