Vissarion Yakovlevich Shebalin |

Visarion Shebalin

Kowane mutum ya zama masanin gine-gine, kuma ƙasar Motherland ta zama haikalinsa. V. Shebalin

A cikin V. Shebalin mai fasaha, Jagora, ɗan ƙasa yana da alaƙa da juna. Mutuncin yanayinsa da kyawun kamanninsa na kirkire-kirkire, kunya, mai da hankali, rashin daidaituwa, duk wanda ya san Shebalin kuma ya taɓa yin magana da shi yana lura da shi. “Shi mutum ne mai ban mamaki. Alherinsa, gaskiyarsa, bin ƙa'idodinsa koyaushe suna faranta min rai," D. Shostakovich ya rubuta. Shebalin yana da kyakkyawar fahimtar zamani. Ya shiga duniyar fasaha tare da sha'awar ƙirƙirar ayyuka daidai da lokacin da ya rayu kuma ya shaida abubuwan da ya kasance. Jigogin rubuce-rubucensa sun yi fice saboda dacewarsu, mahimmancinsu da mahimmancinsu. Amma girmansu ba ya ɓacewa a bayan zurfin cikarsu da kuma ƙarfin ɗabi'a na bayyanawa, waɗanda ba za a iya isar da su ta waje ba, tasirin kwatance. Yana bukatar tsarkakakkiyar zuciya da ruhi mai karimci.

An haifi Shebalin a cikin dangin masu hankali. A 1921, ya shiga Omsk Musical College a cikin aji na M. Nevitov (dalibi na R. Gliere), daga wanda ya sake buga wata babbar adadin ayyukan da daban-daban mawallafa, ya fara zama saba da ayyukan N. Myaskovsky. . Sun burge saurayin sosai cewa ya yanke shawarar kansa: a nan gaba, ci gaba da karatu kawai tare da Myaskovsky. Wannan sha'awar ta cika a shekara ta 1923, lokacin da, bayan kammala karatunsa daga kwalejin kafin lokaci, Shebalin ya isa Moscow kuma aka shigar da shi a Moscow Conservatory. A wannan lokaci, matashin mawaki ta m jakar hada da dama Orchestral abun da ke ciki, da dama piano guda, romances zuwa wakoki na R. Demel, A. Akhmatova, Sappho, farkon Quartet na Farko, da dai sauransu. A matsayin dalibi na 2nd shekara a makarantar. Conservatory, ya rubuta Symphony na farko (1925). Kuma ko da yake shi ba shakka har yanzu nuna da tasiri na Myaskovsky, wanda, kamar yadda Shebalin daga baya ya tuna, ya zahiri "duba cikin bakinsa" da kuma bi da shi a matsayin "zama mafi girma domin", duk da haka, da haske m individuality na marubucin, kuma sha'awar sa na tunani mai zaman kansa. An sami karbuwa sosai a Leningrad a watan Nuwamba 1926 kuma an sami mafi kyawun amsa daga manema labarai. Bayan 'yan watanni, B. Asafiev ya rubuta a cikin mujallar "Kiɗa da Juyin Juyin Halitta" cewa: "... Shebalin ba shakka gwani ne mai ƙarfi kuma mai ƙarfi… Zai juyo, ya miƙe, ya rera waƙar rai mai ƙarfi da farin ciki.

Waɗannan kalmomi sun zama annabci. Shebalin da gaske yana samun ƙarfi daga shekara zuwa shekara, ƙwarewarsa da fasaha suna girma. Bayan ya kammala karatunsa na jami'ar Conservatory (1928), ya zama daya daga cikin dalibanta na farko da ya kammala digiri, kuma an gayyace shi ya koyar. Tun 1935 ya kasance farfesa a ɗakin ajiyar, kuma tun 1942 ya zama darekta. Ayyukan da aka rubuta a cikin nau'o'i daban-daban suna bayyana daya bayan daya: wasan kwaikwayo na ban mamaki "Lenin" (ga mai karatu, soloists, mawaƙa da mawaƙa), wanda shine babban aikin farko da aka rubuta zuwa ayoyin V. Mayakovsky, 5 symphonies, ɗakin da yawa. kayan aiki ensembles, ciki har da 9 quartets, 2 opera ("The Taming of the Shrew" da "The Sun over the Steppe"), 2 ballets ("The Lark", "Memories of Days Past"), operetta "Ango daga Ofishin Jakadancin”, 2 cantatas, rukunin kade-kade 3, mawaka sama da 70, kusan wakoki 80 da soyayya, kida don nunin rediyo, fina-finai (22), wasan kwaikwayo (35).

Irin wannan nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i) nau'i. Ya maimaita wa ɗalibansa cewa: “Mawaƙin mawaki dole ne ya iya yin komai.” Babu shakka, wanda ya ƙware a dukan asirin tsara zane zai iya faɗin irin waɗannan kalmomi kuma ya zama misali mai kyau da za mu bi. Duk da haka, saboda rashin jin kunya da kunya, Vissarion Yakovlevich, yayin da yake karatu tare da dalibai, kusan bai taba magana game da nasa abubuwan ba. Ko da aka taya shi murnar nasarar wannan ko wancan aikin, sai ya yi kokarin karkatar da zancen zuwa gefe. Don haka, don yabawa game da nasarar samar da wasan opera nasa The Taming of the Shrew, Shebalin, ya ji kunya kuma kamar yana baratar da kansa, ya amsa: “Akwai… akwai libertto mai ƙarfi.”

Jerin dalibansa (ya kuma koyar da abun da ke ciki a Makarantar Music ta Tsakiya da kuma a makarantar a Moscow Conservatory) yana da ban sha'awa ba kawai a cikin adadi ba, har ma a cikin abun da ke ciki: T. Khrennikov. A. Spadavekkia, T. Nikolaeva, K. Khachaturyan, A. Pakhmutova, S. Slonimsky, B. Tchaikovsky, S. Gubaidulina, E. Denisov, A. Nikolaev, R. Ledenev, N. Karetnikov, V. Agafonnikov, V. Kuchera (Czechoslovakia), L. Auster, V. Enke (Estonia) da sauransu. Dukansu suna haɗuwa da ƙauna da girmamawa ga malami - mutumin da ke da ilimin encyclopedic da iyawa daban-daban, wanda babu abin da ba zai yiwu ba. Ya san kasidu da adabi, ya tsara wakoki da kansa, ya kware sosai a fannin fasaha, ya yi magana da Latin, Faransanci, Jamusanci kuma ya yi amfani da nasa fassarar (misali, waqoqin H. Heine). Ya yi magana kuma yana abokantaka da manyan mutane na zamaninsa: tare da V. Mayakovsky, E. Bagritsky, N. Aseev, M. Svetlov, M. Bulgakov, A. Fadeev, Vs. Meyerhold, O. Knipper-Chekhova, V. Stanitsyn, N. Khmelev, S. Eisenstein, Ya. Protazanov da sauransu.

Shebalin ya ba da babbar gudummawa wajen bunkasa al'adun al'adun kasa. Cikakken bincike mai zurfi game da ayyukan gargajiya na Rasha da shi ya ba shi damar aiwatar da ayyuka masu mahimmanci a kan sabuntawa, kammalawa da gyara ayyukan da yawa ta M. Glinka (Symphony a kan jigogi na 2 na Rasha, Septet, motsa jiki don murya, da sauransu). , M. Mussorgsky ("Sorochinsky Fair"), S. Gulak-Artemovsky (II aiki na opera "Zaporozhets bayan Danube"), P. Tchaikovsky, S. Taneyev.

Ayyukan kirkire-kirkire da zamantakewa na mawaƙa sun kasance alama ce ta manyan lambobin yabo na gwamnati. A shekara ta 1948, Shebalin ya sami takardar shaidar ba da lambar yabo ta Jama'ar Jama'a na Jamhuriyar, kuma wannan shekarar ta zama shekara ta gwaji mai tsanani a gare shi. A cikin Dokar Fabrairu na Babban Kwamitin Kwaminisanci na Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Bolsheviks "A kan opera" Babban Abota "" na V. Muradeli, aikinsa, kamar aikin abokansa da abokan aiki - Shostakovich, Prokofiev, Myaskovsky, Khachaturian. , an sha suka mai kaifi da rashin adalci. Kuma ko da yake bayan shekaru 10 an karyata, a lokacin Shebalin an cire shi daga jagorancin Conservatory har ma daga aikin koyarwa. Tallafin ya fito ne daga Cibiyar Gudanar da Soja, inda Shebalin ya fara koyarwa sannan ya jagoranci Sashen Ka'idar Kiɗa. Bayan shekaru 3, bisa gayyatar da sabon darektan Conservatory A. Sveshnikov, ya koma farfesa na Conservatory. Duk da haka, zargin da bai dace ba da kuma raunin da ya faru ya shafi yanayin kiwon lafiya: haɓakar hawan jini ya haifar da bugun jini da kuma gurgunta hannun dama ... Amma ya koyi rubuta da hannunsa na hagu. Mawaƙin ya kammala wasan opera da aka fara a baya The Taming of the Shrew - ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun halittarsa ​​- kuma ya ƙirƙiri wasu ayyuka masu ban mamaki. Waɗannan su ne sonatas don violin, viola, cello da piano, Quartets na takwas da na tara, da kuma maɗaukakin Symphony na biyar, waƙar da gaske ita ce "ƙaramar waƙa ta rayuwa" kuma an bambanta ba kawai ta hanyar haskakawa ta musamman ba. , haske, m, farawa mai tabbatar da rayuwa, amma kuma ta hanyar sauƙi mai ban mamaki, cewa sauƙi da dabi'a waɗanda suke da mahimmanci kawai a cikin mafi girman misalan halittar fasaha.

N. Simakova