Sirrin tarihi: tatsuniyoyi game da kiɗa da mawaƙa

Tun zamanin d ¯ a, tasirin waƙa mai ban mamaki ya sa mu yi tunani game da tushen sufanci na asalinsa. Sha'awar da jama'a ke da shi ga wasu zaɓaɓɓu, waɗanda aka lura da basirar su don yin waƙa, ya haifar da tatsuniyoyi marasa adadi game da mawaƙa.

Tun daga zamanin da har ya zuwa yau, an kuma haifar da tatsuniyoyi na kida a cikin gwagwarmaya tsakanin muradun siyasa da tattalin arziki na mutanen da ke cikin harkar waka.

Baiwar Allah ko jarabar shaidan

A cikin 1841, ɗan wasan da ba a san shi ba Giuseppe Verdi, wanda ya mutu cikin ɗabi'a ta rashin nasarar wasan operas na farko da kuma mummunan mutuwar matarsa ​​da 'ya'yansa biyu, ya jefa libretto aikinsa a ƙasa cikin yanke ƙauna. A asirce, ya buɗe a shafin tare da ƙungiyar mawaƙa na Yahudawa waɗanda aka kama, kuma, cikin gigita da layin “Ya kyakkyawar ƙasa ta asali! Dear, abubuwan tunawa masu mutuwa! ”, Verdi ya fara rubuta kiɗan cikin hayyacinsa…

Sa baki na Providence nan da nan ya canza makomar mawaki: opera "Nabucco" ya kasance babbar nasara kuma ya ba shi ganawa da matarsa ​​ta biyu, soprano Giuseppina Strepponi. Kuma ƙungiyar mawaƙan bayi ta kasance tana ƙaunar Italiya sosai har ta zama waƙar ƙasa ta biyu. Kuma ba kawai wasu mawaƙa ba, har ma da arias daga operas na Verdi daga baya mutane suka fara rera su a matsayin waƙar Italiyanci.

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Ka'idar chthonic a cikin kiɗa galibi tana ba da shawarar tunani game da makircin shaidan. Masu zamani sun nuna hazaka na Niccolo Paganini, wanda ya ba masu sauraro mamaki tare da basirarsa marar iyaka don haɓakawa da kuma kwazon aiki. Siffar fitaccen ɗan wasan violin yana kewaye da tatsuniyoyi masu duhu: an yi jita-jita cewa ya sayar da ransa don sihirin sihiri kuma kayan aikinsa sun ƙunshi ran ƙaunataccen da ya kashe.

Lokacin da Paganini ya mutu a shekara ta 1840, tatsuniyoyi game da mawaƙin sun yi masa mugun zolaya. Hukumomin Katolika na Italiya sun hana binne mutane a ƙasarsu, kuma gawarwakin violin ya sami kwanciyar hankali a Parma shekaru 56 bayan haka.

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Ƙididdigar ƙididdiga, ko la'anar wasan kwaikwayo na tara…

Ƙarfin da ya wuce kima da jarumtaka na mutuwar Ludwig van Beethoven na Symphony na tara ya haifar da tsoro mai tsarki a cikin zukatan masu sauraro. Tsoron camfi ya tsananta bayan Franz Schubert, wanda ya kamu da sanyi a jana'izar Beethoven, ya mutu, ya bar wasan kwaikwayo tara. Sa'an nan kuma "la'anar ta tara," wanda aka goyi bayan lissafin lax, ya fara samun ƙarfi. “Wadanda aka kashe” sune Anton Bruckner, Antonin Dvorak, Gustav Mahler, Alexander Glazunov da Alfred Schnittke.

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Binciken ƙididdiga ya haifar da bayyanar wani mummunan labari game da mawaƙa waɗanda ake zargin sun fuskanci mutuwa tun suna da shekaru 27. camfin ya yadu bayan mutuwar Kurt Cobain, kuma a yau abin da ake kira "Club 27" ya hada da Brian Jones, Jimi Hendrix. , Janis Joplin, Jim Morrison, Amy Winehouse da wasu kusan 40.

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Shin Mozart zai taimaka min da hikima?

Daga cikin tatsuniyoyi da yawa da ke kewaye da hazaka na Austriya, tatsuniya game da kiɗan Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart a matsayin hanyar haɓaka IQ tana da nasarorin kasuwanci na musamman. An fara jin daɗin a cikin 1993 tare da buga labarin da masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam Francis Rauscher ya wallafa, wanda ya yi iƙirarin cewa sauraron Mozart yana haɓaka ci gaban yara. A cikin tashin hankali, rikodin ya fara sayar da miliyoyin kofe a duk faɗin duniya, kuma har yanzu, mai yiwuwa a cikin bege na "Mozart sakamako," ana jin waƙarsa a cikin shaguna, jiragen sama, a kan wayoyin hannu da tarho suna jira. layuka.

Binciken da Rauscher ya yi na gaba, wanda ya nuna cewa alamun neurophysiological a cikin yara sun inganta ta hanyar darussan kiɗa, ba kowa ba ne ya yada shi.

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Tatsuniyoyi na kiɗa a matsayin makamin siyasa

Masana tarihi da masu kida ba su daina yin gardama game da musabbabin mutuwar Mozart, amma sigar da Antonio Salieri ya kashe shi saboda hassada wata tatsuniya ce. A hukumance, adalci na tarihi ga ɗan Italiyanci, wanda a zahiri ya sami nasara fiye da abokansa mawaƙa, wata kotun Milan ta dawo da shi a cikin 1997.

An yi imanin cewa mawaƙa na makarantar Austriya sun yi wa Salieri kazafi don ya ɓata ƙarfin matsayi na abokan hamayyarsa na Italiya a kotun Viennese. Duk da haka, a cikin shahararrun al'adu, godiya ga bala'i na AS Pushkin da kuma fim na Milos Forman, stereotype na "hazaka da mugu" ya kasance da ƙarfi.

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A cikin karni na 20, la'akari da dama fiye da sau ɗaya sun ba da abinci don yin tatsuniyoyi a cikin masana'antar kiɗa. Hanya na jita-jita da ayoyin da ke tare da kiɗa suna aiki a matsayin mai nuna sha'awa a cikin wannan yanki na rayuwar jama'a don haka yana da hakkin ya wanzu.