Clavichord: abin da yake, kayan aiki abun da ke ciki, tarihi, sauti, amfani

"Keystring" shine sunan na yau da kullun na kayan aiki, wanda ya zama ingantaccen sigar monochord. Shi, kamar sashin jiki, yana da keyboard, amma ba bututu ba, amma kirtani, wanda aka saita a cikin motsi ta hanyar tangent, sune alhakin cire sautin.

Clavichord na'urar

A cikin rarrabuwar kade-kade na zamani, ana ɗaukar wannan kayan aikin a matsayin wakilin dangin harpsichord, wanda ya fi tsufa na piano. Yana da jiki mai madanni, tsaye hudu. An saita clavichord a ƙasa ko a kan tebur, zaune a wurin, mai yin wasan ya buga maɓallan, cire sauti. "Allon madannai" na farko yana da ƙaramin ƙaramar sauti - octaves biyu kawai. Daga baya, an inganta kayan aikin, ƙarfinsa ya fadada zuwa octaves biyar.

Clavichord wani kayan kida ne mai zare, wanda na'urar sa ke dauke da filayen karfe. Saitin igiyoyi "boye" a cikin akwati, wanda ya yi motsi na oscillatory lokacin da aka fallasa maɓallan. Lokacin da aka danna su, fil ɗin ƙarfe (tanget) ya taɓa zaren ya danna shi. A cikin mafi sauƙi "kyauta" clavichords, an sanya wani keɓaɓɓen kirtani zuwa kowane maɓalli. Samfura masu rikitarwa (mai alaƙa) sun bambanta a cikin tasirin tanget 2-3 akan sassa daban-daban na igiya.

Girman jikin kayan aiki ƙananan - daga 80 zuwa 150 centimeters. An ɗauki clavichord cikin sauƙi kuma an shigar da shi a wurare daban-daban. An ƙawata jikin da sassaƙa, zane-zane, da zane-zane. Don masana'anta, kawai nau'ikan itace masu mahimmanci ne aka yi amfani da su: spruce, Karelian Birch, cypress.

Tarihin asali

Kayan aikin ya yi tasiri sosai ga ci gaban al'adun kiɗa. Ba a bayyana ainihin ranar bayyanarsa ba. Na farko ambaci ya bayyana a cikin XVI karni. Asalin sunan yana nufin kalmar Latin "clavis" - maɓalli, haɗe tare da tsohuwar Girkanci "chord" - kirtani.

Tarihin clavichord ya fara a Italiya. Takardun da suka tsira sun tabbatar da cewa a can ne kwafin farko za su iya bayyana. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan, na Dominic na Pisa, ya rayu har yau. An ƙirƙira shi a cikin 1543 kuma nuni ne na gidan kayan gargajiya da ke Leipzig.

“Allon madannai” cikin sauri ya sami shahara. An yi amfani da shi don ɗakin gida, kiɗa na gida, tun da clavichord ba zai iya sauti mai ƙarfi ba, haɓakawa. Wannan fasalin ya hana yin amfani da shi don wasan kwaikwayo a cikin manyan dakuna.

Amfani da kayan aiki

Clavichord na gargajiya tuni a cikin karni na 5 yana da kewayon sauti mai yawa har zuwa octaves XNUMX. Wasa shi alama ce ta kyakkyawar tarbiyya da tarbiyya. Aristocrats da wakilan bourgeoisie sun shigar da kayan aiki a cikin gidajensu kuma sun gayyace baƙi zuwa ɗakin kide-kide. An ƙirƙira maki maki a gare shi, manyan mawaƙa sun rubuta ayyukan: VA Mozart, L. Van Beethoven, JS Bach.

An yi wa ƙarni na 19 alama ta hanyar yaɗa pianoforte. Ƙaƙƙarfan sautin piano mai ma'ana ya zama wurin clavichord. Masu dawo da zamani suna da sha'awar ra'ayin maido da tsohuwar "keyboard" don jin ainihin sautin ayyukan manyan mawaƙa.