Toti Dal Monte (Toti Dal Monte) |

Toti Dal Monte

Toti Dal Monte (sunan gaske - Antonietta Menegelli) an haife shi a ranar 27 ga Yuni, 1893 a garin Mogliano Veneto. "Sunana na fasaha - Toti Dal Monte - ba, a cikin kalmomin Goldoni ba, 'ya'yan itacen "ƙirar dabara", amma nawa ne ta hannun dama, mawaƙin ya rubuta daga baya. “Toti ɗan ƙaramin Antoniette ne, abin da iyalina suka kira ni da ƙauna ke nan tun ina ƙarami. Dal Monte shine sunan mahaifi na kakata (a gefen mahaifiyata), wanda ya fito daga "iyalin Venetian masu daraja". Na ɗauki sunan Toti Dal Monte daga ranar da na fara fitowa a matakin wasan opera ta hanyar haɗari, ƙarƙashin rinjayar kwatsam.

Mahaifinta malamin makaranta ne kuma shugaban kungiyar makada ta lardin. A karkashin jagorancinsa, Toti mai shekaru biyar ya riga ya sami lafiya kuma ya buga piano. Sanin tushen ka'idar kiɗa, tana da shekaru tara ta rera waƙoƙi masu sauƙi da waƙoƙin Schubert da Schumann.

Ba da daɗewa ba iyalin suka ƙaura zuwa Venice. Matashi Toti ta fara ziyartar gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Femice Opera, inda ta fara jin girmama Mascagni na Karkara da Pagliacci na Puccini. A gida, bayan wasan kwaikwayo, za ta iya rera waƙa da ta fi so ariyas da abubuwan operas har zuwa safiya.

Duk da haka, Toti ya shiga Venice Conservatory a matsayin dan wasan pian, yana karatu tare da Maestro Tagliapietro, dalibin Ferruccio Busoni. Kuma wa ya san yadda makomarta za ta kasance, idan, tun da ta kusa kammala ɗakin karatu, ba ta ji rauni a hannun dama ba - ta tsage agara. Wannan ya kai ta zuwa "Sarauniyar bel canto" Barbara Marchisio.

"Barbara Marchisio! ya tuna Dal Monte. “Ta koya mani da ƙauna marar iyaka daidaitaccen sautin sauti, ƙarara jumloli, karantarwa, tsarin fasaha na hoton, fasahar murya wacce ba ta san wata matsala a kowane sashe ba. Amma nawa ne ma'auni, arpeggios, legato da staccato ya kamata a rera su, don cimma cikakkiyar aiki!

Ma'aunin Halftone sune cibiyar koyarwa da Barbara Marchisio ta fi so. Ta sa ni na dauki kwafar guda biyu kasa sama da numfashi daya. A cikin ajin ta kasance cikin natsuwa, haquri, ta yi bayanin komai cikin sauki da gamsarwa, da kyar ta rinka tsawatar mata.

Azuzuwan yau da kullun tare da Marchisio, babban sha'awa da juriya wanda matashin mawaƙi ke aiki, yana ba da sakamako mai kyau. A lokacin rani na 1915, Toti ya yi wasa a karon farko a cikin budaddiyar kide-kide, kuma a cikin Janairu 1916 ya sanya hannu kan kwantiraginsa na farko tare da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na La Scala na Milan don samun lada goma lire a rana.

"Sai kuma ranar farko ta zo," mawaƙin ya rubuta a cikin littafinta "Voice Sama da Duniya". Zazzabi tashin hankali ya yi mulki a kan mataki da kuma a cikin ɗakunan tufafi. Kyawawan masu sauraro, cike da kowane kujeru a dakin taro, suna jiran labulen ya tashi; Maestro Marinuzzi ya ƙarfafa mawaƙan, waɗanda suka damu da damuwa sosai. Kuma ni, ni… ban gani ko jin komai a kusa ba; sanye da farar riga, mai gashin gashi… wanda aka yi da taimakon abokan aikina, na zama a raina kamar alamar kyau.

A karshe mun dauki matakin; Ni ne mafi ƙanƙanta duka. Na zaro idanuwa cikin duhun ramin falon, ina shiga a daidai lokacin, amma da alama muryar ba tawa ba ce. Kuma banda haka, abin mamaki ne mara daɗi. Da gudu na hau matakan fadar tare da kuyangi, na yi karo da doguwar rigata na fadi, na buga guiwa da karfi. Na ji zafi mai tsanani, amma nan da nan na yi tsalle. "Wataƙila babu wanda ya lura da wani abu?" Na yi murna, sannan na gode Allah, aikin ya kare.

Lokacin da tafi ta mutu kuma ƴan wasan sun daina ba da ƙwallo, abokan hulɗa na sun kewaye ni kuma suka fara yi mini ta'aziyya. Hawaye ne suka soma zubowa daga idanuna, da alama ni ce macen da ta fi kowa wahala a duniya. Wanda Ferrario ya zo wurina ya ce:

"Kada ka yi kuka, Toti… Ka tuna… Kun fadi a farkon, don haka sa ran sa'a!"

Samar da "Francesca da Rimini" a kan mataki na "La Scala" wani lamari ne da ba za a iya mantawa da shi ba a cikin rayuwar kiɗa. Jaridu sun cika da sharhi game da wasan kwaikwayo. Har ila yau, wallafe-wallafe da yawa sun lura da matashin debutante. Jaridar Stage Arts ta rubuta: "Toti Dal Monte yana ɗaya daga cikin mawaƙa masu ban sha'awa na wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo", kuma Musical and Drama Review ya lura: "Toti Dal Monte a cikin rawar Snow White yana cike da alheri, tana da katako mai laushi. murya da kuma salo na ban mamaki".

Tun farkon ayyukanta na fasaha, Toti Dal Monte ta zagaya Italiya sosai, tana yin wasan kwaikwayo daban-daban. A cikin 1917 ta yi wasa a Florence, tana rera waƙoƙin solo a cikin Stabat Mater na Pergolesi. A watan Mayu na wannan shekarar, Toti ya rera waƙa sau uku a Genoa a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Paganini, a cikin wasan opera Don Pasquale na Donizetti, inda, kamar yadda ita kanta ta yi imani, ta sami babban nasara ta farko.

Bayan Genoa, Ricordi Society ya gayyace ta don yin wasan opera na Puccini The Swallows. An yi sabbin wasanni a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Politeama da ke Milan, a cikin operas na Verdi Un ballo a maschera da Rigoletto. Bayan wannan, a Palermo, Toti ya taka rawar Gilda a Rigoletto kuma ya shiga cikin farkon Mascagni's Lodoletta.

Dawowa daga Sicily zuwa Milan, Dal Monte yana raira waƙa a cikin shahararren salon "Chandelier del Ritratto". Ta rera arias daga operas na Rossini (The Barber of Seville da William Tell) da Bizet (The Pearl Fishers). Wadannan kide-kide suna abin tunawa ga mai zane saboda saninta da shugaba Arturo Toscanini.

“Wannan taro yana da matukar muhimmanci ga makomar mawakin nan gaba. A farkon 1919, ƙungiyar makaɗa, wanda Toscanini ya jagoranta, ta yi wasan kwaikwayo na tara na Beethoven a karon farko a Turin. Toti Dal Monte ya halarci wannan kide kide tare da tenor Di Giovanni, bass Luzicar da mezzo-soprano Bergamasco. A cikin Maris 1921, singer ya sanya hannu kan kwangila don rangadin biranen Latin Amurka: Buenos Aires, Rio de Janeiro, San Paolo, Rosario, Montevideo.

A tsakiyar wannan babban balaguron farko da nasara, Toti Dal Monte ya karɓi telegram daga Toscanini tare da tayin shiga cikin sabon samarwa na Rigoletto wanda aka haɗa a cikin repertoire na La Scala na lokacin 1921/22. Mako guda bayan haka, Toti Dal Monte ya riga ya kasance a Milan kuma ya fara aiki mai wuyar gaske a kan siffar Gilda a karkashin jagorancin babban jagoran. Farkon "Rigoletto" wanda Toscanini ya shirya a lokacin rani na 1921 ya shiga cikin taskar fasahar kiɗa na duniya har abada. Toti Dal Monte ya ƙirƙira a cikin wannan wasan kwaikwayon hoton Gilda, yana jan hankali cikin tsabta da alheri, yana iya isar da inuwar mafi ƙarancin ji na yarinya mai ƙauna da wahala. Kyawun muryarta, haɗe da ƴancin jimla da kamalar muryarta, sun shaida cewa ta riga ta zama ƙwararriyar ubangida.

Ya gamsu da nasarar Rigoletto, Toscanini sannan ya shirya Lucia di Lammermoor na Donizetti tare da Dal Monte. Kuma wannan samarwa ya kasance nasara…”

A watan Disamba 1924, Dal Monte ya rera waka tare da nasara a New York, a Metropolitan Opera. Kamar dai yadda ta yi nasara a Amurka, ta yi wasa a Chicago, Boston, Indianapolis, Washington, Cleveland da San Francisco.

Sunan Dal Monte da sauri ya bazu fiye da Italiya. Ta yi tafiya zuwa duk nahiyoyi kuma ta yi tare da mafi kyawun mawaƙa na karni na karshe: E. Caruso, B. Gigli, T. Skipa, K. Galeffi, T. Ruffo, E. Pinza, F. Chaliapin, G. Bezanzoni. Dal Monte ya yi nasarar ƙirƙirar hotuna da ba za a manta da su ba, kamar Lucia, Gilda, Rosina da sauransu, a cikin fiye da shekaru talatin na wasan kwaikwayo a kan matakan mafi kyawun gidajen opera a duniya.

Daya daga cikin mafi kyaun matsayinta, mai zane yayi la'akari da rawar Violetta a cikin Verdi's La traviata:

“Idan na tuna jawabai na a 1935, na riga na ambata Oslo. Ya kasance mataki mai mahimmanci a cikin aikin fasaha na. A nan ne, a babban babban birnin Norway, na fara rera sashen Violetta a La Traviata.

Wannan hoton ɗan adam na mace mai wahala - labarin soyayya mai ban tausayi wanda ya taɓa duk duniya - ba zai iya barin ni ba. Yana da wuce gona da iri a ce akwai baki a kusa, wani zalunci na kadaici. Amma yanzu bege ya farka a cikina, kuma nan da nan ya ji sauki a raina…

Amsar da na yi ta farko ta isa Italiya, kuma ba da daɗewa ba rediyon Italiya ya sami damar watsa rikodin wasan kwaikwayo na uku na La Traviata daga Oslo. Jagoran shine Dobrovein, ƙwararren masanin wasan kwaikwayo kuma ƙwararren mawaki. Jarrabawar ta kasance mai matukar wahala, ban da haka, a zahiri, ban sha'awa sosai a kan mataki ba saboda ɗan gajeren tsayina. Amma na yi aiki ba gajiyawa kuma na yi nasara…

Tun daga 1935, ɓangaren Violetta ya mamaye ɗaya daga cikin manyan wurare a cikin repertoire, kuma dole ne in jimre da nisa daga duel mai sauƙi tare da “ƙishiyoyin hamaiya”.

Shahararrun Violettas na waɗannan shekarun sune Claudia Muzio, Maria Canilla, Gilda Dalla Rizza da Lucrezia Bori. Ba a gare ni ba, ba shakka, in yi hukunci a kan aikina kuma in yi kwatance. Amma zan iya cewa La Traviata ba ta kawo mini nasara ba kamar Lucia, Rigoletto, Barber na Seville, La Sonnambula, Lodoletta, da sauransu.

An maimaita nasarar Norway a farkon wasan opera na Italiya ta Verdi. Ya faru ne a ranar 9 ga Janairu, 1936 a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Neapolitan "San Carlo" ... Yariman Piedmontese, Countess d'Aosta da mai sukar Pannein sun kasance a gidan wasan kwaikwayo, ainihin ƙaya a cikin zuciyar mawaƙa da mawaƙa da yawa. Amma komai ya tafi daidai. Bayan guguwar tafawa a karshen wasan farko, sha'awar masu sauraro ta karu. Kuma a lokacin da, a cikin na biyu da na uku ayyuka, na gudanar da isar, kamar yadda ga alama a gare ni, duk pathos na Violetta ta ji, ta sadaukar da kai a cikin soyayya, da zurfin jin cizon yatsa bayan rashin adalci zagi da kuma makawa mutuwa, da sha'awa. kuma sha'awar masu sauraro ba ta da iyaka kuma ta taɓa ni.

Dal Monte ya ci gaba da yin wasan kwaikwayo a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu. A cewarta, ta sami kanta a cikin 1940-1942 "tsakanin dutse da wuri mai wuya kuma ba za ta iya ƙin yarda da kide-kiden da aka riga aka yi ba a Berlin, Leipzig, Hamburg, Vienna."

A dama ta farko, mai zane ya zo Ingila kuma ya yi farin ciki sosai lokacin da, a wani wasan kwaikwayo na London, ta ji cewa karfin sihiri na kiɗa yana kama masu sauraro. A sauran garuruwan Ingila an karbe ta sosai.

Ba da daɗewa ba ta sake yin wani balaguron yawon shakatawa na Switzerland, Faransa, Belgium. Dawowa Italiya, ta rera waƙa a cikin wasan kwaikwayo da yawa, amma galibi a cikin Barber na Seville.

A 1948, bayan yawon shakatawa na Kudancin Amirka, singer ya bar wasan opera. Wani lokaci takan zama 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mai ban mamaki. Yana ba da lokaci mai yawa don koyarwa. Dal Monte ya rubuta littafin "Voice over the world", wanda aka fassara zuwa Rashanci.

Toti Dal Monte ya mutu a ranar 26 ga Janairu, 1975.