Galina Oleinichenko |

Galina Oleinichenko

Wannan shekara tana da wadata a cikin bukukuwan tunawa da manyan malaman makarantar muryoyin murya na kasa. Kuma muna bikin farkon su a ƙarshen Fabrairu, a jajibirin bazara da aka dade ana jira. Wannan shi ne mafi alama saboda basirar gwarzonmu na wannan rana, ko kuma jarumi na rana, yana dacewa da yanayin bazara - mai haske da tsabta, mai laushi da lyrical, haske da girmamawa. A cikin wata kalma, a yau muna girmama mawaƙa mai ban mamaki Galina Vasilievna Oleinichenko, wanda muryar da ba za a iya mantawa da ita ba ta yi sauti a cikin sararin muryarmu na kimanin shekaru talatin kuma sananne ne ga duk masoyan opera.

Galina Oleynichenko sananne ne, da farko, a matsayin tauraro mai launi na Bolshoi Theatre na 60-70s. Duk da haka, ta zo zuwa Moscow a matsayin riga kafa singer, kuma baicin, lashe uku vocal gasa. Duk da haka, mafi muhimmanci abubuwan da ta aiki suna hade da babban opera mataki na Tarayyar Soviet: shi ne a nan, a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo, wanda shi ne matuƙar mafarki da kuma mafi girma batu na aiki na kowane Soviet vocalist, da singer ta raira waƙa da kuma. gwanintar mataki ya fi bayyana.

An haifi Galina Oleinichenko a ranar 23 ga Fabrairu, 1928 a Ukraine, kamar babban Nezhdanova kusa da Odessa, wanda yake alama ce ta wani matsayi, tun da yake Oleinichenko, tare da Irina Maslennikova, Elizaveta Shumskaya, Vera Firsova da Bela Rudenko, wanda a karo na biyu rabin karni na 1933 ya taka rawa a matsayin mai kulawa da magajin mafi kyawun al'adun coloratura na rera waƙa a kan mataki na Bolshoi Theater, ƙarfafa ta babban coloratura na shekarun kafin yakin, magajin Nezhdanova nan da nan - Valeria Barsova, Elena. Stepanova da Elena Katulskaya. Mawaƙiyar nan gaba ta fara karatunta na kiɗan tun tana ƙuruciya, tana karanta ajin garaya a Makarantar kiɗan yara ta musamman ta shekara goma. PS Stolyarsky. Wannan cibiyar ilimi, wanda aka kafa a cikin XNUMX, an san shi sosai a cikin sararin ƙasarmu, tun da yake a nan ne yawancin mashahuran mawaƙa na gida suka fara tafiya. Ya kasance tare da kayan aiki mai ban mamaki da ban mamaki wanda matashi Galina yayi tunanin ya haɗa makomarta, yin nazari sosai kuma tare da babban sha'awa. Duk da haka, kaddara ba zato ba tsammani ta canza shirinta lokacin da mawaƙa na gaba ya gano wata kyauta mai ban mamaki - murya, kuma nan da nan ta zama dalibi na sashen murya na Kwalejin kiɗa na Odessa.

Odessa na waɗannan shekaru ya kasance babban cibiyar al'adu na Tarayyar Soviet, wanda ya gaji wannan matsayi daga zamanin juyin juya hali. An sani cewa Odessa Opera House yana daya daga cikin mafi tsufa a cikin ƙasa na Rasha Empire (da aka kafa a 1810), a baya duniya opera taurari haskaka a kan mataki - kamar Fyodor Chaliapin, Salome Krushelnitskaya, Leonid Sobinov. Medea da Nikolai Figner, Giuseppe Anselmi, Enrico Caruso, Mattia Battistini, Leone Giraldoni, Titta Ruffo da sauransu. Kuma ko da yake a cikin Soviet shekaru babu sauran al'adar gayyato Italian opera taurari, gidan wasan kwaikwayo ya ci gaba da rike da karfi matsayi a cikin m m na wani sararin kasa, saura daga cikin mafi kyau m kungiyoyin na Tarayyar Soviet: masu sana'a matakin. Ƙungiyar ta kasance mai girma sosai, wanda aka samu da farko saboda kasancewar ƙwararrun ma'aikatan koyarwa a Odessa Conservatory (Professors Yu.A. bako masu wasan kwaikwayo daga Moscow, Leningrad, Kyiv, Tbilisi, da dai sauransu.

Irin wannan yanayi yana da tasiri mafi fa'ida akan samuwar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun al'adu da ɗanɗanon gwanintar matasa. Idan a farkon karatun ta har yanzu akwai wasu shakku, to, a lokacin da ta kammala karatun digiri, Galina ta san tabbas cewa tana son zama mawaƙa, don ci gaba da karatun kiɗan ta. A 1948 ta shiga cikin vocal sashen na Odessa Conservatory. AV Nezhdanova a cikin aji na Farfesa NA Urban, wanda ta sauke karatu tare da girmamawa a cikin shekaru biyar wajabta.

Amma Oleinichenko ta halarta a karon a kan sana'a mataki ya faru kadan a baya - baya a 1952, a matsayin dalibi, ta farko bayyana a kan mataki na Odessa Opera a matsayin Gilda, wanda ya zama jagora star na ta aiki. Duk da ƙananan shekarunta da rashin ƙwarewar sana'a, nan da nan Oleinichenko ya ɗauki matsayi na jagoran soloist a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo, yana yin dukan repertoire na lyric-coloratura soprano. Tabbas, ƙwararren ƙwararren mawaƙiyar mawaƙin ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin wannan - tana da kyakkyawar murya mai sassauƙa da haske mai haske, timbre mai launin azurfa, kuma tana ƙware a fasahar coloratura. Kyakkyawan dandano da kiɗa ya ba ta damar ƙware mafi yawan repertoire a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci. Yana da yanayi uku a kan mataki na Odessa Opera wanda ya ba da singer, ban da wani m tushe na vocal ilimi samu a Conservatory, da zama dole kwarewa a cikin m aiki, wanda ya ba ta damar zama master of grand style shekaru da yawa. , kamar yadda suke cewa, "bayan zato".

A 1955, da singer ya zama soloist tare da Kyiv Opera, inda ta yi aiki na biyu yanayi. Canje-canje zuwa na uku mafi mahimmancin wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo na USSR ya kasance na halitta, tun da, a gefe guda, ya nuna nasarar ci gaban aiki, kuma a daya hannun, yana da mahimmanci ga ci gaban sana'a na mawaƙa, saboda a nan ta sadu. tare da luminaries na Ukrainian opera na waɗanda shekaru, zo a cikin lamba tare da mataki da kuma vocal matakin mafi girma al'adu. A wancan lokacin, ƙungiyar matasa mawaƙa da ba a saba gani ba, daidai da rawar soprano mai launi, ta faɗo a kan matakin Kyiv. Bugu da ƙari, Oleinichenko, Elizaveta Chavdar da Bela Rudenko sun haskaka a cikin tawagar, Evgenia Miroshnichenko ya fara tafiya, kadan daga baya fiye da Lamar Chkonia. Tabbas, irin wannan abun da ke ciki mai haske ya ƙayyade repertoire - masu gudanarwa da masu gudanarwa da son rai sun shirya coloratura divas, yana yiwuwa a rera sassan a cikin operas waɗanda ba a yi sau da yawa ba. A gefe guda kuma, akwai kuma gasa mai wahala a gidan wasan kwaikwayo, sau da yawa ana samun tashin hankali a cikin dangantakar masu fasaha. Wataƙila, wannan kuma ya taka rawa a shawarar Oleinichenko don karɓar gayyatar daga Moscow bayan ɗan lokaci.

A zamanin pre-Moscow, da artist rayayye shiga cikin rera waka gasa, lashe take na laureate a uku gasa. Ta sami lambar zinare ta farko a 1953 a bikin Matasa da Dalibai na Duniya a Bucharest. Daga baya, a shekarar 1956, akwai nasara a All-Union Vocal Competition a Moscow, da kuma 1957 ya kawo matasa singer wani real nasara - zinariya lambar yabo da Grand Prix a International Vocal Competition a Toulouse. Nasarar da aka yi a Toulouse ta kasance mai daɗi da mahimmanci ga Oleinichenko, domin, ba kamar gasa a baya ba, inda ta shiga, gasar ce ta musamman ta duniya, wacce aka fi sani da babban matakin mahalarta da tsauraran alkalai na musamman.

Maganar nasara a Faransa ya tashi ba kawai zuwa ƙasarsa ta Ukraine ba - Oleinichenko, wanda ya dade yana kallo a Moscow a matsayin mawaƙa mai ban sha'awa, yana da sha'awar Bolshoi Theater. Kuma a cikin 1957, ta halarta a karon ya faru a nan: Galina Vasilyevna ya fara bayyana a kan mataki na babban gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Rasha a cikin ta fi so na Gilda, da kuma ta abokan da yamma sun kasance fitattu masters na Rasha vocals - Alexei Ivanov rera wani ɓangare na Rigoletto. , kuma Anatoly Orfenov ya rera Duke na Mantua. Wasan farko ya fi nasara. Orfenov ya tuna daga baya a kan wannan lokacin: "Na faru a cikin wannan wasan kwaikwayo na Duke, kuma tun lokacin na yaba Galina Vasilievna a matsayin mawaƙa mai ban mamaki kuma babban abokin tarayya. Babu shakka, Oleinichenko, bisa ga dukkan bayananta, ya sadu da manyan abubuwan da ake bukata na Bolshoi Theater.

A halarta a karon yi bai zama guda daya, wanda sau da yawa yakan faru ko da idan akwai nasara: akasin haka, Oleinichenko zama soloist na Bolshoi. Idan da singer ya zauna a Kyiv, watakila za a sami karin firaministan kasar a rayuwarta, da ta samu na gaba lakabi da kuma lambobin yabo da sauri, ciki har da babban take na People's Artist na Tarayyar Soviet, wanda bai taba faruwa ba, ko da yake ta kasance quite. cancanta da shi. Amma abokan hamayyarta Chavdar da Rudenko, wadanda suka ci gaba da rera waka a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Kyiv Opera, sun karbe ta kafin su kai shekaru talatin - irin wannan ita ce manufar jami'an al'adun Soviet dangane da gidajen wasan opera na kasa. Amma a gefe guda, Oleinichenko ya yi sa'a don yin aiki a cikin ɗayan mafi kyawun wasan kwaikwayo a duniya, kewaye da shahararrun mashahuran masana - kamar yadda ka sani, matakin opera troupe a cikin 60-70s ya kasance kamar yadda ya kasance. Fiye da sau daya, mawakiyar ta yi rangadi a kasashen waje tare da ’yan wasan kwaikwayo, inda ta samu damar nuna kwarewarta ga wani mai saurare na kasashen waje.

Galina Oleinichenko ya yi a kan mataki na Bolshoi Theatre kusan kwata na karni, ya yi wani gagarumin repertoire a wannan lokacin. Da farko, a kan mataki na Moscow, mai zane ya haskaka a cikin sassan lyric-coloratura na gargajiya, mafi kyawun abin da ake kira Violetta, Rosina, Suzanna, Snegurochka, Martha a cikin Bride Tsar, Tsarevna Swan, Volkhova, Antonida, Lyudmila. A cikin waɗannan matsayin, mawaƙin ya nuna ƙwarewar murya mara ƙa'ida, nagarta a cikin fasahar coloratura, da ƙirar matakin tunani. A lokaci guda, Oleinichenko bai taba guje wa kiɗa na zamani ba - wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo ya haɗa da ayyuka da yawa a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Soviet composers. Ko da a cikin shekaru na aiki a Odessa, ta yi a matsayin Nastya a cikin opera Dmitry Kabalevsky The Taras Family. Repertoire na zamani a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Bolshoi an cika shi da sabbin wasanni da yawa, daga cikinsu: farkon wasan operas The Tale of a Real Man by Sergei Prokofiev (bangaren Olga), Fate of a Man by Ivan Dzerzhinsky (Zinka) , da Oktoba na Vano Muradeli (Lena).

Kasancewa cikin wasan farko na wasan opera na opera Benjamin Britten, ba shakka, yana da mahimmanci musamman a cikin aikin wasan opera na zamani. Galina Oleinichenko ya zama dan wasan Rasha na farko na mafi wuya kuma mafi ban sha'awa na Sarauniyar elves Titania dangane da kayan murya. Wannan rawar ya fi cunkoso da kowane nau'i na dabaru na murya, a nan ana amfani da shi zuwa iyakar yiwuwar irin wannan muryar. Oleinichenko jimre da ayyuka tare da haske, da kuma image da ta halitta daidai ya zama daya daga cikin na tsakiya a cikin wasan kwaikwayo, wanda ya kawo tare da gaske star simintin na mahalarta - darektan Boris Pokrovsky, shugaba Gennady Rozhdestvensky, artist Nikolai Benois, mawaƙa Elena Obraztsova. Alexander Ognivtsev, Evgeny Kibkalo da sauransu.

Abin baƙin ciki, rabo bai ba Galina Oleinichenko fiye da irin wannan kyauta, ko da yake ta, ba shakka, yana da wasu ban sha'awa ayyuka da kuma ban mamaki wasanni. Mawakin ya mai da hankali sosai ga ayyukan kide-kide, ya zagaya kasa da kasashen waje sosai. tafiye-tafiyenta sun fara ne nan da nan bayan nasarar da aka samu a Toulouse, kuma a cikin kwata na karni na karshe an gudanar da kide-kide na Oleinichenko na solo a Ingila, Faransa, Girka, Belgium, Austria, Holland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, China, Romania, Poland, Jamus, da dai sauransu. tare da arias daga operas, wanda aka haɗa a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo, mawaƙin ya yi a kan wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo daga "Lucia di Lammermoor", "Mignon", "Manon" na Massenet, coloratura aria na Rossini, Delibes. Chamber classics suna wakilta da sunayen Glinka, Rimsky-Korsakov, Tchaikovsky, Rachmaninoff, Bach, Schubert, Liszt, Grieg, Gounod, Saint-Saens, Debussy, Gliere, Prokofiev, Kabalevsky, Khrennikov, Dunaevsky, Meitus. Oleinichenko sau da yawa yi Ukrainian jama'a songs daga concert mataki. Gidan aikin Galina Vasilievna yana da alaƙa da haɗin gwiwar Violin na Bolshoi Theatre a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Yuli Reentovich - ta yi ta wannan rukunin a cikin ƙasarmu da kuma ƙasashen waje.

Bayan barin Bolshoi Theatre, Galina Oleinichenko mayar da hankali a kan koyarwa. A yau ita farfesa ce a Kwalejin Kiɗa ta Rasha. Gnesins, a matsayin mai ba da shawara, yana haɗin gwiwa tare da shirin Sabon Suna.

Muna yi wa mawaƙa da malami mai ban mamaki fatan koshin lafiya da ƙarin nasarori masu ƙirƙira!

A. Matusevich, operanews.ru