Harmonic ƙarami. Melodic ƙarami.

Menene shahararrun gyare-gyare na ƙananan yara don ba shi inuwa ta musamman?

Tare da ci gaban kiɗa, ƙananan yanayin ya canza, yana ƙara sabon "launuka" zuwa sauti na ƙananan ƙananan halitta da aka riga aka kafa. Canje-canjen sun ƙunshi bayyanar haɗari a gaban wasu matakai kuma, a sakamakon haka, canji a cikin tazarar waɗannan matakan. Kamar yadda yake a cikin babban yanayin, ƙimar sha'awar sautunan da ba su da ƙarfi zuwa barga sun canza. A sakamakon haka, wasu nau'o'in ƙananan yara biyu sun bayyana: masu jituwa da kuma melodic.

Yi la'akari, a matsayin misalai, ƙananan hanyoyi dangane da ƙaramin A na halitta. Wannan yanayin ya dace don karatu, tun da ba shi da haɗari a cikin maɓalli. Hoton da ke ƙasa yana nuna ƙarami na halitta:

Hoto 1. Ƙananan ma'auni na halitta

harmonic qanana

Bambanci tsakanin ƙarami mai jituwa da ƙarami na halitta shine karuwa a cikin digiri na 7. Wannan yana ƙara haɓaka sha'awar sautin gabatarwa mai tasowa zuwa tonic.

Ƙananan tazara masu jituwa suna wakiltar daƙiƙa. Ga odarsu: b.2, m.2, b.2, b.2, m.2, SW.2, m.2. Hoton yana nuna ƙaramar jituwa:

Hoto 2. Ƙananan masu jituwa

Kwatanta sautin digiri na bakwai na masu jituwa da ƙanana na halitta. Ƙaunar ƙayyadadden mataki zuwa tonic yana da ƙarfi sosai a fili wanda zaka iya ji shi cikin sauƙi.

ƙarami mai daɗi

Bambanci tsakanin ƙarami na melodic da na halitta shine karuwa a cikin matakan VI da VII. Haɓaka matakin VI yana ba ku damar daidaita matakan matakan a cikin motsi na sama:

Hoto 3. Ƙananan Melodic

A cikin motsi na ƙasa, ƙaramin waƙar ba a yi amfani da shi ba da wuya (harmonic). An bayyana wannan sabon abu a sauƙaƙe: babu buƙatar ƙara karkata zuwa ga tonic (a cikin adadi an nuna shi ta naúrar a cikin brackets), idan muka tafi daga gare ta, amma muna buƙatar dawo da karkatar da matakin VI zuwa ga Digiri na V.

Lura cewa maɓallan ƙananan yanayin suna da alaƙa ta hanya ɗaya da maɓallan babban yanayin. A cikin samar da ƙananan maɓalli, ana amfani da matakan asali iri ɗaya da na asali kamar a cikin babban yanayin.

Maɓallai masu daidaitawa

Maɓallai masu layi ɗaya sune manyan maɓallan ƙanana waɗanda suke da haɗari iri ɗaya a maɓalli. Misali, maɓallan layi ɗaya zasu zama manyan C da ƙananan ƙananan. Duk maɓallan biyu ba su da alamun kwata-kwata a maɓalli. Ko kuma wani misali: G major da E qananan suma suna layi ɗaya, saboda duka maɓallan biyu zasu sami F-kaifi a maɓalli.

Lura cewa ƙaramar daidaitawa da babba tana da ƙaramar ƙaramar sulusi. Ana iya amfani da wannan na yau da kullun lokacin neman tonality daidai da babba.

Duka a cikin manya da kanana, alamun haɗari a cikin waƙoƙin waƙa da yanayin jituwa ana ɗaukar su “bazuwar”, ba a aiwatar da su zuwa maɓalli. Ana sanya su a cikin wani yanki na kiɗa kawai inda ya cancanta.

Adadin manya da ƙananan maɓallai iri ɗaya ne: akwai 15 kowannensu. Ana yin sunayen ƙananan yara bisa ga ƙa'ida ɗaya da manyan. Don naɗin harafin ƙaramin maɓalli, suna rubuta “moll” ko harafin farko kawai: “m”. Wadancan. A-minor ana nuna shi azaman A-moll, ko Am.

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Kun saba da  jitu da kuma  m kananan yara.