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Faransanci pointillisme, daga pointiller - rubuta tare da dige-dige, aya - aya

Harafin "dige", ɗaya daga cikin zamani. hanyoyin abun da ke ciki. Musamman P. shine kiɗan. Ba a bayyana ra'ayin ta hanyar jigogi ko dalilai ba (watau waƙoƙin waƙa) ko kowane tsawaita waƙa, amma tare da taimakon ɗimbin sauti (kamar ware) sautunan da ke kewaye da dakatarwa, da kuma gajere, a cikin 2-3, ƙasa da sau da yawa 4. sautunan dalilai (mafi yawa tare da tsalle-tsalle masu faɗi, fallasa ɗigo ɗaya a cikin rajista daban-daban); ana iya haɗa su da sautunan-timbre daban-daban-maƙallan bugun da ke haɗuwa da su (dukansu tare da tabbataccen filaye da mara iyaka) da sauran tasirin sauti da amo. Idan haɗin da yawa ya zama na hali don polyphony. Layukan waƙa, don luwaɗi - goyan bayan monody akan canza tubalan maɗaukaki, sannan ga P. - tarwatsa masu launuka masu haske na ɗigo masu haske (don haka sunan):

POLYPHONY HARMONY POINTILLISM

A. Ana daukar Webern a matsayin kakan P.. Samfurin P.:

A. Webern. "Stars" op. 25 ba 3.

Anan, haɗaɗɗiyar siffa ta mawallafin mawaƙa - sama, taurari, dare, furanni, ƙauna - ana wakilta ta da kaifi mai kyalli na sauti mai ma'ana. masana'anta masu rahusa, wanda ke aiki azaman haske da ƙwaƙƙwaran bango don waƙar.

Domin Webern P. ya kasance mai salo daban-daban. A. Schoenberg game da Webern's Bagatelles, op. 9, ya rubuta, ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin ƙaddamar da hankali na ƙarshe ("labari a cikin karimcin ɗaya," in ji A. Schoenberg game da Webern's Bagatelles, op. 1950), haɗe tare da sha'awar matsakaicin gaskiyar masana'anta da tsabtar salo. Masu zane-zane na Avant-garde na 60s da 1953s sun sanya P. hanyar gabatarwa da aka yi amfani da ita sosai dangane da ka'idodin serialism (K. Stockhausen, "Contra-Points", 1952; P. Boulez, "Structures", 56- 1957; L. Nono, "Variants", XNUMX).

References: Kohoutek Ts., Fasahar Haɗa a cikin kiɗan ƙarni na 1976, trans. daga Czech. M., 1967; Schäffer V., Maly Informator muzyki XX wieku, (Kr.), XNUMX.

Yu. N. Kholopov