Harmonicas Hand: zane, tarihin asali, iri

Fiye da shekaru 200 sun shude tun bayan bayyanar haɗin gwiwar hannu. Fitowar wannan kayan aikin ya zama abin da ake buƙata don fitowar irin shahararrun tsarin kiɗan kamar maɓalli da accordion, waɗanda a yau suna cikin ƙungiyar ilimi. Amma harmonicas iri-iri iri-iri na ci gaba da yin maci a duniya, suna jan hankalin masu sauraro da sauti iri-iri.

Design

Ko wane iri-iri na harmonica, bisa ga nau'in samar da sauti, kowane nau'in kayan kida ne na Reed, wato, ana fitar da sautin a ƙarƙashin aikin rafi da ke shafar ramin. A waje, na'urar harmonica tayi kama da haka:

• hagu rabin-jiki tare da nasa madannai;
• rabin-jiki na dama tare da madannai da ke kan allon yatsa;
• Jawo dakin tare da daban-daban adadin barin (folds).

Na'urar ta ciki tana da babban abu - muryar murya, wanda aka haɗa harsuna. Akwai guda biyu daga cikinsu. Ɗayan yana girgiza idan an buɗe ƙwanƙwasa, ɗayan kuma idan an matsa. Wannan fasalin haɗin gwiwar hannu yana dogara ne akan gaskiyar cewa lokacin da aka shimfiɗa bellows kuma aka koma matsayinsu na asali, yanayin iska yana canzawa.

Harmonica yana da ma'aunin diatonic. Wannan shine ɗayan manyan bambance-bambance daga dangi harmonica bayan da accordion tare da chromatic ko gauraye.

Aikin harmonica ya dogara ne akan ƙa'idar tsarin maɓalli na lever, kamar piano. Lokacin da aka danna maɓalli, buɗewa yana faruwa a cikin bene, ta inda iska ta shiga ɗakin resonator, inda ake samun redu.

Ana kiran na'urar "manual" saboda mai kunnawa accordion yana riƙe da ita a hannunsa. Don dacewa, madauri suna jingina ga jiki, wanda ke ba ka damar sanya su a kan kafadu ko ƙananan madauri don dacewa da gyaran hannunka idan samfurin ya kasance karami.

Tarihi

Ana ɗaukar Jamus a matsayin wurin haifuwa na accordion. A cikin 20s na karni na 19, masanin Berlin Friedrich Buschmann ya tsara kayan aikin farko. Kayan aikin da ya ƙirƙira ya zama sananne da suna "harmonica". Amma akwai nau'ikan da za a iya ƙirƙira shi a Ingila har ma a St. Petersburg.

Mafarin harmonica shine harmonica. Yana da irin wannan hanyar samar da sauti.

A cikin 30-40s na karni na XNUMX, harmonicas na farko ya fara bayyana a Rasha. Masu hannu da shuni ne suka kawo su daga kasashen waje. A sa'i daya kuma, an fara kera sana'o'in hannu da masu sana'ar Rasha suka yi a lardin Tula.

Ana ɗaukar masu sana'ar hannu na Tula a matsayin farkon masana'antar harmonica. Sun yi kayan aiki mai haske tare da jeri ɗaya na maɓalli a hannun dama da hagu.

Waɗannan su ne nau'ikan jeri ɗaya, amma bayan 'yan shekaru, "jere biyu" ya bayyana. Amma suna da babban koma baya a cikin iyakantaccen rakiyar, don haka daidaitawar waƙoƙin Rasha ya gurɓata. Saratov, Livny model da "wreath" sun zama mafi ci gaba.

iri

A cikin tarihin ci gaban accordion, nau'ikan nau'ikan sun taso tare da adadi daban-daban na maɓalli da masters, girman, da tsarin shari'o'in. Kada a rikita su da maɓalli accordion da accordion, saboda waɗannan ƙirar suna da halaye daban-daban. Bambanci a bayyane tsakanin accordion, accordion da button accordion yana cikin girman da adadin octaves, na karshen yana da fiye da su. Tsawon sikelin da ya fi girma "'yan uwa" wani bambanci ne.

Dangane da nau'in fitar da sauti, tsarin ya kasu kashi biyu:

• Lokacin da aka danna maɓallin, ana fitar da sautin tsayin tsayi - khromka, "livenka", "Rasha wreath".
• Sautin ya dogara da jagorancin motsi na furs - "kunkuru", "Tula", Vyatka accordion.

An ba da sunan bisa ga wurin asalin kayan aikin.

Banda za a iya kiran na'urorin da ake kira "kunkuru". Waɗannan su ne ƙananan harmonicas da ake sayar da su a Cherepovets, waɗanda aka yi su da farko don jin daɗin yara, kuma daga baya sun zama sananne tare da 'yan wasan harmonica da masu fasaha na zamani.

Mafi shahara iri:

• Yelets piano harmonica - tsara a cikin birnin Yelets. An bambanta ci gaban maigidan Ilyin da cewa yana da tsarin maɓalli, kamar piano da kewayon octaves biyu da rabi.
• Livenskaya - babban bambanci a cikin adadi mai yawa na 'yan mazan jiya waɗanda ke haifar da ɗakin dogon fur.
• Saratovskaya - akwai karrarawa a cikin zane.
• Cherepovets - yana da ƙananan girman, kuma maɓallan maɓalli na bass suna cikin jiki.
• Kirillovskaya accordion - halitta a cikin Vologda yankin, m, nauyi, amma tare da fadi da kewayon sauti.

Daga cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan, mafi yaduwa shine khromka - "jere biyu" ko guda-jere na Rasha harmonica. Kuma mutane daban-daban suna da nasu harmonicas: marla-carmon a cikin Mari, talyan harmun a cikin Tatars, pshine a cikin Adygs, komuz a cikin Dagestanis.

Accordion shine mafi ƙaunataccen kayan aikin jama'a na Rasha. Mai jituwa koyaushe shine babban baƙo mafi mahimmanci a kowane biki, kuma kiɗan sa yana tare da bukukuwan jama'a, sauti a taron maƙwabta, hutu.