Балис Дварионас (Balys Dvarionas) |

Balys Dvarionas ne adam wata

B. Dvarionas, mai fasaha da yawa, mawaki, pianist, madugu, malami, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunkasa al'adun kiɗa na Lithuania. Ayyukansa suna da alaƙa da kidan jama'a na Lithuania. Ita ce ta kayyade jin daɗin yaren kiɗan Dvarionas, bisa la'akari da waƙoƙin jama'a; sauƙi da tsabta na nau'i, tunanin jituwa; rhapsodic, gabatarwar haɓakawa. Ayyukan mawaki na Dvarionas a zahiri hade da ayyukansa na yin. A 1924 ya sauke karatu daga Leipzig Conservatory a piano tare da R. Teichmüller, sa'an nan ya inganta tare da E. Petri. Daga shekarun karatunsa ya yi wasan pianist, ya zagaya a Faransa, Hungary, Jamus, Switzerland, da Sweden.

Dvarionas ya kawo dukan galaxy na wasan kwaikwayo - daga 1926 ya koyar da piano a Makarantar Kiɗa ta Kaunas, daga 1933 - a Kaunas Conservatory. Daga 1949 har zuwa karshen rayuwarsa ya kasance Farfesa a Cibiyar Conservatory ta Lithuania. Dvarionas kuma ya shiga cikin gudanarwa. Ya riga ya balaga, yana yin jarrabawa a waje tare da G. Abendroth a Leipzig (1939). Jagora N. Malko, wanda ya zagaya a Kaunas a farkon shekarun 30s, ya ce game da Dvarionas: “Shi shugaba ne mai iyawa, mawaƙi mai hankali, ya san abin da ake bukata da abin da za a iya nema daga ƙungiyar makaɗa da aka ba shi amana.” Yana da wuya a yi la'akari da mahimmancin Dvarionas wajen inganta kiɗan ƙwararrun ƙasa: ɗaya daga cikin masu jagoranci na Lithuania na farko, ya sanya kansa burin yin ayyukan mawaƙa na Lithuania ba kawai a Lithuania ba, har ma a cikin ƙasa da waje. Shi ne farkon wanda ya gudanar da waƙar baƙar fata mai suna "Teku" ta MK Čiurlionis, wanda aka haɗa a cikin shirye-shiryen kide-kide nasa ayyukan J. Gruodis, J. Karnavičius, J. Tallat-Kelpsa, A. Raciunas da sauransu. Dvarionas kuma ya yi ayyukan Rasha, Soviet da mawaƙa na ƙasashen waje. A 1936, D. Shostakovich's First Symphony da aka yi a bourgeois Lithuania karkashin jagorancinsa. A cikin 1940, Dvarionas ya shirya kuma ya jagoranci ƙungiyar Orchestra ta Vilnius City Symphony, a cikin 40-50s. shi ne babban jagoran kungiyar kade-kade ta Philharmonic ta Lithuania, babban mai gudanar da bukukuwan wakokin Republican. “Waƙar tana sa mutane farin ciki. Joy, duk da haka, yana ba da ƙarfi ga rayuwa, don yin aikin kirkire-kirkire, ”Dvarionas ya rubuta bayan bikin waƙar birnin Vilnius a 1959. Dvarionas, shugaba, ya yi magana da manyan mawaƙa na ƙarni namu: S. Prokofiev, I. Hoffman, A. Rubinstein, E. Petri, E. Gilels, G. Neuhaus.

Na farko babban-sikelin aiki na mawaki shi ne ballet "Matchmaking" (1931). Tare da J. Gruodis, marubucin ballet Jurate da Kastytis, da V. Batsevicius, wanda ya rubuta ballet In the Whirlwind of Dance, Dvarionas ya kasance a asalin wannan nau'in a cikin kiɗan Lithuania. Babban muhimmin ci gaba na gaba shine "Festive Overture" (1946), wanda kuma aka sani da "A Amber Shore". A cikin wannan hoton mawaƙa, jigogi masu ban sha'awa masu ban sha'awa, masu ban sha'awa suna canzawa ta hanyar kaɗa-kaɗe tare da waƙoƙin da suka dogara da abubuwan da suka shafi tatsuniyoyi.

A lokacin bikin cika shekaru 30 na Babban Juyin Juyin Oktoba, Dvarionas ya rubuta Symphony a cikin E ƙarami, waƙar Lithuania ta farko. An ƙayyade abin da ke ciki ta hanyar almara: "Na yi sujada ga ƙasar haihuwata." Wannan zane mai ban sha'awa yana cike da ƙauna ga yanayin ƙasa, ga mutanensa. Kusan duk jigogin Symphony suna kusa da waƙa da raye-rayen tarihin Lithuania.

A shekara daga baya, daya daga cikin mafi kyau ayyukan Dvarionas ya bayyana - Concerto for Violin da Orchestra (1948), wanda ya zama wani gagarumin nasara na kasa m art. Shigar da kiɗan ƙwararrun Lithuania a cikin ƙungiyar gamayya da fage na duniya yana da alaƙa da wannan aikin. Saturating masana'anta na Concerto tare da waƙoƙin jama'a, mawaƙin ya ƙunshi hadisai na kide-kide na kade-kade-romantic na ƙarni na XNUMX. Abun da ke ciki yana jan hankali tare da melodism, karimci na kaleidoscopically canza kayan jigo. Makin Concerto a bayyane yake kuma a bayyane. A nan Dvarionas yana amfani da waƙoƙin jama'a "Morning Autumn" da "Beer, Beer" (mawaƙin da kansa ya rubuta na biyu).

A cikin 1950, Dvarionas, tare da mawaki I. Svyadas, sun rubuta waƙar National Anthem na Lithuania SSR zuwa kalmomin A. Venclova. Salon wasan kide-kide na kayan aiki ana wakilta a cikin aikin Dvarionas ta wasu ayyuka uku. Waɗannan ƙwallo 2 ne don kayan aikin piano da ya fi so (1960, 1962) da Concerto don ƙaho da ƙungiyar makaɗa (1963). Wasan kide-kide na piano na farko wani abu ne mai zurfin tunani wanda aka sadaukar don bikin cika shekaru 20 na Soviet Lithuania. Abubuwan jigo na concerto na asali ne, sassa 4 waɗanda, ga duk bambancinsu, an haɗa su ta hanyar jigogi masu alaƙa dangane da kayan tarihi. Don haka, a cikin sashi na 1 da kuma a ƙarshe, gyare-gyaren dalili na waƙar gargajiya ta Lithuania "Oh, hasken yana ƙone" sautuna. Kyawawan kade-kade na abun da ke ciki ya saita sashin piano na solo. Haɗin timbre ƙirƙira ne, alal misali, a cikin jinkirin kashi na 3 na wasan kide kide, piano yana jin sabani a cikin duet mai ƙahon Faransa. A cikin wasan kwaikwayo, mai yin waƙa yana amfani da hanyar da ya fi so na nunawa - rhapsody, wanda aka bayyana a fili a cikin ci gaba da jigogi na motsi na 1st. Abun da ke ciki ya ƙunshi ɓangarori da yawa na salon rawa, wanda ke tunawa da sutartines na jama'a.

An rubuta concerto na biyu na piano don soloist da ƙungiyar mawaƙa, an sadaukar da shi ga matasa, wanda ke da makomar gaba. A cikin 1954, a cikin shekaru goma na Lithuania wallafe-wallafe da fasaha a Moscow, Dvarionas 'cantata "Gaisuwa zuwa Moscow" (a kan St. T. Tilvitis) da aka yi don baritone, gauraye mawaƙa da makada. Wannan aikin ya zama wani nau'i na shirye-shirye don kawai opera ta Dvarionas - "Dalia" (1958), wanda aka rubuta a kan makircin wasan kwaikwayo na B. Sruoga "The Predawn Share" (libre. I. Matskonis). Wasan opera ya dogara ne akan wani makirci daga tarihin mutanen Lithuania - tashin hankalin da aka yi wa manoma Samogitian a cikin 1769. Babban hali na wannan zane na tarihi, Dalia Radailaite, ya mutu, ya fi son mutuwa zuwa bauta.

“Lokacin da kuka saurari kiɗan Dvarionas, za ku ji yadda mawakin ya shiga cikin ruhin mutanensa, yanayin ƙasarsa, tarihinta, da zamanin da take ciki. Kamar dai zuciyar ɗan ƙasar Lithuania ta bayyana duk mafi mahimmanci da kusanci ta hanyar kiɗan mawaƙinta mafi hazaƙa… Dvarionas dama ya mamaye wurinsa na musamman, babban matsayi a cikin kiɗan Lithuania. Ayyukansa ba wai kawai asusun zinariya na fasaha na jamhuriyar ba. Yana ƙawata dukan al'adun kiɗan Soviet na duniya. " (E. Svetlanov).

N. Aleksenko