Nikolai Peyko |

Nikolai Peyko

Na yaba da hazakarsa a matsayinsa na malami kuma mawaki, na dauke shi mutum ne mai hazaka da tsaftar ruhi. S. Gubaidulina

Kowane sabon aikin N. Peiko yana tayar da sha'awar masu sauraro na gaske, ya zama wani lamari a cikin rayuwar kiɗa a matsayin wani abu mai haske da asali na al'adun fasaha na kasa. Haɗuwa da kiɗan mawaƙi wata dama ce ta sadarwa ta ruhaniya tare da wannan zamani, mai zurfi da zurfin nazarin matsalolin ɗabi'a na kewayen duniya. Mawaƙin yana aiki tuƙuru da ƙarfi, da ƙarfin gwiwa yana ƙware nau'ikan kiɗan iri daban-daban. Ya kirkiro wasan kwaikwayo na 8, babban adadin ayyuka don ƙungiyar makaɗa, 3 ballets, opera, cantatas, oratorios, ɗakin kayan aiki da ayyukan murya, kiɗa don wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo, fina-finai, watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo.

An haifi Peiko a cikin iyali mai hankali. A lokacin ƙuruciya da ƙuruciya, karatunsa na kiɗan ya kasance na yanayin mai son. A dama taro tare da G. Litinsky, wanda sosai godiya da baiwa na saurayi, canza Peiko ta rabo: ya zama dalibi na sashen abun da ke ciki na koleji na music, da kuma a 1937 ya aka shigar a shekara ta uku na Moscow Conservatory. daga abin da ya sauke karatu a cikin aji na N. Myaskovskogo. Tuni a cikin 40s. Peiko ya bayyana kansa duka biyu a matsayin mawaki na gwaninta mai haske da asali, kuma a matsayin jama'a, kuma a matsayin jagora. Ayyuka mafi mahimmanci na 40-50s. shaida girma gwaninta; a cikin zaɓin batutuwa, makirci, ra'ayoyi, rayuwa na hankali, lura mai mahimmanci, duniya na buƙatu, faɗin hangen nesa da al'adu masu girma suna ƙara bayyana.

Peiko ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne da aka haifa. Tuni a cikin aikin farko na symphonic, an ƙaddara fasalin fasalinsa, wanda aka bambanta ta hanyar haɗin kai na ciki na tunani tare da kamewar magana. Wani abu mai ban mamaki na aikin Peiko shine jan hankali ga al'adun ƙasa na mutanen duniya. Bambance-bambancen sha'awar al'adu ya bayyana a cikin ƙirƙirar wasan kwaikwayo na farko na Bashkir "Aikhylu" (tare da M. Valeev, 1941), a cikin ɗakin "Daga Yakut Legends", a cikin "Moldavian Suite", a cikin Bakwai Bakwai akan Jigogi. na Jama'ar Tarayyar Soviet, da dai sauransu. A cikin waɗannan ayyukan marubucin ya motsa shi ta hanyar sha'awar yin la'akari da zamani ta hanyar ra'ayoyin kiɗa da waƙoƙi na al'ummomin kasashe daban-daban.

60-70s Lokaci yayi don haɓakar ƙirƙira da balaga. Ballet Joan na Arc ya kawo shahara a ƙasashen waje, wanda aka halicce shi ta hanyar aiki mai ban sha'awa a kan tushen farko - jama'a da ƙwararrun kiɗa na Faransanci na da. A wannan lokacin, an kafa taken aikin sa na kishin ƙasa kuma an yi sauti mai ƙarfi, tare da yin kira ga abubuwan tarihi da al'adun mutanen Rasha, ayyukansu na jaruntaka a cikin yaƙin da ya gabata. Daga cikin wadannan ayyukan akwai oratorio "The Night of Tsar Ivan" (dangane da labarin da AK Tolstoy "The Silver Prince"), da symphonic sake zagayowar "A cikin Strade of War". A cikin 80s. A cikin layi tare da wannan jagorar, an halicci waɗannan abubuwa masu zuwa: oratorio "Days of Old Battles" bisa ga abin tunawa na tsohuwar wallafe-wallafen Rasha "Zadonshchina", ɗakin cantata "Pinezhie" bisa ayyukan F. Abramov.

Duk waɗannan shekarun, kiɗan kaɗe-kaɗe na ci gaba da mamaye babban matsayi a cikin aikin mawaƙi. Wakokinsa na huɗu da na biyar, Symphony Concerto, waɗanda ke haɓaka mafi kyawun al'adun wasan kwaikwayo na almara na Rasha, sun sami babban kukan jama'a. Bambance-bambancen nau'ikan murya da nau'ikan da Peiko ya runguma yana da ban sha'awa. Ayyukan murya da piano (sama da 70) sun ƙunshi sha'awar fahimtar ɗa'a da falsafa na rubutun waƙar A. Blok, S. Yesenin, mawaƙan Sinawa na tsakiya da na zamani na Amurka. Mafi girman kukan jama'a ya samu ta hanyar ayyukan da suka danganci ayoyin Soviet mawaƙa - A. Surkov, N. Zabolotsky, D. Kedrin, V. Nabokov.

Peiko yana jin daɗin ikon da babu shakka tsakanin matasa mawaƙa. Daga ajinsa (kuma yana koyarwa tun 1942 a Moscow Conservatory, tun 1954 a Gnessin Institute) dukan galaxy na mawaƙa masu al'ada sun fito (E. Ptichkin, E. Tumanyan, A. Zhurbin, da sauransu).

L. Rapatskaya

Abubuwan da aka tsara:

wasan kwaikwayo Aikhylu (wanda MM Valeev ya gyara, 1943, Ufa; ed 2nd., co-marubucin, 1953, cikakke); ballet – Spring iskõki (tare da 3. V. Khabibulin, bisa ga labari na K. Nadzhimy, 1950), Jeanne d'Arc (1957, Musical Theater mai suna bayan Stanislavsky da Nemirovich-Danchenko, Moscow), Birch Grove (1964); ga mawakan solo, mawaka da makada – Cantata magina na gaba (lyrics ta NA Zabolotsky, 1952), oratori The Night of Tsar Ivan (bayan AK Tolstoy, 1967); don makada - symphonies (1946; 1946-1960; 1957; 1965; 1969; 1972; concert-symphony, 1974), suites Daga Yakut Legends (1940; 2nd ed. 1957), Daga zamanin d Rasha (1948). Moldavian suite (2), symphonietta (1963), bambancin (1950), 1940 guda a kan jigogi na mutanen Tarayyar Soviet (1947), Symphonic Ballad (7), overture Ga duniya (1951), Capriccio (ga kananan symphonic). orc., 1959); don piano da makada - wasan kwaikwayo (1954); don violin da ƙungiyar makaɗa - Fantasy Concert akan Jigogi na Finnish (1953), Fantasy Concert na 2 (1964); dakin kayan aiki ensembles - 3 igiyoyi. kwata (1963, 1965, 1976), fp. quintet (1961), decimet (1971); don piano - 2 sonatas (1950, 1975), 3 sonatas (1942, 1943, 1957), bambancin (1957), da dai sauransu; don murya da piano - wata. cycles Heart of a Warrior (kalmomi daga mawakan Soviet, 1943), Harlem Night Sauti (kalmomi daga mawakan Amurka, 1946-1965), 3 kiɗa. hotuna (waƙa ta SA Yesenin, 1960), zagayowar Lyric (waƙoƙin G. Apollinaire, 1961), 8 wok. wakoki da triptych Kaka shimfidar wuri a kan ayoyin HA Zabolotsky (1970, 1976), romances a kan lyrics. AA Blok (1944-65), Bo-Jui-i (1952) da sauransu; kiɗa don wasan kwaikwayo. t-ra, fina-finai da nunin rediyo.

Ayyukan adabi: Game da kiɗan Yakuts "SM", 1940, No 2 (tare da I. Shteiman); 27th Symphony na N. Ya. Myaskovsky, a cikin littafin: N. Ya. Myaskovski. Labarai, haruffa, abubuwan tunawa, vol. 1, M., 1959; Tunanin malami, ibid.; G. Berlioz - R. Strauss - S. Gorchakov. A kan bugu na Rasha na Berlioz's "Treatise", "SM", 1974, No 1; Miniatures na kayan aiki guda biyu. (Binciken abubuwan wasan kwaikwayo na O. Messiaen da V. Lutoslavsky), a cikin Sat: Music and Modernity, vol. 9 ga M., 1975.

References: Belyaev V., Ayyukan Symphonic na N. Peiko, "SM", 1947, No 5; Boganova T., Game da kiɗa na N. Peiko, ibid., 1962, No 2; Grigoryeva G., NI Peiko. Moscow, 1965. nata, Vocal Lyrics by N. Peiko da sake zagayowarsa a kan ayoyin N. Zabolotsky, a cikin Sat: Music and Modernity, vol. 8, M., 1974.