Menene ake kira maɓallan piano?

A cikin wannan labarin za mu saba da madannai na piano da sauran kayan kida na madannai. Za ku koyi game da sunayen maɓallan piano, menene octave, da yadda ake kunna rubutu mai kaifi ko lebur.

Kamar yadda ka sani, adadin maɓallan piano 88 (farare 52 da baƙi 36), kuma an tsara su a cikin wani tsari. Da farko dai, abin da aka faɗa ya shafi maɓallan baƙi: an shirya su bisa ga ka'ida ta dabam - biyu, uku, biyu, uku, biyu, uku, da dai sauransu. Me ya sa haka? - don dacewa da wasan da kuma sauƙi na kewayawa (daidaitawa). Wannan shine ka'ida ta farko. Ka’ida ta biyu ita ce, lokacin da ake zagayawa a kan maballin maballin daga hagu zuwa dama, sautin sauti yana ƙaruwa, wato ƙananan sauti suna cikin rabin hagu na maballin, manyan sauti suna cikin rabin dama. Lokacin da muka taɓa maɓallai a jere, muna da alama muna hawa matakan daga ƙananan sonorities zuwa rajista mafi girma.

Farin maɓallan piano kuma ana kiran su da manyan bayanan 7 - . Ana maimaita wannan “saitin” na maɓallan a cikin maballin sau da yawa, ana kiran kowane maimaitawa octave. A takaice dai, octave - wannan ita ce nisa daga bayanin kula ɗaya "" zuwa na gaba (zaka iya motsa octave duka sama da ƙasa). Duk sauran maɓallan () tsakanin su biyun an haɗa su cikin wannan octave kuma ana sanya su a ciki.

Ina bayanin kula?

Kun riga kun gane cewa ba rubutu ɗaya kaɗai ke kan madannai ba. Ka tuna cewa an shirya maɓallan baƙar fata a rukuni na biyu da uku? Don haka, duk wani rubutu yana kusa da rukunin baƙar fata maɓallai biyu, kuma yana gefen hagunsu (wato, kamar a gabansu).

To, ƙidaya bayanin kula nawa ne akan madannai na kayan aikin ku? Idan kun kasance a piano, to, akwai takwas daga cikinsu, idan kun kasance a cikin synthesizer, to za'a samu kaɗan. Dukansu suna cikin octaves daban-daban, za mu gane hakan a yanzu. Amma da farko, duba - yanzu kun san yadda ake kunna duk sauran bayanin kula:

Kuna iya fitar da wasu jagorori masu dacewa don kanku. To, alal misali, kamar haka: bayanin kula zuwa hagu na maɓallan baƙaƙe guda uku, ko rubutu tsakanin maɓallan baƙi biyu, da sauransu. Kuma za mu matsa zuwa octaves. Yanzu bari mu ƙidaya su. Cikakken octave dole ne ya ƙunshi duk ainihin sautuna guda bakwai. Akwai irin wannan octaves guda bakwai akan piano. A gefuna na madannai ba mu da isassun bayanai a cikin “saitin”: a ƙasa akwai kawai kuma, kuma a saman akwai bayanin kula guda ɗaya kawai – . Wadannan octaves, duk da haka, za su kasance suna da nasu sunayen, don haka za mu ɗauki waɗannan guntu a matsayin nau'in octaves daban-daban. Gabaɗaya, mun sami ƙwararrun octaves 7 da 2 “ɗaci” octaves.

Sunan Octave

Yanzu game da abin da ake kira octaves. Ana kiran su da sauƙi. A tsakiya (yawanci kai tsaye akasin sunan akan piano) shine farkon octave, zai kasance sama da ita na biyu, na uku, hudu da na biyar (bayani ɗaya a ciki, tuna, dama?). Yanzu daga farkon octave za mu matsa ƙasa: zuwa hagu na farko shine karamin octave, kara babban, counter octave и subcontra octave (wannan shine inda maɓallan farar fata da ).

Mu sake dubawa mu tuna:

Don haka, octaves ɗinmu suna maimaita sauti iri ɗaya, kawai a tsayi daban-daban. A zahiri, duk wannan yana nunawa a cikin bayanin kida. Misali, kwatanta yadda aka rubuta bayanin kula na octave na farko da kuma yadda aka rubuta bayanan da ke cikin clef bass na ƙaramin octave:

Wataƙila, tambayar ta daɗe da wucewa: me yasa ake buƙatar baƙar fata kwata-kwata, ba kawai don kewayawa ba? I mana. Hakanan ana kunna baƙaƙen maɓallan, kuma ana danna su ba ƙasa da yawa fiye da farare ba. To meye lamarin? Abinda ke nan shine: ban da matakan bayanin kula (waɗannan sune waɗanda muka buga akan maɓallan fararen kawai), akwai kuma ɗaya - galibi suna kan maɓallan baƙi. Ana kiran maɓallan piano baƙi daidai da fari, ɗaya kawai daga cikin kalmomi biyu ana ƙara su zuwa sunan - ko (misali, ko). Yanzu bari mu gano abin da yake da kuma abin da yake.

Yadda za a yi wasa da kaifi da filaye?

Bari mu yi la'akari da duk maɓallan da ke cikin kowane octave: idan kun ƙidaya baki da fari tare, ya zama cewa akwai 12 daga cikinsu gaba ɗaya (7 fari + 5 baki). Ya bayyana cewa octave ya kasu kashi 12 (matakai 12 daidai), kuma kowane maɓalli a cikin wannan yanayin shine sashi ɗaya (mataki ɗaya). Anan, nisa daga maɓalli ɗaya zuwa maƙwabta mafi kusa shine semitone (ba kome ba inda aka sanya semitone: sama ko ƙasa, tsakanin farar maɓalli biyu ko tsakanin maɓalli na baki da fari). Don haka, octave ya ƙunshi semitones 12.

Goma - wannan karuwa ne a cikin babban mataki ta hanyar semitone, wato, idan muna buƙatar yin wasa, ka ce, bayanin kula, to, ba mu danna maɓallin ba, amma bayanin kula wanda shine mafi girma. – maɓalli baƙar fata kusa (zuwa hannun dama na maɓallin).

lebur yana da kishiyar tasiri. lebur – Wannan raguwar babban mataki ne ta hanyar semitone. Idan muna buƙatar yin wasa, alal misali, to, ba ma kunna farin “” ba, amma danna maɓallin baƙar fata kusa, wanda ke ƙasa da wannan (a hagu na maɓallin).

Yanzu ya bayyana a fili cewa kowane maɓalli na baki ko dai mai kaifi ne ko lebur na ɗaya daga cikin bayanan "farar" makwabta. Amma kaifi ko lebur ba koyaushe yana mamaye maɓalli ba. Misali, tsakanin maɓallan farare irin na baƙar fata ko a'a. Sannan yaya ake wasa?

Abu ne mai sauqi qwarai – komai yana bin ka’ida ɗaya: Bari in tunatar da ku cewa – wannan ita ce mafi ɗan gajeren tazara tsakanin kowane maɓalli biyu da ke kusa. Wannan yana nufin cewa don yin wasa, mun gangara zuwa semitone - mun gano cewa filin wasa ya dace da bayanin kula B. Hakazalika, kuna buƙatar yin wasa - tashi sama da semitone: yayi daidai da maɓalli. Ana kiran sauti iri ɗaya a cikin sauti amma an rubuta daban enharmonic (daidai gwargwado).

Ok ya ƙare Yanzu! Ina tsammanin komai a bayyane yake. Dole ne in ƙara wani abu game da yadda aka tsara kaifi da lebur a cikin waƙar takarda. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da gumaka na musamman waɗanda aka rubuta kafin bayanin kula da ke buƙatar canzawa.

Ƙarƙashin ƙarshe

A cikin wannan labarin, mun gano abin da ake kira maɓallan piano, abin da bayanin kula ya dace da kowane maɓalli, da kuma yadda ake kewaya maballin cikin sauƙi. Mun kuma gano abin da octave yake kuma mun koyi sunayen duk kwarin da ke kan piano. Har ila yau, kun san abin da kaifi da lebur suke, da yadda ake nemo masu kaifi da flats akan maballin.

Allon madannai na piano na duniya ne. Wasu kayan kida da yawa suna sanye da nau'ikan maɓallan madannai iri ɗaya. Wannan ba kawai babban piano ba ne da piano madaidaiciya, amma accordion, garaya, gabo, celesta, garaya na madannai, synthesizer, da sauransu. Rubutun kan kayan kida - xylophone, marimba, vibraphone - suna kan ƙirar irin wannan maballin. .

Idan kuna sha'awar tsarin ciki na piano, idan kuna sha'awar sanin yadda kuma inda sautin wannan kayan aikin ban mamaki ya fito, to ina ba da shawarar karanta labarin "Tsarin piano." Zan gan ka! Bar maganganun ku a ƙasa, danna "Like" don raba abubuwan da kuka samo tare da abokai da masu ra'ayi a cikin VKontakte, duniya ta da Facebook.