Adelina Patti (Adelina Patti) |

Adelina patti

Patti yana daya daga cikin manyan wakilai na jagorancin virtuoso. A lokaci guda, ita ma ta kasance ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwallo ne na ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwaƙƙwalta da ta kafa ) tana iyakance ta musamman ga ayyukan barkwanci da na waƙoƙi. Wani fitaccen mai suka ya ce game da Patti: “Tana da babbar murya, sabuwar murya, mai ban mamaki don fara’a da ƙarfin kuzari, muryar da ba ta da hawaye, amma cike da murmushi.”

VV Timokhin ya ce: "A cikin ayyukan wasan opera bisa manyan tsare-tsare, Patti ya fi sha'awar bakin ciki, tausayi, ratsawa cikin wakoki fiye da sha'awa mai zafi," in ji VV Timokhin. - A cikin matsayin Amina, Lucia, Linda, mai zanen ya faranta ran mutanen zamaninta da farko da sauƙi, ikhlasi, dabarar fasaha - halayen da ke tattare da ayyukan ta na ban dariya…

Masu zamani sun sami muryar mawakiyar, ko da yake ba ta da ƙarfi musamman, na musamman a cikin taushinsa, daɗaɗɗen sa, sassauƙa da hazaka, da kyawun katako a zahiri ya sa masu sauraro sukuni. Patty ya sami damar zuwa kewayo daga “si” na ƙaramin octave zuwa “fa” na uku. A cikin mafi kyawun shekarunta, ba ta taɓa yin “rera” a wurin wasan kwaikwayo ko a wurin shagali ba don a hankali ta sami tsari - daga farkon kalmomin da ta bayyana cike da makamai da fasaharta. Cikawar sauti da tsaftar innati a koyaushe suna cikin waƙar mawaƙin, kuma ingancin ƙarshe ya ɓace ne kawai lokacin da ta koma ga sautin muryarta na tilas a cikin abubuwan ban mamaki. Dabarun ban mamaki na Patti, na ban mamaki na sauƙi wanda mawaƙin ya yi fiorities masu ban mamaki (musamman trills da hawan chromatic ma'auni), ya sa duniya ta yaba.

Tabbas, an ƙaddara makomar Adeline Patti lokacin haihuwa. Gaskiyar ita ce, an haife ta (19 ga Fabrairu, 1843) a cikin ginin Opera na Madrid. Mahaifiyar Adeline ta rera taken taken "Norma" a nan 'yan sa'o'i kadan kafin haihuwa! Mahaifin Adeline, Salvatore Patti, shi ma mawaki ne.

Bayan haihuwar yarinyar - riga na hudu, muryar mawaƙa ta rasa halayenta mafi kyau, kuma nan da nan ta bar mataki. Kuma a cikin 1848, dangin Patty sun tafi ƙasashen waje don neman arzikinsu kuma suka zauna a New York.

Adeline yana sha'awar wasan opera tun lokacin yaro. Sau da yawa, tare da iyayenta, ta ziyarci gidan wasan kwaikwayo na New York, inda yawancin shahararrun mawaƙa na lokacin suka yi.

Da take magana game da kuruciyar Patti, marubucin tarihinta Theodore de Grave ya kawo wani labari mai ban sha'awa: “Dawowa gida kwana ɗaya bayan wasan kwaikwayon Norma, lokacin da ’yan wasan suka yi ta yawo da furanni, Adeline ta yi amfani da lokacin da iyalin suka shagaltu da abincin dare. , a nutsu ta shige dakin mahaifiyarta. Tana shiga, yarinyar - tana da shekara shida da kyar a lokacin - ta lullube kanta da bargo, ta sanya kwalliya a kai - tuno da wasu nasarorin da mahaifiyarta ta samu - kuma, ta fito da muhimmanci a gaban madubi, tare da iska na debutante sosai gamsu da sakamakon da ta samar, rera gabatarwar aria Norma. Lokacin da sautin yaron na ƙarshe ya daskare a cikin iska, ita kuma ta wuce cikin rawar masu saurare, ta saka wa kanta da tafawa da yawa, ta zare kwalliyar da ke kanta ta jefar a gabanta, don ta ɗaga shi, sai ta yi tafawa. sami damar yin mafi kyawun bakuna, wanda mai zane ya kira mai zane ko kuma ya gode wa masu sauraronta.

Hazakar Adeline ta ba ta damar, bayan ɗan gajeren nazari da ɗan’uwanta Ettore a 1850, tana da shekaru bakwai (!), Don yin wasan kwaikwayo. Masoyan kiɗan New York sun fara magana game da matashiyar mawaƙin, wanda ke rera waƙar arias na gargajiya tare da fasaha mara fahimta ga shekarunta.

Iyaye sun fahimci irin haɗarin irin wannan wasan kwaikwayon na farko ga muryar 'yar su, amma buƙatar ba ta bar wata hanya ba. Sabbin kade-kaden da Adeline ya yi a Washington, Philadelphia, Boston, New Orleans da sauran biranen Amurka sun sami gagarumar nasara. Ta kuma tafi Cuba da Antilles. Domin shekaru hudu, da matasa artist yi fiye da ɗari uku sau!

A shekara ta 1855, Adeline, ta daina yin wasan kwaikwayo gaba ɗaya, ta fara nazarin fassarar Italiyanci tare da Strakosh, mijin 'yar'uwarta. Shine ita kadai, banda yayansa, malamin murya. Tare da Strakosh, ta shirya wasanni goma sha tara. A lokaci guda, Adeline ta yi nazarin piano tare da 'yar'uwarta Carlotta.

"Nuwamba 24, 1859 ta kasance muhimmiyar rana a tarihin wasan kwaikwayo," in ji VV Timokhin. – A wannan rana, masu sauraron Cibiyar Kiɗa ta New York sun kasance a wurin haifuwar sabuwar fitacciyar mawakiyar opera: Adeline Patti ta fara fitowa a nan a Donizetti's Lucia di Lammermoor. Kyawun muryar da ba kasafai ba da kuma fasaha na musamman na mai zane ya haifar da hayaniya daga jama'a. A kakar wasa ta farko, ta rera waka da gagarumar nasara a cikin karin wasan kwaikwayo goma sha hudu sannan ta sake zagayawa biranen Amurka, a wannan karon tare da fitaccen dan wasan violin na kasar Norway Ole Bull. Amma Patty ba ta yi tunanin shaharar da ta samu a Sabuwar Duniya ya isa ba; Yarinyar ta garzaya zuwa Turai don yin yaki a can don neman a kira ta da mawaki na farko a zamaninta.

A ranar 14 ga Mayu, 1861, ta bayyana a gaban ƴan ƙasar Landan, waɗanda suka cika gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Covent Garden zuwa ambaliya, a matsayin Amina (La sonnambula na Bellini) kuma an karrama ta da wata nasara wadda a baya ta faɗo a kan kuri'a, watakila, kawai ta taliya. da Malibran. A nan gaba, mawaƙin ya gabatar da masu son kiɗa na gida tare da fassarar sassan Rosina (The Barber of Seville), Lucia (Lucia di Lammermoor), Violetta (La Traviata), Zerlina (Don Giovanni), Marta (Marta Flotov) , wanda nan take ya zabo ta a matsayin manyan masu fasaha a duniya.

Kodayake daga baya Patti ta yi tafiya zuwa ƙasashe da yawa a Turai da Amurka, Ingila ce ta sadaukar da mafi yawan rayuwarta (a ƙarshe ta zauna a can daga ƙarshen 90s). Ya isa a faɗi cewa shekaru ashirin da uku (1861-1884) tare da halartarta, ana gudanar da wasan kwaikwayo akai-akai a Covent Garden. Babu wani gidan wasan kwaikwayo da ya taɓa ganin Patti a kan mataki na dogon lokaci. "

A 1862, Patti ya yi a Madrid da Paris. Adeline nan da nan ya zama wanda aka fi so na masu sauraron Faransanci. Critic Paolo Scyudo, lokacin da take magana game da rawar da Rosina ta taka a cikin The Barber of Seville, ta lura: “Mai ban sha'awa na siren ya makantar da Mario, ya saurara masa da danna faifan nata. Tabbas, a ƙarƙashin irin waɗannan yanayi, ba Mario ko wani ba ya fita daga tambaya; Dukkaninsu sun ruɗe - ba da son rai ba, Adeline Patty kawai aka ambata, game da alherinta, ƙuruciyarta, muryarta mai ban mamaki, ilhami mai ban mamaki, bajintar son kai da kuma, a ƙarshe… game da nata na ɗan ɓatacce, wanda zai yi nisa da rashin amfani don saurare. ga muryar alkalai marasa son kai, wanda idan ba tare da abin da zai yiwu ba ta kai ga uzuri na fasaharta. Fiye da duka, dole ne ta yi hattara da yabo mai ban sha'awa wanda masu sukar ta masu arha ke shirye su jefa ta - waɗancan na halitta, duk da cewa maƙiyan mafi kyawun halayen jama'a. Yabon irin wadannan masu suka ya fi tsangwamarsu, amma Patti ta kasance hazikiyar fasaha, ko shakka babu, ba zai yi mata wahala ba ta sami muryar kamewa da rashin son kai a cikin jama'ar da ke murna, muryar mutum mai sadaukarwa. komai zuwa ga gaskiya kuma a shirye yake ya bayyana shi koyaushe tare da cikakken imani ga rashin yiwuwar tsoratarwa. baiwar da ba za a iya musantawa ba."

Birnin na gaba inda Patty ke jiran nasara shine St. Petersburg. Ranar 2 ga Janairu, 1869, mawaƙin ya rera waƙa a La Sonnambula, sa'an nan kuma an yi wasan kwaikwayo a Lucia di Lammermoor, The Barber of Seville, Linda di Chamouni, L'elisir d'amore da Donizetti's Don Pasquale. Tare da kowane wasan kwaikwayo, Adeline ya shahara. A ƙarshen kakar wasa, jama'a sun gane ta a matsayin mai fasaha na musamman, wanda ba zai iya jurewa ba.

PI Tchaikovsky ya rubuta a cikin ɗaya daga cikin kasidunsa masu mahimmanci: “… Mrs. Patti, bisa ga gaskiya, ta kasance ta farko a cikin manyan mashahuran murya na tsawon shekaru a jere. Abin al'ajabi a cikin sauti, mai girma a mikewa da murya mai ƙarfi, tsabta marar tsabta da haske a cikin coloratura, ƙwarewa mai ban sha'awa da gaskiya na fasaha wanda take aiwatar da kowane ɓangarenta, alheri, dumi, ladabi - duk wannan an haɗa shi a cikin wannan mawaƙin mai ban mamaki a daidai gwargwadon a cikin daidaitattun daidaito. Wannan yana ɗaya daga cikin ƴan zaɓaɓɓu waɗanda za a iya sanya su a cikin ajin farko na masu fasaha na aji na farko.

Domin shekaru tara da singer kullum zo babban birnin kasar Rasha. Ayyukan Patty sun sami ra'ayoyi daban-daban daga masu suka. Petersburg m jama'a ya kasu kashi biyu sansani: Adeline ta magoya - "pattists" da kuma magoya bayan wani shahararren mawaki Nilson - "Nilsonists".

Wataƙila mafi girman haƙiƙan kima na ƙwarewar aikin Patty Laroche ne ya ba da: “Tana sha'awar haɗar murya mai ban mamaki tare da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙira. Muryar tana da ban mamaki sosai: wannan sonority na babban bayanin kula, wannan babbar girma na babban rajista kuma a lokaci guda wannan ƙarfin, wannan kusan mezzo-soprano yawa na ƙananan rajista, wannan haske, buɗaɗɗen katako, a lokaci guda haske. da kuma zagaye, duk waɗannan halaye tare sun zama wani abu mai ban mamaki. An yi magana da yawa game da fasaha da Patty ke yin sikeli, trills, da sauransu, wanda ban sami wani abu da zan kara a nan ba; Zan kawai lura cewa watakila mafi girman yabo ya cancanci ma'anar rabo da ta yi kawai matsalolin da ke iya samun damar murya ... Maganarta - a cikin duk abin da ke da sauƙi, wasa da alheri - ba shi da kyau, ko da yake ko da a cikin waɗannan abubuwan da ban samu ba face cikar rayuwa da a wasu lokuta ake samu a tsakanin mawaƙa da ƙananan muryoyin murya ... Babu shakka, yanayinta yana iyakance ga nau'in haske da nagarta, kuma al'adunta a matsayin mawaƙin farko na zamaninmu yana tabbatar da cewa jama'a kawai. ya yaba da wannan nau'in na musamman sama da komai kuma a shirye yake ya ba da komai.

Ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, 1877, aikin fa'idar mai zane ya faru a Rigoletto. Babu wanda ya yi tunanin cewa a cikin siffar Gilda za ta bayyana a gaban mutanen St. Petersburg na karshe. A jajibirin La Traviata, mai zane ya kamu da sanyi, ban da haka, ba zato ba tsammani ta maye gurbin babban mai wasan kwaikwayo na Alfred tare da dalibi. Mijin mawakiyar, Marquis de Caux, ya bukaci ta soke wasan kwaikwayo. Patti, bayan shakku da yawa, ya yanke shawarar yin waƙa. Sa’ad da ta shiga tsakani ta farko, ta tambayi mijinta: “Har yanzu, da alama ina rera waƙa sosai a yau, duk da kome?” "Eh," in ji Marquis, "amma, ta yaya zan iya sanya shi cikin diflomasiyya, na kasance ina jin ku cikin mafi kyawun tsari..."

Wannan amsar ta yi kama da mawakin ba ta isa diflomasiyya ba. A fusace ta yage gashin gashinta ta jefa wa mijinta, ta kore shi daga dakin. Sa'an nan, dan kadan murmurewa, mawaƙin duk da haka ya kawo wasan kwaikwayon zuwa ƙarshe kuma, kamar yadda ya saba, ya sami gagarumar nasara. Amma ba za ta iya gafarta wa mijinta ba saboda gaskiyarsa: nan da nan lauyanta a Paris ya mika masa bukatar saki. Wannan yanayin tare da mijinta ya sami karbuwa sosai, kuma mawaƙin ya bar Rasha na dogon lokaci.

A halin yanzu, Patti ya ci gaba da yin wasan kwaikwayo a duniya har tsawon shekaru ashirin. Bayan nasarar da ta samu a La Scala, Verdi ya rubuta a cikin ɗayan wasiƙunsa: “Don haka, Patti ta yi nasara sosai! Dole ne ya kasance haka!.. Lokacin da na ji ta a karon farko (tana da shekara 18) a Landan, na yi mamakin ba kawai don wasan kwaikwayo mai ban mamaki ba, har ma da wasu siffofi a cikin wasanta, wanda har ma a lokacin. wata babbar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta bayyana… a daidai lokacin… Na ayyana ta a matsayin mawaƙa kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo na ban mamaki. Kamar banda a cikin fasaha. "

Patti ta ƙare aikinta na mataki a 1897 a Monte Carlo tare da wasan kwaikwayo a cikin operas Lucia di Lammermoor da La Traviata. Tun daga wannan lokacin, mai zane ya ba da kansa kawai don ayyukan kide-kide. A 1904 ta sake ziyarci St. Petersburg kuma ta rera waƙa da babban nasara.

Patti ya yi bankwana da jama'a har abada a ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 1914 a zauren Albert na London. A lokacin tana da shekara saba'in. Kuma ko da yake muryarsa ta rasa ƙarfi da sabo, timbre ɗinsa ya kasance mai daɗi.

Patti ta shafe shekaru na ƙarshe na rayuwarta a gidanta na Craig-ay-Nose da ke Wells, inda ta mutu a ranar 27 ga Satumba, 1919 (an binne ta a makabartar Père Lachaise a Paris).