New York Philharmonic |

New York Philharmonic

Mawakan kade-kade na kade-kade na Amurka. An kafa shi a New York a cikin 1842 (a cikin 1921 ƙungiyar Orchestra ta ƙasa ta shiga ta, a cikin 1928 ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Symphony ta New York).

Shugabannin farko na kungiyar Orchestra Philharmonic na New York sune WK Hill (wanda ya kafa New York Philharmonic Society) da ES Timm, sannan masu gudanarwa - T. Eisfeld (1852-55), K. Bergman (1855-59, 1865- 76), T. Thomas (1877-91, aikinsa ya ba da gudummawa ga haɓaka kiɗan orchestral a Amurka), A. Seidl (1891-98) da E. Paur (1898-1902).

A shekara ta 1891, PI Tchaikovsky ya gudanar da ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Philharmonic ta New York a buɗaɗɗen zauren wasan kwaikwayo na Carnegie Hall.

A cikin 1902-06, mashahuran mawaƙa da yawa sun jagoranci ƙungiyar makaɗa, ciki har da L. Damrosh, V. Mengelberg, F. Weingartner, R. Strauss, E. Colonne, a cikin 1906-09 - fitaccen jagoran Rasha VI Safonov, a cikin 1909 - 11 - G. Mahler, wanda ya kara yawan wasannin kide-kide a kakar wasa ta bana, ya daga fasahar wasan kwaikwayo ta makada zuwa wani matsayi mai girma. Magajinsa shine J. Stransky (1911-22), sannan V. Mengelberg (1922-30), W. Furtwängler (1925-27) ya jagoranta.

A cikin 1927-36, ƙungiyar makada ta kasance ƙarƙashin jagorancin A. Toscanini, a cikin shekarun da aikin ƙungiyar New York Philharmonic Orchestra ya sami shahara a duniya, a 1936-43 G. Barbirolli shine darektan kiɗa, a 1951-57 - D. Mitropoulos. Har ila yau, wasu fitattun mawakan sun gudanar da ƙungiyar mawaƙa - B. Walter, E. Kleiber, O. Klemperer, T. Beecham, L. Stokowski, S. Munsch da sauransu. A cikin 1958-69 Ch. jagoran Orchestra na Philharmonic na New York shine L. Bernstein, tun 1971 - P. Boulez.

G. Mahler, A. Toscanini da L. Bernstein sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa kungiyar kade-kade ta Philharmonic ta New York a matsayin kungiyar fasaha, wajen samar da salon wasan kwaikwayonta da kuma saninta a matsayin kungiyar makada ta kade-kade ta mafi girman aji.

Mawaƙa AG Rubinstein, A. Dvorak, R. Strauss, C. Saint-Saens, A. Honegger, IF Stravinsky, M. Ravel, J. Enescu, E. Vila Lobos da sauransu sun gudanar da ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Philharmonic ta New York lokacin da suka yi da yawa. ayyukansu.

Mafi yawan mawaƙa sun yi ta maimaitawa tare da mawaƙa: pianists - I. Paderevsky, A. Schnabel, SV Rachmaninov, SS Prokofiev, VS Horowitz, violinists - J. Heifets, DF Oistrakh, J. Szigeti , I. Stern, I. Menuhin da kuma wasu, mawakan da suka shahara a duniya.

Yawancin ayyukan da aka fi sani da yanzu sun fara yi ta New York Philharmonic Orchestra, daga cikinsu: Symphony na 9 na Dvořák ("Daga Sabuwar Duniya"), IDAN Symphony na Stravinsky a sassa 3, Gershwin's Piano Concerto, da sauransu.

Kungiyar Orchestra ta Philharmonic ta New York tana ba da gudummawa sosai ga haɓaka rayuwar kiɗan a Amurka. A New York ne kawai ƙungiyar makaɗa a kowace shekara tana ba da kide-kide 120, suna yin shirye-shiryen rediyo don matasa. Tun 1930, New York Philharmonic Orchestra ke yawon shakatawa a kasashe da yawa (a cikin USSR a 1959, 1976).

Daga 2002 zuwa 2009 Lorin Maazel ne ya jagoranci ƙungiyar mawaƙa. Daga 2009 zuwa yanzu - Alan Gilbert.

IM Markkov

Shugabannin Orchestra:

1842-1849 - Ureli Corelli Hill 1849-1854 - Theodor Eisfeld 1854-1855 - Theodor Eisfeld da Henry Timm 1855-1856 - Carl Bergman 1856-1858 - Theodor Eisfeld 1858-1859g Carfeld 1859-1865 -1865 – Carl Bergman 1876-1876 – Leopold Damrosch 1877-1877 — Theodore Thomas 1878-1878 – Adolf Neuendorf 1879-1879 — Theodore Thomas 1891-1891 – Anton Seidl 1898-1898 Vasily Safonov 1902-1902 - Gustav Mahler 1903-1906 - Josef Stransky 1909-1909 - Willem Mengelberg 1911-1911 - Arturo Toscanini 1923-1922 - John Barbirolli 1930-1928 -1936 Rodurzin Stokowski 1936-1941 – Dimitris Mitropoulos 1943-1947 — Leonard Bernstein 1947-1949 – George Sell 1949-1950 – Pierre Boulez 1949—1958 — Zubin Meta 1958-1969 — 1969-1970