Friedrich von Flotow |

Friedrich von Flotow

Flotov. "Marta". M'appari (B. Gigli)

Flotov shahara yanzu dogara ba ko da a kan daya opera "Marta", amma a daya daga gare ta Aria, ko da yake a tsakiyar karni na 30 ya kasance daga cikin shahararrun mawallafa na Jamus comic operas. Adadin su ya wuce XNUMX a Flotov.

Sunan mai suna Flotov, wanda ya yi kama da Rashanci, ya fito ne daga sunan gidan gidan Vlotho a Westphalia kusa da Minden a kan kogin Weser (yanzu cibiyar yankin North Rhine-Westphalia). Kakannin mawakin sun koma Mecklenburg a baya a cikin karni na 1810, an dauki danginsa na baronial daya daga cikin mafi tsufa a wannan ƙasa kuma shine majibincin yawancin masu mallakar ƙasa. A cikin 26, mahaifin mawaki, jami'in sojan Prussian, ya zama mai mallakar ƙasar. Duk da haka, mamayewar Napoleon ya kai shi ga lalata, kuma an haifi mawaƙin nan gaba Friedrich von Flotow a watan Afrilu 1812, XNUMX a cikin gidan ƙasa mai kyau na gidan gidan Teitendorf a Mecklenburg. Mahaifinsa ya ba shi hidimar diflomasiyya, ya gani a cikin kiɗa kawai abin sha'awa mai daɗi kuma a kowane hanya mai yiwuwa yana adawa da haɓaka ƙwarewar ɗan yaro. Friedrich ya sami darussa na piano na farko daga mahaifiyarsa da malamin gida, sannan ya karanta sashin jiki da jituwa, ya buga viola a cikin da'irar waƙa na gida, kuma ya fara tsarawa a asirce. Lokacin da yake da shekaru goma sha shida, mahaifinsa ya ba da buƙatun da ake buƙata kuma ya tafi tare da ɗansa zuwa Paris. A nan Flotov yayi karatu tare da mafi kyawun malamai - virtuoso pianist JP Piksis da farfesa na Conservatory, mawaki A. Reicha (Berlioz shi ne dalibinsa a lokaci guda).

Juyin Julin Yuli na 1830 ya tilasta Flotov barin Paris, inda ya dawo a watan Mayu na shekara mai zuwa kuma ya zama abokai na kud da kud da Meyerbeer, Offenbach, Rossini, da marubutan wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo na Faransa. Flotov ya rubuta wasan operas na farko don wasan kwaikwayo na mai son a cikin salon salon aristocratic. Wannan ya sa sunansa ya shahara a birnin Paris, kuma a ƙarshe, a cikin 1835, farkon wasan opera "Peter da Katerina" ya faru a kan matakin ƙwararru - a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Kotun Schwerin. Ya sami nasarar Fleets da samarwa a cikin ƙaramin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Paris, wanda ya ƙirƙira operas tare da haɗin gwiwar mawaƙa na Faransa. Nasarar farko ta zo ne ta hanyar jirgin ruwa na Medusa (1839), bayan haka Flotov ya shiga manyan matakai na babban birnin Faransa - Grand Opera da Opéra-Comique. Ganewa a Jamus ya zo tare da Alessandro Stradella, wasan opera zuwa libertto na Jamus wanda aka yi a Hamburg (1844) kuma nan da nan a wasu biranen Turai. Duk da haka, wannan nasarar da aka rufe bayan shekaru uku da Marta, mafi girma nasara Flotov, wanda bai taba iya tashi a sake a duk m 35 shekaru na aikinsa.

A 1855, Flotov aka gayyace zuwa post na darektan Kotun gidan wasan kwaikwayo da kuma shugaban kotu music a Schwerin, ya sadaukar da yawa kokarin da sake tsara kungiyar makada, amma ya ci nasara a cikin "bakwai shekaru yaki" tare da intrigues da intrigues. ya koma birnin Paris a shekara ta 1863. Bayan shekaru biyar, ya zauna a gidansa a Lower Austria kuma ya sami kansa da dangantaka da Vienna, birnin da aka fi so. Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Viennese yana buƙatar ƙarin abubuwan samarwa, kuma Flotov yana sake yin tsohuwar wasan operas na Faransa tare da haɗin gwiwar ɗan Jamusanci mai zaman kansa. Duk da haka, kowane wasan opera na gaba ya zama mai rauni fiye da na baya, don haka kawai inuwa ta rage na marubucin "Marta" ("Shadow" da "Shadowsa" sune sunayen Faransanci da Jamusanci na ɗaya daga cikin operas na Flotov. ). Mawaƙin ya shafe shekaru na ƙarshe na rayuwarsa a wani ƙasa kusa da Darmstadt, kuma a cikin Afrilu 1882 ya tafi Vienna, inda aka gayyace shi a matsayin baƙon girmamawa ga wasan kwaikwayo na 500 na Martha a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Kotun. Haka ya yi bikin cika shekaru 70 a duniya.

Flotov ya mutu a ranar 24 ga Janairu, 1883 a Darmstadt.

A. Koenigsberg