Mawakan kirtani |
Ƙwaƙwalwar kirtani ta ƙunshi kayan kida na ruku'u kawai. Ya haɗa da sassa 5: violin 1st da 2nd, violas, cellos, basses biyu. A da, ba a bambanta ta da mawaƙa a matsayin abin da ya bambanta da wasan kwaikwayo. Orchestra, saboda a cikin kiɗa 17 - 1st bene. Karni na 18 na karshen yakan iyakance ga kirtani da garaya mai wasa basso continuo (G. Purcell, opera Dido da Aeneas); a cikin gargajiya music - kuma ba tare da basso continuo (WA Mozart, "Little Night Serenade"). S. o. a fahimtar zamani da aka bunkasa a hawa na 2. Karni na 19, watau, a cikin lokacin balaga, ji. ƙungiyar makaɗa, lokacin da aka gane rukunin kirtani a matsayin na'ura mai zaman kanta. S. o. duka kusanci da kusanci na bayanin da ke cikin rukunin ɗakin, da tashin hankali, wadatar sautin wasan kwaikwayo suna samuwa. makada. S. o. an yi amfani da shi a cikin lambobin kiɗa don wasan kwaikwayo ("Mutuwar Oze" daga kiɗan E. Grieg zuwa wasan kwaikwayo. waƙa ta G. Ibsen "Peer Gynt"), a cikin dep. sassan Orc. suite. Daga baya, adadin mawaƙa sun ƙirƙira masu zaman kansu. cyclic qagaggun, sau da yawa a stylization na muses. nau'ikan da suka gabata; sai aka fara sanya sunan abun da ke ciki a cikin take (A. Dvorak, Serenade for strings. Orchestra E-dur op. 22, 1875; PI Tchaikovsky, Serenade for strings. Orchestra, 1880; E. Grieg, "Daga lokacin Holberg. Suite a cikin tsohon salon kirtani, ƙungiyar makaɗa” op. 40, 1885). A cikin ƙarni na 20 kewayon nau'ikan nau'ikan da ke akwai don haɓakawa tare da taimakon S. o. ya fadada, kuma rawar masu arziki Orc ya karu a cikin fassararsa. sauti. Don S. game da. suna rubuta symphoniettas (N. Ya. Myaskovsky, Sinfonietta op. 32, 1929), symphonies (B. Britten, Simple Symphony, 1934; Yu. "A memory of B. Bartok, 1965). Ƙarfafa bambance-bambancen abubuwan da ke cikin ƙungiyar makaɗa a cikin sashen. Sashin ya ƙare a cikin "Makoki don waɗanda ke fama da Hiroshima" don igiyoyin 1958. kayan aikin K. Penderecki (52). Don haɓaka sakamako mai ban mamaki ko launi, ana ƙara ƙaho sau da yawa a cikin igiyoyi (A. Honegger, 1960nd symphony, 2, trumpet ad libitum), timpani (MS Weinberg, symphony No 1941, 2; EM Mirzoyan, symphony, 1960), ƙungiyar mawaƙa (J. Bizet - RK Shchedrin, Carmen Suite; AI Pirumov, symphony, 1964).
References: Rimsky-Korsakov HA, Tushen Orchestration, ed. M. Steinberg, kashi na 1-2, Berlin – M. – St. Petersburg, 1913, Cikakkun. kull. suke., vol. III, M., 1959; Fortunatov Yu. A., Gabatarwa, a cikin bugu na kiɗan da aka buga: Myaskovsky N., Symphonietta don ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta kirtani. Score, M., 1964.
IA Barsova
