Ma'aunin ma'aunin zafi da sanyio maɓalli mataimaki ne ga mawaƙa!

Maɓallin ma'aunin zafi da sanyio shine zane na gani don aiki tare da maɓallan kiɗa talatin. Sautunan sun kasu kashi biyu, ɗaya - zafi, zafi, daidai da ma'auni na ma'aunin zafi da sanyio; wasu, akasin haka, suna da sanyi, ana iya ɗaure su cikin yanayin da ya dace da ma'auni.

Ana ɗaukar maɓallai masu kaifi suna da zafi, kuma mafi yawan ƙwanƙwasa a cikin maɓalli, mafi zafi "zazzabi" akan ma'aunin zafi da sanyio, matakin da yake ɗauka akan sikelin. A dabi'a, ƙananan maɓalli masu laushi za su yi sanyi, kuma mafi yawan maɓalli, ƙananan "zazzabi" zai kasance, kuma ƙananan kuna buƙatar neman maɓallin akan sikelin.

A tsakiyar ma'aunin zafi da sanyio suna samuwa kuma, kamar yadda yake, yayi daidai da "sifili" tonalities guda biyu ba tare da alamu ba (suna da alamun "sifili") - C babba da ƙananan daidai da shi. Komai yana da ma'ana, na halitta kuma sananne. A wasu hanyoyi, wannan makircin gaba ɗaya yana kama da da'irar kashi biyar, kawai buɗewa, wanda aka daidaita rassan masu kaifi da lebur kuma an ɗaure su zuwa ginshiƙi.

Wanene ya ƙirƙira ma'aunin zafin jiki na sautin?

Shahararren mawaki kuma malami Valery Davydovich Podvala ya kirkiro ma'aunin ma'aunin zafi da sanyio. Ana iya samun abin da ya kirkira a cikin litattafan yara "Bari mu tsara kiɗa."

Tare da taimakon ma'aunin zafi da sanyio, mawaƙin ya gaya wa mutanen da suka fara nazarin kiɗan mafi sauri da kuma tabbatattun hanyoyin da za su nemo masu rinjaye, masu rinjaye, maɓallai masu alaƙa, da sauran abubuwa da yawa. Mawakan suna son ma'aunin ma'aunin maɓalli sosai, kuma mutane da yawa sun koyi game da shi.

A kan m ma'aunin zafi da sanyio V. Podvaly, mun ga cewa manyan maɓalli sun mamaye ja rabin sikelin, kuma ƙananan maɓalli sun mamaye rabin shuɗi. A tsakiyar akwai maɓallan C babba da A ƙarami, sama da su duk ma'auni masu kaifi ne, kuma a ƙasansu akwai masu lebur. Lambobin suna nuna alamun nawa ne a cikin wani maɓalli na musamman.

Domin sanya sunayen alamomin daidai, dole ne a tuna da tsari na kaifi (fa, yi, sol, re, la, mi, si) da tsarin fakiti (si, mi, la, re, sol, do, fa), tun da ma'aunin zafi da sanyio yana nuna adadin kaifi da filaye ne kawai, amma bai ambaci sunan su ba. Wajibi ne mu kanmu mu zabi wadanda suka dace.

Ingantaccen ma'aunin zafi da sanyio

Don samun damar leƙo asirin ma'aunin zafi da sanyio ba wai kawai adadin kaifi da filaye a cikin ɗayan makullin ba, har ma don ganin irin alamun waɗannan za su kasance, mun yanke shawarar sanyawa da gabatar muku da ingantaccen samfurinsa.

A cikin hoton zaka iya ganin ma'aunin zafi da sanyio mai ma'auni biyu. Gefen dama yana nuna adadin haruffa a cikin wani maɓalli na musamman. A gefen hagu an rubuta: sama da tsari na kaifi (FA DO SOL RE LA MI SI), da ƙasa - odar fakiti (SI MI LA RE SOL DO FA).

Domin mu ambaci alamun tonality, mun same shi a kan ma'aunin zafi da sanyio, duba adadin alamun, sa'an nan kuma tashi ko fado daga sifili tare da ma'auni na hagu, suna suna duk alamun har sai mun isa ga zaɓaɓɓen tonality. Kaifi ko lebur, wanda aka saita sabanin maɓallin da ake so, zai zama na ƙarshe a cikinsa.

Misali, da muna so mu sani haruffa nawa ne ke cikin maɓalli na manyan B. Mun same shi a kan ma'aunin zafi da sanyio - yana cikin tsarin kaifi, yana da 5 sharps, wato (daga "sifili"): fa, do, sol, re da la.

Wani misali – bari mu gane shi tare da maɓallin D-flat major. An rubuta a kan "mai sanyi", gefen gefe, akwai alamomi guda biyar akan ma'aunin zafi da sanyio, wato (mun sauka daga "sifili"): si, mi, la, re da gishiri.

A ƙasa za mu gabatar muku da wani nau'i na ma'aunin zafi da sanyio - tare da alamomin haruffa don tonalities. Kuna iya amfani da duk wanda kuke so a cikin karatun ku. Kuna iya saukar da ma'aunin zafi da sanyio biyu don bugawa NAN.

Ta yaya kuma za ku iya amfani da ma'aunin zafin jiki na sautin?

Kamar yadda ka sani, zaka iya tunawa da alamun maɓalli a cikin maɓallan ba tare da ma'aunin zafi ba, alal misali, bisa ga "manyan dokoki". "Manyan dokoki" a nan mun kira ka'idoji don gano alamun da sauri a cikin manyan maɓalli. Muna tunatar da ku game da su:

1. a cikin maɓalli masu kaifi, kaifi na ƙarshe shine mataki ƙasa da tonic;
2. a cikin maɓallan lebur, tonic yana ɓoye a bayan lebur na ƙarshe (wato, daidai yake da lebur mai ɗaci).

Bugu da ƙari, ana tunawa da duk tonality tare da lokaci har ma da sauri sosai, don haka buƙatar yin leƙen asiri a wani wuri kawai ya ɓace. Don haka ta yaya za ku yi amfani da ma'aunin zafin jiki na sautin?

Na farko, da yana da matukar dacewa don duba bambancin alamun akan sa. Muna ɗaukar nau'i biyu, ƙididdige digiri nawa suka bambanta, kuma mu sami amsar. Misali, maɓallan D manyan da manyan F sun bambanta da alamomi uku. Kuma maɓallan C-flat manyan da manyan C-sharp - ta haruffa 14.

Na biyu, da ta yin amfani da ma'aunin zafi da sanyio, zaka iya samun mahimman matakai - subdominant (wannan shine sunan mataki na IV cikin jituwa) da rinjaye (wannan shine sunan mataki na biyar). Mai rinjaye zai zama digiri ɗaya mafi girma daga tonic, kuma mafi girman digiri ɗaya ƙasa. Misali: don manyan C (tonic C), mafi rinjaye shine sautin "G" kuma maɓalli mai mahimmanci zai zama G babba, kuma mai rinjaye zai zama sauti "F", maɓallin ƙasa zai zama F babba.

Na uku, Ma'aunin zafi da sanyio yana ba ku damar gano ainihin abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da sauri. Akwai maɓallai shida kawai na matakin farko na dangantaka (za mu yi magana game da wannan dalla-dalla kaɗan daga baya), kuma biyar daga cikinsu ana iya gano su kusan nan take! yaya? Wani sautin da ke da alaƙa yana daidai da matakin ma'aunin zafi da sanyio kamar wanda muke neman "'yan uwa", wasu biyun suna da digiri mafi girma, sauran biyu kuma suna da digiri na ƙasa. Yana da wuya a nemi tonality "asiri" na shida akan ma'aunin zafi da sanyio (zamu koya muku wannan daga baya).

Misali, da nemo maɓallai guda biyar masu alaƙa don E ƙarami. Waɗannan za su kasance: G babba (a matakin “zazzabi” iri ɗaya), D babba da ƙaramin B (digiri ɗaya mafi girma), manyan C da ƙaramin ƙaramin (digiri ɗaya ƙasa). Maɓalli na shida zai zama manyan B (yadda ake nema alhali ba mu magana).

Ko wani misali: mu nemo “’yan uwa” na kusa don manyan E-flat. Waɗannan za su kasance: ƙananan C (a cikin tantanin halitta ɗaya), B-flat major da G ƙananan (a sama), da kuma A-flat major da F ƙananan (a ƙasa). Maɓalli na shida anan shine ƙaramin A-flat (wani abu ya tafi wani wuri).

Don haka, aikace-aikacen ma'aunin zafi da sanyio namu na iya zama mai faɗi sosai. Idan kun san wasu hanyoyin da za ku yi aiki tare da irin wannan makirci, don Allah rubuta game da shi a cikin sharhin wannan labarin. Sannan kuma ku tambayi tambayoyinku idan kuna da su.

Yanzu bari mu dauki hutu na kiɗa. Muna gayyatar ku don sauraron kiɗan ban mamaki na babban Ludwig van Beethoven. Za ku ji sonata na violin da piano No. 5 da ake kira "Spring"

Beethoven - Sonata No. 5 "Spring" don violin da piano