Salomea (Solomiya) Amvrosievna Krushelnitskaya (Salomea Kruszelnicka) |

Salomea Kruszelnicka

Ko da a lokacin rayuwarta, Salomea Kruchelnitskaya an gane shi a matsayin fitaccen mawaƙa a duniya. Tana da fitacciyar murya ta fuskar ƙarfi da kyau tare da faffadan kewayo (kimanin octaves uku tare da rajista na tsakiya kyauta), ƙwaƙwalwar kiɗa (za ta iya koyan ɓangaren wasan opera a cikin kwanaki biyu ko uku), da baiwa mai ban mamaki. Waƙar ta mawakin ta ƙunshi sassa daban-daban sama da 60. Daga cikin lambobin yabo da yawa da aka ba ta, musamman, taken "Wagnerian prima donna na karni na ashirin." Mawaƙin Italiyanci Giacomo Puccini ya gabatar da mawaƙin tare da hotonsa tare da rubutun "kyakkyawa da kyan gani Butterfly".

Salomeya Kruchelnytska aka haife kan Satumba 23, 1872 a kauyen Belyavintsy, yanzu Buchatsky gundumar Ternopil yankin, a cikin iyali na firist.

Ya fito ne daga dangin Ukrainian mai daraja da tsohuwar. Tun 1873, iyali koma sau da yawa, a 1878 suka koma ƙauyen Belaya kusa da Ternopil, daga inda ba su bar. Ta fara waka tun tana karama. Tun tana yarinya, Salome ta san waƙoƙin jama'a da yawa, waɗanda ta koya kai tsaye daga manoma. Ta samu ilimin koyar da kida a dakin motsa jiki na Ternopil, inda ta yi jarabawa a matsayin dalibar waje. Anan ta zama kusa da da'irar kiɗa na ɗaliban makarantar sakandare, wanda Denis Sichinsky, daga baya sanannen mawaki, ƙwararrun mawaƙa na farko a Yammacin Ukraine, kuma memba ne.

A 1883, a Shevchenko concert a Ternopil, na farko da jama'a yi na Salome ya faru, ta raira waƙa a cikin mawaƙa na Rasha zance jama'a. A Ternopil, Salomea Kruchelnytska ya saba da gidan wasan kwaikwayo a karon farko. A nan, daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Lvov na al'ummar Rasha ya yi.

A 1891, Salome shiga Lviv Conservatory. A Conservatory, ta malamin shi ne a lokacin sanannen farfesa a Lviv, Valery Vysotsky, wanda ya kawo dukan galaxy na shahararrun Ukrainian da Yaren mutanen Poland mawaƙa. Yayin da take karatu a ɗakin karatu, wasanta na farko na solo ya faru a ranar 13 ga Afrilu, 1892, mawaƙin ya yi babban sashi a cikin oratorio na GF Handel "Almasihu". Farkon wasan kwaikwayo na farko na Salome Krushelnytska ya faru a ranar 15 ga Afrilu, 1893, ta yi rawar Leonora a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Italiyanci mawaki G. Donizetti "The Favorite" a kan mataki na Lviv City Theater.

A 1893 Kruchelnytska sauke karatu daga Lvov Conservatory. A cikin difloma na Salome, an rubuta cewa: “Panna Salomea Krushelnitskaya ta karɓi wannan difloma a matsayin shaida na ilimin fasaha da ta samu ta hanyar himma da kuma nasara mai ban mamaki, musamman a gasar jama'a a ranar 24 ga Yuni, 1893, inda aka ba ta azurfa. lambar yabo."

Duk da yake har yanzu karatu a Conservatory Salomea Kruchelnytska samu tayin daga Lviv Opera House, amma ta yanke shawarar ci gaba da ilimi. Shahararriyar mawakiyar Italiya Gemma Bellinchoni, wacce a lokacin tana yawon shakatawa a Lviv ne ya yi tasiri a kan shawararta. A cikin kaka na 1893, Salome ta tafi karatu a Italiya, inda Farfesa Fausta Crespi ya zama malaminta. A cikin karatun, wasan kwaikwayo a wuraren wasan kwaikwayo da ta rera wasan opera aria sun kasance makaranta mai kyau ga Salome. A cikin rabin na biyu na 1890s, wasan kwaikwayo na nasara a kan matakan wasan kwaikwayo na duniya ya fara: a Italiya, Spain, Faransa, Portugal, Rasha, Poland, Austria, Masar, Argentina, Chile a cikin operas Aida, Il trovatore ta D. Verdi, Faust » Ch. Gounod, The Terrible Yard na S. Moniuszko, Matar Afirka ta D. Meyerbeer, Manon Lescaut da Cio-Cio-San ta G. Puccini, Carmen ta J. Bizet, Elektra ta R. Strauss, "Eugene Onegin" da "The Sarauniyar Spades" na PI Tchaikovsky da sauransu.

Fabrairu 17, 1904 a Milan wasan kwaikwayo "La Scala" Giacomo Puccini ya gabatar da sabon opera "Madama Butterfly". Ba a taɓa samun mawaƙin da ya tabbatar da nasara ba… amma masu sauraro sun yi ihun opera cikin fushi. Maestro da aka yi bikin ya ji an murkushe shi. Abokai sun rinjayi Puccini don sake yin aikinsa, kuma ya gayyaci Salome Kruchelnitskaya zuwa babban sashi. A ranar 29 ga Mayu, a kan mataki na Grande Theatre a Brescia, an gudanar da farawar Madama Butterfly da aka sabunta, wannan lokacin ya yi nasara. Masu sauraro sun kira 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da mawaƙa zuwa dandalin sau bakwai. Bayan wasan kwaikwayon, taɓawa da godiya, Puccini ya aika da Kruchelnitskaya hotonsa tare da rubutun: "Ga mafi kyawun Butterfly mai ban sha'awa."

A shekara ta 1910, S. Krushelnitskaya ya auri magajin garin Viareggio (Italiya) da kuma lauya Cesare Riccioni, wanda ya kasance masanin kide-kide da kuma masanin kida. An yi aurensu a ɗaya daga cikin haikalin Buenos Aires. Bayan auren, Cesare da Salome sun zauna a Viareggio, inda Salome ta sayi wani gida, wanda ta kira "Salome" kuma ta ci gaba da yawon shakatawa.

A shekara ta 1920, Krushelnitskaya ya bar wasan opera a matsayi mafi girma na shahararsa, yana yin wasan karshe a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Naples a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na operas Lorelei da Lohengrin. Ta sadaukar da rayuwarta na gaba ga ayyukan shagali, tana yin waƙoƙi a cikin harsuna 8. Ta zaga Turai da Amurka. Duk waɗannan shekaru har zuwa 1923 ta ko da yaushe ta zo ƙasarsu kuma ta yi a Lvov, Ternopil da sauran garuruwan Galicia. Ta na da ƙaƙƙarfan alaƙar abota da mutane da yawa a Yammacin Ukraine. Concerts sadaukar domin memory Taras Shevchenko shagaltar da wani wuri na musamman a cikin m aiki na singer. A 1929, na karshe yawon shakatawa concert na S. Kruchelnitskaya ya faru a Roma.

A 1938, mijin Kruchelnitskaya, Cesare Riccioni, ya mutu. A watan Agusta 1939, da singer ziyarci Galicia kuma, saboda barkewar yakin duniya na biyu, ya kasa komawa Italiya. A lokacin da Jamus ta mamaye Lviv, S. Kruchelnytska ta kasance matalauta sosai, don haka ta ba da darussan murya na sirri.

A cikin post-yaki lokaci, S. Kruchelnytska ya fara aiki a Lviv State Conservatory mai suna bayan NV Lysenko. Duk da haka, aikin koyarwa ta fara da kyar, ya kusa ƙarewa. A lokacin "tsarkake ma'aikata daga abubuwan kishin kasa" an zarge ta da rashin samun takardar shaidar difloma. Daga baya, an sami takardar shaidar a cikin kudaden gidan kayan tarihi na birnin.

Rayuwa da koyarwa a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, Salomeya Amvrosievna, duk da yawa roko, na dogon lokaci ba zai iya samun Tarayyar Soviet dan kasa, sauran batun Italiya. A ƙarshe, bayan rubuta wata sanarwa game da canja wurin ta Italiyanci villa da duk dukiya zuwa Tarayyar Soviet, Kruchelnitskaya zama dan kasa na Tarayyar Soviet. Nan take aka siyar da gidan, inda aka biya diyya mai kadan daga darajarsa.

A 1951, Salome Krushelnitskaya aka bayar da lakabi na girmama Art ma'aikaci na Ukrainian SSR, da kuma a watan Oktoba 1952, wata daya kafin mutuwarta, Krushelnitskaya samu lakabi na farfesa.

A ranar 16 ga Nuwamba, 1952, zuciyar babban mawakin ta daina bugawa. An binne ta a Lviv a makabartar Lychakiv kusa da kabarin abokinta kuma mai ba da shawara, Ivan Franko.

A shekara ta 1993, an sanya wa wani titi sunan S. Kruchelnytska a Lviv, inda ta rayu a cikin shekaru na ƙarshe na rayuwarta. An bude gidan kayan gargajiya na tunawa da Salomea Kruchelnytska a cikin ɗakin mawaƙa. A yau, Lviv Opera House, Lviv Musical Secondary School, Ternopil Musical College (inda aka buga jaridar Salomeya), makarantar 8 mai shekaru a ƙauyen Belaya, tituna a Kyiv, Lvov, Ternopil, Buchach. mai suna bayan S. Kruchelnytska (duba Salomeya Kruchelnytska Street). A cikin Mirror Hall na Lviv Opera da Ballet Theatre akwai wani abin tunawa da tagulla ga Salome Kruchelnytska.

Yawancin ayyukan fasaha, kiɗa da fina-finai an sadaukar da su ga rayuwa da aikin Salomea Kruchelnytska. A shekarar 1982, a A. Dovzhenko film studio, darektan O. Fialko harbi tarihi da kuma biographical film "The Return of Butterfly" (dangane da labari na wannan sunan da V. Vrublevskaya), sadaukar da rayuwa da kuma aiki na rayuwa. Salomea Kruchelnitskaya. Hoton ya dogara ne akan hakikanin gaskiyar rayuwar mawakiyar kuma an gina shi azaman tunaninta. Gisela Zipola ne ke yin sassan Salome. Ayyukan Salome a cikin fim din Elena Safonova ta buga. Bugu da kari, daftarin aiki da aka halitta, musamman, Salome Krushelnitskaya (directed by I. Mudrak, Lvov, Mafi, 1994) Rayuwa biyu na Salome (directed A. Frolov, Kyiv, Kontakt, 1997), sake zagayowar "Names" (2004). , Fim din fim din "Solo-mea" daga sake zagayowar "Wasanni na Fate" (director V. Obraz, VIATEL studio, 2008). Maris 18, 2006 a kan mataki na Lviv National Academic Opera da Ballet gidan wasan kwaikwayo mai suna bayan S. Kruchelnitskaya ya dauki bakuncin farko na ballet Miroslav Skorik "The Return of Butterfly", dangane da gaskiya daga rayuwar Salomea Krushelnitskaya. Ballet yana amfani da kiɗan Giacomo Puccini.

A 1995, da farko na wasan kwaikwayo "Salome Krushelnytska" (marubucin B. Melnichuk, I. Lyakhovsky) ya faru a cikin Ternopil Regional Drama Theater (yanzu ilimi wasan kwaikwayo). Tun 1987, da Salomea Kruchelnytska Competition da aka gudanar a Ternopil. A kowace shekara Lviv tana karbar bakuncin gasar kasa da kasa mai suna Kruchelnytska; bukukuwan wasan opera sun zama al'ada.