Vladimir Alexandrovich Dranishnikov |

Vladimir Dranishnikov

Mawaƙi mai daraja na RSFSR (1933). A 1909 ya sauke karatu daga regency azuzuwan na Kotun Singing Chapel da take na regent, a 1916 da St. Petersburg Conservatory, inda ya yi karatu da AK Esipova (piano), AK Lyadov, MO Steinberg, J. Vitol, VP (gudanarwa). ). A 1914 ya fara aiki a matsayin pianist-rakiyar a Mariinsky Theater. Tun 1918 madugu, tun 1925 babban shugaba da kuma shugaban na music bangaren na wannan gidan wasan kwaikwayo.

Dranishnikov ya kasance fitaccen jagoran opera. Zurfafa wahayi na wasan kwaikwayo na kida na wasan opera, da hankali na matakin, sabon abu da sabo na fassarar an haɗa shi tare da kyakkyawar ma'anar ma'auni tsakanin ka'idodin murya da kayan aiki, haɓakar choral - tare da mafi girman wadatar cantilena. na mawaƙa sauti.

A karkashin jagorancin Dranishnikov, an shirya wasan kwaikwayo na gargajiya a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Mariinsky (ciki har da Boris Godunov, a cikin sigar marubucin ta MP Mussorgsky, 1928; Sarauniyar Spades, 1935, da sauran operas na PI Tchaikovsky, "Wilhelm Tell", 1932; "Troubadour", 1933), ayyukan Soviet ("Eagle Revolt" Pashchenko, 1925; "Love for Three lemu" Prokofiev, 1926; "Harshen Paris" Asafiev, 1932) da kuma na zamani na Yammacin Turai composers ("Ringing Distant" na Schreker , 1925; "Wozzeck" na Berg, 1927).

Tun 1936, Dranishnikov ya zama m darektan da kuma babban shugaba na Kyiv Opera gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Ayyukan Lysenko's Tapac Bulba (sabon bugu na BN Lyatoshinsky, 1937), Lyatoshinsky's Shchorc (1938), Meitus' Perekop, Rybalchenko, Tica (1939). Har ila yau, ya yi aiki a matsayin mai gudanarwa da pianist (a cikin USSR da kasashen waje).

Mawallafin labarai, ayyukan kiɗa ("Symphonic etude" don piano tare da orc., vocals, da dai sauransu) da kwafi. MF Rylsky ya sadaukar da sonnet "Mutuwar Jarumi" don tunawa da Dranishnikov.

Abubuwan da aka tsara: Opera "Love for Three Lemu". Don samar da opera ta S. Prokofiev, a cikin: Ƙaunar lemu uku, L., 1926; Mawakan Symphony na zamani, a cikin: Modern Instrumentalism, L., 1927; Mawaƙi mai daraja EB Wolf-Israel. Zuwa bikin cika shekaru 40 na aikinsa na fasaha, L., 1934; Dramaturgy na kiɗa na Sarauniyar Spades, a cikin tarin: Sarauniyar Spades. Opera ta PI Tchaikovsky, L., 1935.

Mawaƙi mai girman kai da ɗabi'a, ƙwararren ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙididdigewa, mai gano sabbin dabaru a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗa - wannan shine yadda Dranishnikov ya shiga cikin fasaharmu. Ya kasance daya daga cikin masu kirkiro na farko na wasan kwaikwayo na opera na Soviet, daya daga cikin masu gudanarwa na farko wanda aikinsa gaba ɗaya ya kasance na zamaninmu.

Dranishnikov ya fara halarta a filin wasa yayin da yake dalibi a lokacin wasan kwaikwayo na rani a Pavlovsk. A cikin 1918, ya kammala karatunsa sosai daga Petrograd Conservatory a matsayin madugu (tare da N. Cherepnin), pianist da mawaki, ya fara gudanarwa a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Mariinsky, inda a baya ya yi aiki a matsayin mai rakiya. Tun daga wannan lokacin, yawancin shafuka masu haske a cikin tarihin wannan rukuni sun haɗa da sunan Dranishnikov, wanda a cikin 1925 ya zama babban jagoranta. Yana jan hankalin mafi kyawun daraktoci don yin aiki, sabunta repertoire. Duk sassan wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗa sun kasance ƙarƙashin gwanintarsa. Ayyukan da Dranishnikov ya fi so sun hada da operas na Glinka, Borodin, Mussorgsky, musamman Tchaikovsky (ya shirya Sarauniyar Spades, Iolanta, da Mazeppa, wasan opera wanda, a cikin kalmomin Asafiev, ya sake ganowa, yana nuna damuwa, mai sha'awar wannan mai haske. kiɗa mai ɗanɗano, jajirtattun hanyoyin sa, tausasawa, waƙoƙin mata”). Dranishnikov kuma ya juya zuwa tsohon kiɗa ("Mai ɗaukar Ruwa" na Cherubini, "Wilhelm Tell" na Rossini), ya yi wahayi zuwa ga Wagner ("Gold na Rhine", "Mutuwar alloli", "Tannhäuser", "Meistersingers"), Verdi. ("Il trovatore", "La Traviata", "Othello"), Wiese ("Carmen"). Amma ya yi aiki tare da sha'awa ta musamman akan ayyukan zamani, a karon farko yana nuna Leningraders Strauss's The Rosenkavalier, Ƙaunar Prokofiev don Lemu Uku, Ringing Distant Schreker, Tawayen Eagle na Pashchenko, da Ice da Karfe na Deshevov. A ƙarshe, ya karɓi repertoire na ballet daga hannun tsoho Drigo, yana sabunta dare na Masar, Chopiniana, Giselle, Carnival, shirya Harshen Paris. Irin wannan shine kewayon ayyukan wannan mai zane.

Bari mu ƙara da cewa Dranishnikov akai-akai yi a cikin kide-kide, inda ya yi nasara musamman a Berlioz's Damnation of Faust, Tchaikovsky's First Symphony, Prokofiev's Scythian Suite, da kuma aiki da Faransa Impressionists. Kuma kowane wasan kwaikwayo, kowane wasan kwaikwayo da Dranishnikov ya gudanar ya faru a cikin yanayi na farin ciki, tare da abubuwan da suka shafi fasaha mai mahimmanci. Masu sukar wasu lokuta sun iya "kama" shi a kan ƙananan kurakurai, akwai maraice lokacin da mai zane ya ji ba a cikin yanayi ba, amma babu wanda zai iya musun basirarsa a cikin iko.

Masanin ilimin kimiyya B. Asafiev, wanda ya yaba da fasahar Dranishnikov, ya rubuta: "Dukkan ayyukansa sun kasance "a kan halin yanzu", a kan ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun malamai. Kasancewa, da farko, mawaƙi mai hankali, mai jituwa mai hazaka, wanda ke da kunnen ciki mai arziki, wanda ya ba shi damar jin maki kafin ya yi sauti a cikin ƙungiyar makaɗa, Dranishnikov a cikin wasan kwaikwayon ya tafi daga kiɗa zuwa gudanarwa, kuma ba sabanin haka ba. Ya ɓullo da wani sassauƙa, dabara na asali, gaba ɗaya ƙarƙashin tsare-tsare, ra'ayoyi da motsin rai, kuma ba kawai dabarar motsin filastik ba, galibi galibi ana yin su ne don sha'awar jama'a.

Dranishnikov, wanda ko da yaushe ya damu sosai game da matsalolin kiɗa a matsayin magana mai rai, wato, da farko, fasaha na innation, wanda ikon pronunciation, magana, yana ɗaukar ma'anar wannan kiɗa kuma ya canza sauti na jiki zuwa wani abu. mai ɗaukar ra'ayi - Dranishnikov ya nemi yin hannun madugu - dabarar jagora - don yin malleable da hankali, kamar gabobin maganganun ɗan adam, don haka kiɗan ya yi sauti a cikin wasan kwaikwayon da farko azaman innation mai rai, wanda aka zazzage tare da ƙonawa na motsin rai. cewa a gaskiya yana ba da ma'ana. Wadannan buri nasa sun kasance a kan jirgin sama guda tare da ra'ayoyin manyan masu kirkiro fasaha na gaske…

... Sassaucin “hannunsa mai magana” ya kasance na ban mamaki, yaren kiɗan, ainihin ma’anarsa yana samuwa gare shi ta kowane fanni na fasaha da salo. Ba sauti guda ɗaya ba tare da ma'anar ma'anar aikin ba kuma ba sauti ɗaya daga cikin hoton ba, daga madaidaicin zane-zane na ra'ayoyi da kuma rayuwa ta rayuwa - wannan shine yadda mutum zai iya tsara credo na Dranishnikov mai fassara. .

Wani kyakkyawan fata ta dabi'a, ya nemi a cikin kiɗa, da farko, tabbatar da rayuwa - sabili da haka har ma da mafi yawan ayyuka masu ban tsoro, har ma da ayyukan guba da shakku, sun fara sauti kamar inuwar rashin bege ya taba su, "amma a lokacin. core madawwamiyar ƙaunar rayuwa ko da yaushe yana rera kansa.” Dranishnikov ya shafe shekaru na ƙarshe a Kyiv, inda daga 1936 ya jagoranci Opera da Ballet Theatre. Shevchenko. Daga cikin ayyukansa da aka yi a nan akwai shirye-shiryen "Taras Bulba" na Lysenko, "Shchors" na Lyatoshinsky, "Perekop" na Meitus, Rybalchenko da Titsa. Mutuwar da ba ta dace ba ta riske Dranishnikov a wurin aiki - nan da nan bayan fara wasan opera na ƙarshe.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969.