Bass clarinet: bayanin kayan aiki, sauti, tarihi, fasaha na wasa

Sigar bass na clarinet ya bayyana a farkon karni na XNUMX. A yau, wannan kayan aikin wani bangare ne na kade-kade na kade-kade, da ake amfani da su a cikin dakunan taro, kuma ana bukatar mawakan jazz.

Bayanin kayan aiki

Bass clarinet, a cikin Italiyanci yana kama da "clarinetto basso", yana cikin nau'in kayan kida na itace. Na'urar ta tana kama da na'urar clarinet na al'ada, manyan abubuwan tsarin su ne:

• Jiki: madaidaiciyar bututun silinda, wanda ya ƙunshi abubuwa 5 (ƙarararrawa, bakin baki, gwiwoyi (na sama, ƙasa), ganga).
• Reed (harshe) - farantin bakin ciki da ake amfani da shi don cire sauti.
• Bawuloli, zobba, ramukan sauti na ado saman jiki.

Ana yin bass clarinet daga katako mai daraja - baki, mpingo, kwakwa. Yawancin aikin ana yin su ne da hannu, bisa ga jagororin da aka haɓaka ƙarni da suka gabata. Abubuwan da aka kera, aiki mai ɗorewa yana rinjayar farashin abu - wannan jin daɗin ba shi da arha.

Kewayon bass clarinet kusan octaves 4 ne (daga babban octave D zuwa B flat contra octave). Babban aikace-aikacen yana cikin kunna B (B-flat). An rubuta bayanin kula a cikin ɓangarorin bass, sautin da ya fi yadda ake tsammani.

Tarihin bass clarinet

Da farko, an halicci clarinet na yau da kullun - taron ya faru a cikin rabin na biyu na karni na XNUMX. Sannan ya ɗauki kusan ƙarni don kammala shi a cikin bass clarinet. Marubucin ci gaba shine Belgian Adolf Sachs, wanda ya mallaki wani muhimmin ƙirƙira - saxophone.

A. Sachs ya yi nazarin samfuran da aka samo a cikin karni na XNUMX, ya yi aiki na dogon lokaci akan inganta bawuloli, inganta innations, da fadada kewayon. Daga ƙarƙashin hannun ƙwararru, ingantaccen kayan aikin ilimi ya fito, wanda ya ɗauki wurin da ya dace a cikin ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta kade-kade.

Kauri mai kauri, ɗan dusar ƙanƙara na kayan aikin yana da matuƙar makawa a cikin shirye-shiryen solo na wani yanki na kiɗan. Kuna iya jin sautinsa a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Wagner, Verdi, wasan kwaikwayo na Tchaikovsky, Shostakovich.

Ƙarni na XNUMX ya buɗe sababbin dama ga masu sha'awar kayan aiki: an rubuta wasan kwaikwayo na solo don shi, wani ɓangare ne na ƙungiyoyin ɗaki, kuma ana buƙata a tsakanin jazz har ma da masu wasan kwaikwayo na dutse.

Dabarun wasa

Dabarar wasa tana kama da ƙwarewar mallakar clarinet na yau da kullun. Kayan aiki yana da hannu sosai, baya buƙatar busawa, babban ajiyar oxygen, ana fitar da sautuna cikin sauƙi.

Idan muka kwatanta clarinets guda biyu, sigar bass ɗin ba ta da ƙarancin wayar hannu, guda ɗaya ɗaya zai buƙaci fasaha mai girma daga mawaƙa. Akwai juzu'i na baya: kiɗan da aka rubuta a cikin ƙaramin maɓalli yana da wahala a yi wasa akan clarinet na yau da kullun, amma "dan'uwansa bass" zai jimre da irin wannan aikin ba tare da wahala ba.

Wasan ya ƙunshi amfani da rajista biyu - ƙananan, tsakiya. Bass clarinet yana da kyau don abubuwan da suka faru na yanayi na ban tausayi, damuwa, mummuna.

Bass clarinet ba shine "violin na farko" a cikin ƙungiyar makaɗa ba, amma ba daidai ba ne a yi la'akari da shi a matsayin wani abu maras muhimmanci. Ba tare da arziƙi, bayanin kula masu daɗi waɗanda suka fi ƙarfin sauran kayan kida ba, ƙwararrun ayyuka da yawa za su yi sauti daban-daban idan ƙungiyar makaɗa ta keɓe ƙirar bass na clarinet daga abun da ke ciki.