Canji |

daga marigayi canji - canji

1) Tadawa ko rage darajar babban sikelin ba tare da canza sunansa ba. Hatsari: (mai kaifi, tashi ta hanyar semitone), ( lebur, faɗuwa ta hanyar semitone), (mai kaifi biyu, tashi da sautin murya), (biyu-lebur, faɗuwa ta sautin). Ba a amfani da alamun karuwa da raguwa sau uku (banda yana cikin littafin Rimsky-Korsakov's The Tale of the Invisible City of Kitezh, lamba 220).

Hatsari a farkon layin kiɗa tare da maɓalli (maɓalli) suna aiki a cikin kowane octaves har sai sun canza. Hatsari kafin bayanin kula (bazuwar) suna aiki ne kawai a cikin octave ɗaya a cikin sandar da aka bayar. Ƙin canji yana nuna alamar (bekar).

Da farko, manufar canji ta taso dangane da jigo biyu na sautin B, wanda aka riga ya ci karo da shi a karni na 10. Alamar zagaye tana nuna ƙaramin rubutu (ko "laushi", Faransanci -mol, saboda haka kalmar lebur); rectangular - mafi girma ("square", Faransanci. sarry, saboda haka becar); alamar ta daɗe (har zuwa ƙarshen karni na 17) daidai ce ta bekar.

A farkon karni na 17-18. bazuwar kuma sun fara aiki har zuwa ƙarshen mashaya (a baya sun kasance masu inganci kawai lokacin da aka maimaita wannan bayanin), an gabatar da haɗari sau biyu. A cikin kiɗa na zamani, saboda yanayin zuwa chromatization na tsarin tonal, saitin manyan haɗari sau da yawa yakan rasa ma'anarsa (dole ne a soke su nan da nan). A cikin kiɗan dodecaphone, yawanci ana sanya haɗari a gaban kowace bayanin da aka canza (ban da waɗanda aka maimaita cikin ma'auni); ba a amfani da alamomi biyu.

2) A cikin koyaswar jituwa, yawanci ana fahimtar canji azaman gyare-gyaren chromatic na manyan matakai marasa ƙarfi na sikelin, yana haɓaka sha'awar su zuwa ga barga (zuwa sautin tonic triad). Misali, a cikin manyan C:

Lambobin da ke ɗauke da gyare-gyaren sautuna ana kiran su canzawa. Mafi mahimmancin su shine ƙungiyoyi 3. Tushen kowane ɗayan su shine haɓaka na shida, wanda ke cikin semitone sama da ɗayan sautin tonic triad. Teburin da aka canza (bisa ga IV Sposobin):

A wata fassarar, canji gabaɗaya yana nufin duk wani gyare-gyare na chromatic na maɗaurin diatonic, ba tare da la'akari da ko motsin chromatic yana nufin sautin tonic ko a'a (X. Riemann, G. Schenker, A. Schoenberg, G. Erpf). Misali, a cikin C-dur, ce-ges shine canjin digiri na XNUMXst triad, a-cis-e shine digiri na XNUMXth triad.

3) A cikin bayanin haila, canzawa shine ninka na biyu na tsawon lokaci guda biyu daidai gwargwado (misali, na biyu na biyu na semibrevises) lokacin da ake canza mita mai kashi biyu zuwa kashi uku; | | a cikin mita biyu (a cikin laƙabi na zamani) ya zama | | a tripartite.

References: Tyulin Yu., Koyarwa game da jituwa, sashe na I, L., 1937, M., 1966; Aerova F., Canjin Ladova, K., 1962; Berkov V., Harmony, sashi na 2, M., 1964, (dukkan sassa 3 a cikin juzu'i ɗaya) M., 1970; Sposobin I., Laccoci a kan tafarkin jituwa, M., 1968; Schenker H., Neue musikalische Theorien und Phantasien…, Bd 1, B.-Stuttg., 1906; Schönberg A., Harmonlelehre, Lpz.-W., 1911, W., 1949; Riemann H., Handbuch der Harmonie- und Modulationslehre, Lpz., 1913; Kurth E., Romantische Harmonik und ihre Krise a cikin Wagners "Tristan", Bern, 1920; Erpf H., Studien zur Harmonie- und Klangtechnik der neueren Musik, Lpz., 1927.

Yu. N. Kholopov