Monophony |

monophony - daya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin gabatarwa a cikin kiɗa, wanda aka kwatanta da iyakancewar waƙa ɗaya. layi. A ƙarƙashin yanayin O., manufar kiɗa. samfur. gaba ɗaya yayi daidai da manufar waƙa. Ma'anar "O." suna da kusanci sosai, ta fuskoki da yawa kuma iri ɗaya ne. da monody; su ch. Bambancin shine kalmar "O." ya jaddada a maimakon rubutun gefen abin mamaki, da "monody" - tsarin tsarin.

O. - mafi sauki kuma saboda haka hanyar farko ta gabatar da muses. tunani. Bambancin Babban O. da yawan waƙa shine waƙar waƙa ɗaya. layin dole ne ya ƙunshi jimillar hanyoyin kiɗan. Amfanin O. - a cikin yiwuwar cikakken bayyanar da tunani ta hanyar waƙa ɗaya kawai. Bangaren juzu'i na ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun O. yana nuna rashin aiki. yana nufin aiki ne kawai don yarda da yawa. muryoyin, da kuma alaƙa da iyakancewar yanayin kiɗan. abun ciki. Gaskiya ne, ta hanyar abin da ake kira. boye polyphony ("boye polyphony") a cikin O., za ka iya cimma sakamakon polyphony. cikakken sauti (JS Bach, suites for cello solo), duk da haka, irin wannan tsinkayar polyphony akan layin monophonic koyaushe yana ba da ramuwa kaɗan kawai; ban da fasaha. an aro tasirin daga wasu kiɗan. sito, to-rum O. nan, haka, kwaikwayi. Farfesa Prof. al'ada tana nufin O. (a cikin ma'anarta) a cikin ƙananan nau'i ko don cimma launuka na musamman (waƙar Lyubasha "Ka ba shi da sauri, masoyi uwa" daga ranar 1st na "Amaryar Tsar", waƙar ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa a farkon farawa. rana ta 1 "Tristan da Isolde"). Muhimmanci na musamman O. a prof. kiɗan ƙasashen Gabas (ciki har da Soviet; misali shine Tajik Shashmakom - duba Poppy) da sauran waɗanda ba na Turai ba. al'adu inda O. ta ci gaban kai tsaye. ci gaban tsoffin al'adun gargajiya. O. ya zama ruwan dare a cikin tarihin dukan mutane. Kusa da O. da ke akwai nau'ikan ayyukan zamani. nau'ikan waƙa da raye-raye (duk da haka, a cikin bincike na ƙarshe, wannan har yanzu ba O. ba ne, amma polyphony, luwaɗi).

A tarihi, a cikin dukkan al'ummomi, O. ya zama mataki na farko a cikin ci gaban babban ƙwararren. al'adun kiɗa (a cikin kiɗan Yammacin Turai - waƙar Gregorian, kiɗan zamani na Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Zamani; Waƙar Znamenny na Rasha da sauran nau'ikan monody). Kamar yadda samuwar da yawa-manufa. O. siffofin da nau'ikan ana tura su zuwa bango kuma sun daina wanzuwa a matsayin masu zaman kansu. reshen karar. G. de Machaux shine na ƙarshe na sanannun mawaƙa waɗanda suka rubuta a cikin nau'in kai ɗaya. kiɗa (wasu "tsibirin" na O. ana samun su daga baya, misali, waƙoƙin G. Sachs). Farfadowar O., riga a kan sabon tushe, a cikin yanayin sake tunani na al'ada. hanyoyin manyan-kananan tsarin tonal, wanda aka gudanar a cikin kiɗa na karni na 20. (C. Debussy, "Syrinx" na sarewa solo, 1912; IF Stravinsky, guda uku don solo clarinet, 1919; T. Olah, Sonata don solo clarinet, 1963).

References: duba ƙarƙashin labarin Melody, Monodia.

Yu. N. Kholopov