Menene tonality?

Bari mu gano yau menene tonality. Ga masu karatu masu rashin haquri ina cewa nan da nan: key - wannan shine aikin matsayi na ma'auni na kiɗa zuwa sautunan kida na wani filin wasa, ɗaure zuwa wani yanki na ma'auni na kiɗa. Don haka kada ku yi kasala don gane shi sosai.

Wataƙila ka taɓa jin kalmar “” a da, dama? Wasu lokuta mawaƙa suna yin korafin rashin jin daɗi, suna neman a ɗaga ko rage jin daɗin waƙar. To, mai yiwuwa wani ya ji wannan kalmar daga direbobin mota da suke amfani da sautin murya don kwatanta sautin injin mai gudu. Bari mu ce muna ɗaukar gudu, kuma nan da nan muna jin cewa hayaniyar injin ta ƙara huda - yana canza sautin sa. A ƙarshe, zan ba da sunan wani abu da kowannenku ya ci karo da shi - zance a cikin murya mai tasowa (mutumin ya fara ihu kawai, ya canza "sautin" na jawabinsa, kuma kowa ya ji tasirin).

Yanzu bari mu koma ga ma'anar mu. Don haka, muna kiran tonality sikelin kida. Menene frets kuma an kwatanta tsarin su dalla-dalla a cikin labarin "Menene damuwa". Bari in tunatar da ku cewa mafi yawan hanyoyin da ake amfani da su a cikin kiɗa sune manya da ƙananan; sun ƙunshi digiri bakwai, babban su shine na farko (abin da ake kira tonic).

Tonic da yanayin - mafi mahimmancin nau'i biyu na tonality

Kuna da ra'ayin menene tonality, yanzu bari mu matsa zuwa abubuwan da ke tattare da tonality. Ga kowane maɓalli, kaddarorin biyu masu yanke hukunci - tonic da yanayin sa. Ina ba da shawarar tunawa da batu mai zuwa: maɓalli yayi daidai da yanayin tonic da yanayin.

Ana iya danganta wannan doka, alal misali, tare da sunan tonalities, waɗanda ke bayyana a cikin wannan tsari: . Wato, sunan sautin yana nuna cewa ɗayan sautin ya zama cibiyar, tonic (matakin farko) na ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin (babba ko ƙarami).

Alamun maɓalli a maɓallan

Zaɓin ɗaya ko wani maɓalli don yin rikodin kiɗa yana ƙayyade alamun da za a nuna a maɓalli. Bayyanar alamun maɓalli - masu kaifi da ɗakin kwana - saboda gaskiyar cewa, bisa ga abin da aka ba da tonic, ma'auni yana girma, wanda ke daidaita nisa tsakanin digiri (nisa a cikin sautin sauti da sautunan) kuma wanda ya sa wasu digiri ya ragu, yayin da wasu. , akasin haka, karuwa.

Don kwatanta, Ina ba ku 7 manyan maɓalli da ƙananan maɓalli 7, manyan matakan da aka ɗauka azaman tonic (a kan maɓallan fararen). Kwatanta, misali, tonality, haruffa nawa ne a ciki da menene mabuɗin haruffa a ciki, da sauransu.

Don haka, ka ga cewa mabuɗin alamomin B masu kaifi uku ne (F, C da G), amma babu alamun a cikin B; - maɓalli mai kaifi huɗu (F, C, G da D), kuma a cikin kaifi ɗaya kawai a maɓallin. Duk wannan saboda a cikin ƙananan, idan aka kwatanta da babba, ƙananan digiri na uku, na shida da na bakwai nau'i ne na alamun yanayin.

Don tuna abin da alamun maɓalli ke cikin maɓallai kuma kada ku ruɗe da su, kuna buƙatar ƙwarewar ƙa'idodi guda biyu masu sauƙi. Kara karantawa game da wannan a cikin labarin "Yadda za a tuna da alamomi masu mahimmanci." Karanta shi kuma ka koya, alal misali, ba a rubuta kaifi da filaye a cikin maɓalli ba cikin haɗari, amma a cikin takamaiman tsari, mai sauƙin tunawa, kuma wannan tsari yana taimaka muku nan take kewaya duk nau'ikan tonalities…

Daidaici da maɓallai masu suna

Lokaci ya yi da za a gano waɗanne sautunan layi ɗaya da menene maɓallai iri ɗaya. Mun riga mun ci karo da maɓallan suna iri ɗaya, a dai-dai lokacin da muke kwatanta manya da ƙananan maɓallai.

Makullan suna iri ɗaya - Waɗannan tonalities ne wanda tonic ɗin ya kasance iri ɗaya, amma yanayin ya bambanta. Misali,

Maɓallai masu layi daya - Waɗannan tonalities ne waɗanda alamomin maɓalli iri ɗaya, amma tonics daban-daban. Mun kuma ga wadannan: misali, tonality ba tare da alamu da kuma, ko, tare da kaifi daya da kuma tare da kaifi daya, a daya lebur (B) da kuma a daya alama - B-flat.

Maɓallai iri ɗaya da masu layi ɗaya koyaushe suna wanzu a cikin “manyan-kananan” biyu. Ga kowane maɓallan, zaku iya suna suna iri ɗaya da babba ko ƙarami a layi daya. Komai a bayyane yake tare da sunaye guda ɗaya, amma yanzu za mu yi magana da waɗanda ke daidai da su.

Yadda ake samun maɓalli mai layi daya?

Tonic na ƙananan ƙarami yana samuwa a kan mataki na shida na babban sikelin, kuma tonic na babban ma'auni na wannan suna yana kan mataki na uku na ƙananan sikelin. Misali, muna neman madaidaicin tonality don: mataki na shida cikin – bayanin kula, wanda ke nufin sautin da yake daidai da wani misali: muna neman layi daya don - muna ƙidaya matakai uku kuma muna samun daidaici.

Akwai wata hanya don nemo maɓalli mai layi daya. Dokar ta shafi: tonic na maɓalli na layi ɗaya shine ƙarami na uku ƙasa (idan muna neman ƙaramin ƙarami), ko ƙarami na uku sama (idan muna neman babban layi ɗaya). Abu na uku shi ne, yadda za a gina shi, da kuma duk wasu tambayoyi da suka shafi tazara a cikin talifin “Tsarin Waƙa.”

A takaice

Labarin yayi nazari akan tambayoyin: menene tonality, menene daidai da ƙayyadaddun kalmomi, menene rawar tonic da yanayin ke takawa, da kuma yadda alamun maɓalli suka bayyana a cikin tonalities.

A ƙarshe, wata hujja mai ban sha'awa. Akwai wani abu na kiɗa-psychological abu - abin da ake kira jin launi. Menene jin launi? Wannan wani nau'i ne na cikakkiyar farati inda mutum ya haɗa kowane maɓalli da launi. Mawaƙa NA suna da jin launi. Rimsky-Korsakov da AN Scriabin. Wataƙila kai ma za ka gano wannan iyawar ban mamaki a cikin kanka.

Ina yi muku fatan nasara a cikin ƙarin karatun ku na kiɗa. Bar tambayoyinku a cikin sharhi. Yanzu ina ba da shawarar ku ɗanɗana kaɗan kuma ku kalli bidiyo daga fim ɗin "Sake rubuta Beethoven" tare da ƙwaƙƙwaran kiɗa na mawaƙa na 9th Symphony, wanda, ta hanyar, ya riga ya saba muku.

"Sake rubuta Beethoven" - Symphony No. 9 (waƙa mai ban mamaki)