Synthesizer: kayan aiki abun da ke ciki, tarihi, iri, yadda za a zabi

Mai haɗawa shine kayan kida na lantarki. Yana nufin nau'in madannai, amma akwai juzu'ai tare da madadin hanyoyin shigarwa.

Na'urar

A classic keyboard synthesizer ne wani hali tare da lantarki a ciki da kuma madanni a waje. Kayan gida - filastik, karfe. Ba kasafai ake amfani da itace ba. Girman kayan aiki ya dogara da adadin maɓalli da abubuwan lantarki.

Yawanci ana sarrafa na'urorin haɗaka ta amfani da madannai. Ana iya gina shi kuma a haɗa shi, alal misali, ta midi. Maɓallan suna kula da ƙarfi da saurin latsawa. Maɓalli na iya samun injin guduma mai aiki.

Har ila yau, ana iya sanye da kayan aiki tare da bangarori masu taɓawa waɗanda ke amsawa don taɓawa da yatsa. Masu sarrafa busa suna ba ku damar kunna sauti daga na'ura mai haɗawa kamar sarewa.

Babban ɓangaren yana ƙunshe da maɓalli, nuni, ƙulli, maɓalli. Suna canza sauti. Nuni su ne analog da ruwa crystal.

A gefen ko saman harka akwai abin dubawa don haɗa na'urorin waje. Dangane da samfurin synthesizer, zaku iya haɗa belun kunne, makirufo, fedar tasirin sauti, katin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, kebul na USB, kwamfuta ta hanyar dubawa.

Tarihi

Tarihin synthesizer ya fara a farkon karni na XNUMX tare da yaduwar wutar lantarki. Ɗaya daga cikin kayan kiɗan lantarki na farko shine themin. Kayan aikin ƙira ne tare da eriya masu mahimmanci. Ta hanyar motsa hannayensa akan eriya, mawaƙin ya samar da sauti. Na'urar ta zama sananne, amma yana da wuyar aiki, don haka gwaje-gwajen da aka yi na ƙirƙirar sabon kayan lantarki ya ci gaba.

A cikin 1935, an saki sashin Hammond, a zahiri kama da babban piano. Na'urar ta kasance nau'in lantarki ne na sashin jiki. A cikin 1948, ɗan ƙasar Kanada Hugh Le Cain ya ƙirƙiri sarewa na lantarki tare da maɓalli mai mahimmanci da kuma ikon yin amfani da vibrato da glissando. An sarrafa fitar da sauti ta hanyar janareta mai sarrafa wutar lantarki. Daga baya, za a yi amfani da irin wannan janareta a cikin synths.

An samar da na'ura mai cikakken iko ta farko a cikin Amurka a cikin 1957. Sunan "RCA Mark II Sound Synthesizer". Kayan aiki ya karanta tef ɗin da aka buga tare da sigogin sautin da ake so. An analog synth mai dauke da bututu 750 ne ke da alhakin aikin hakar sauti.

A cikin tsakiyar 60s, wani na'ura mai kwakwalwa na zamani wanda Robert Moog ya kirkiro ya bayyana. Na'urar ta ƙunshi sassa da yawa waɗanda ke ƙirƙira da gyara sauti. An haɗa samfuran ta hanyar tashar sauyawa.

Moog ya ƙirƙiro hanyar sarrafa sautin sauti ta hanyar wutar lantarki da ake kira oscillator. Shi ne kuma na farko da ya fara amfani da injin janareta, masu tacewa da kuma na'urori. Ƙirƙirar Moog sun zama wani sashe mai mahimmanci na duk masu haɗawa na gaba.

A cikin 70s, injiniyan Ba'amurke Don Buchla ya ƙirƙira Tsarin Kiɗa na Lantarki Modular. Maimakon madaidaicin madannai, Buchla ya yi amfani da bangarori masu saurin taɓawa. Siffofin sauti sun bambanta tare da ƙarfin dannawa da matsayi na yatsunsu.

A shekara ta 1970, Moog ya fara samar da karamin samfurin, wanda aka sani da "Minimoog". Shi ne ƙwararren ƙwararren synth na farko da aka sayar a cikin shagunan kiɗa na yau da kullun kuma an yi niyya don yin wasan kwaikwayo. Minimoog ya daidaita ra'ayin kayan aiki mai ɗaukar kansa tare da ginanniyar madanni.

A cikin Burtaniya, ƙwararrun ƙwararrun waƙa ta Electronic Music Studios ne suka samar da su. Kayayyakin masu rahusa na EMS sun zama sananne tare da masu ci gaba na dutsen madannai da makada. Pink Floyd sun kasance ɗaya daga cikin rukunin dutse na farko don amfani da kayan aikin EMS.

Masu haɗawa da farko sun kasance monophonic. An saki samfurin polyphonic na farko a cikin 1978 a ƙarƙashin sunan "OB-X". A cikin wannan shekarar, an saki Annabi-5 - na farko mai cikakken shirye-shirye. Annabi yayi amfani da microprocessors don cire sautin.

A cikin 1982, mizanin MIDI da cikakkun samfuran samfuran synths sun bayyana. Babban fasalin su shine gyaran sautunan da aka riga aka yi rikodi. Na farko dijital synthesizer, da Yamaha DX7, aka saki a 1983.

A cikin 1990s, software synthesizers sun bayyana. Suna iya fitar da sauti a ainihin lokacin kuma suna aiki kamar shirye-shiryen yau da kullun da ke gudana akan kwamfuta.

iri

Bambanci tsakanin nau'ikan synthesizers ya ta'allaka ne akan yadda ake hada sautin. Akwai manyan nau'ikan guda uku:

1. Analog. Ana haɗa sautin ta hanyar ƙari da ragi. Amfanin shine sauyi mai santsi a cikin girman sautin. Rashin hasara shine babban ƙarar hayaniyar ɓangare na uku.
2. Virtual analog. Yawancin abubuwan suna kama da analog. Bambanci shine cewa sautin yana samuwa ta hanyar masu sarrafa siginar dijital.
3. Dijital. Ana sarrafa sauti ta hanyar sarrafawa bisa ga da'irori dabaru. Mutunci - tsabtar sauti da dama mai girma don sarrafa shi. Zasu iya zama duka na zahiri da cikakken kayan aikin software.

Yadda ake zabar synthesizer

Zaɓin na'ura mai haɗawa dole ne ya fara tare da ƙayyade dalilin amfani. Idan makasudin ba shine don fitar da sautunan da ba a saba ba, to zaku iya ɗaukar piano ko pianoforte. Bambanci tsakanin synth da piano yana cikin nau'in sautin da aka samar: dijital da inji.

Don horarwa, ba a ba da shawarar ɗaukar samfurin da ke da tsada ba, amma bai kamata ku adana da yawa ba.

Samfura sun bambanta a cikin adadin maɓallai. Yawancin maɓallai, mafi faɗin kewayon sauti an rufe shi. Yawan maɓallai na gama gari: 25, 29, 37, 44, 49, 61, 66, 76, 80, 88. Amfanin ƙaramin lamba shine ɗaukar hoto. Rashin lahani shine sauyawa da hannu da zaɓin kewayo. Ya kamata ku zaɓi zaɓi mafi dacewa.

Yin zaɓin da aka sani da yin kwatancen gani shine mafi kyawun taimako daga mai ba da shawara a cikin kantin kiɗa.