Nikolay Semenovych Golovanov (Nikolay Golovanov) |

Nikolay Golovanov

Yana da wuya a kara girman rawar wannan mawaƙi mai ban mamaki a cikin ci gaban al'adun Soviet. Domin fiye da shekaru arba'in, Golovanov ya ci gaba da 'ya'yan itace aiki, barin wani gagarumin alama a kan wasan opera mataki da kuma a cikin concert rayuwa na kasar. Ya kawo al'adun gargajiya na gargajiya na Rasha a cikin fasahar wasan kwaikwayon matasa na Soviet.

A cikin ƙuruciyarsa Golovanov ya sami kyakkyawar makaranta a Makarantar Synodal ta Moscow (1900-1909), inda shahararren mashahuran mawaƙa V. Orlov da A. Kastalsky suka koyar da shi. A 1914 ya sauke karatu tare da girmamawa daga Moscow Conservatory a cikin abun da ke ciki class karkashin M. Ippolitov-Ivanov da S. Vasilenko. Ba da da ewa, matashin madugu ya riga ya fara aiki mai ƙarfi a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Bolshoi. A shekarar 1919, Golovanov ya fara halarta a karon a nan - karkashin jagorancin Rimsky-Korsakov ta opera "Tale of Tsar Saltan".

Ayyukan Golovanov sun kasance masu tsanani da yawa. A cikin shekaru na farko na juyin juya halin, ya sha'awar ya dauki bangare a cikin kungiyar na opera studio a Bolshoi Theater (daga baya Stanislavsky Opera House), tare da AV Nezhdanova a kan yawon shakatawa na yammacin Turai (1922-1923), ya rubuta music (ya. ya rubuta operas guda biyu, wasan kwaikwayo, raye-raye masu yawa da sauran ayyukan), yana koyar da wasan opera da azuzuwan kade-kade a Moscow Conservatory (1925-1929). Tun 1937, Golovanov ya jagoranci All-Union Radio Grand Symphony Orchestra, wanda a karkashin jagorancinsa, ya zama daya daga cikin mafi kyau music kungiyoyin a kasar.

Shekaru da yawa, wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo na Golovanov ya kasance wani muhimmin ɓangare na rayuwar fasaha na Tarayyar Soviet. N. Anosov ya rubuta: "Lokacin da kake tunani game da siffar kirkire-kirkire na Nikolai Semenovich Golovanov, ainihin ma'anarsa na kasa yana da alama shine babban abin da ya fi dacewa. Tsarin kerawa na kasa na Rasha ya mamaye ayyukan Golovanov, gudanarwa da tsara ayyukan.

Lalle ne, jagoran ya ga babban aikinsa a cikin farfaganda da yada duk wani nau'i na kiɗa na gargajiya na Rasha. A cikin shirye-shiryen na maraice na maraice, an fi samun sunayen Tchaikovsky, Mussorgsky, Borodin, Rimsky-Korsakov, Scriabin, Glazunov, Rachmaninov. Da ya juya ga ayyukan kiɗan Soviet, ya fara duban abubuwan da suka dace dangane da al'adun gargajiya na Rasha; Ba daidai ba ne cewa Golovanov shine farkon wasan kwaikwayo na biyar, shida, ashirin da biyu Symphonies da N. Myaskovsky "Greeting Overture".

Babban kasuwanci na rayuwar Golovanov shine wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗa. Kuma a nan hankalinsa ya kusan karkata ga wasannin opera na Rasha. Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Bolshoi ya shirya shirye-shirye kusan ashirin na farko a ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa. Ruslan da Lyudmila, Eugene Onegin, Sarauniyar Spades, Boris Godunov, Khovanshchina, Sorochinskaya Fair, Prince Igor, The Tale of Tsar Saltan, Sadko, Bride na Tsar, Sadko, Bride na Tsar, da dare kafin Kirsimeti. Golden Cockerel, Tale na Ganuwa City Kitezh da Maiden Fevronia-a cikin kalma, kusan duk mafi kyau operas na Rasha composers.

Golovanov abin mamaki da dabara ya ji kuma ya san takamaiman matakin wasan opera. Samar da ka'idodin wasan kwaikwayo ya fi dacewa ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa tare da A. Nezhdanova, F. Chaliapin, P. Sobinov. A cewar masu zamani, Golovanov ko da yaushe rayayye zurfafa cikin duk matakai na wasan kwaikwayo rayuwa, har zuwa shigarwa na shimfidar wuri. A cikin wasan opera na Rasha, ya fi jan hankalinsa ta hanyar babban girman girman, ma'aunin tunani, da tsananin motsin rai. Mai zurfin sanin ƙayyadaddun murya, ya sami damar yin aiki tare da mawaƙa, ba tare da gajiyawa ba yana neman salon fasaha daga wurinsu. M. Maksakova ya tuna: “Ikon sihiri ya fito daga gare shi. Kasancewarsa kawai wani lokaci ya isa ya ji kiɗan ta wata sabuwar hanya, don fahimtar wasu ɓoyayyun ɓoyayyun abubuwa a baya. Lokacin da Golovanov ya tsaya a bayan na'urar wasan bidiyo, hannunsa ya kafa sauti tare da madaidaicin madaidaicin, ba tare da barin shi ya " yada". Sha'awar sa na mai da hankali sosai kan kuzarin kuzari da na ɗan lokaci wani lokaci ya haifar da cece-kuce. Amma wata hanya ko wata, madugu ya sami kyakkyawan ra'ayi na fasaha. "

Golovanov yi aiki tare da ƙungiyar makaɗa naci da kuma manufa. Labarun game da "rashin tausayi" na Golovanov ga ƙungiyar makaɗa ya zama kusan labari. Amma wannan shi ne kawai rashin daidaituwar bukatun mai zane, aikinsa na mawaƙa. Golovanov ya ce "Suna cewa jagoran ya tilasta wa masu yin wasan kwaikwayo, ya karkatar da shi ga kansa," in ji Golovanov. - Wannan gaskiya ne kuma ya zama dole, amma, ba shakka, cikin iyakoki masu ma'ana. A cikin aiwatar da guda ɗaya, dole ne a yi wasiyya ɗaya. Wannan nufin, dukan zuciyarsa, dukan ƙarfinsa Golovanov ya ba da sabis na kiɗa na Rasha.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek