Nikolai Yakovlevich Afanasiev |

Nicolai Afanasiev

Ya yi karatu music karkashin jagorancin mahaifinsa, violinist Yakov Ivanovich Afanasiev. A 1838-41 violinist na Bolshoi Theater Orchestra. A 1841-46 bandmaster na Serf gidan wasan kwaikwayo na mai gida II Shepelev a Vyksa. A 1851-58 violinist na Italiyanci Opera. A cikin 1853-83 ya kasance malami a Cibiyar Smolny (ajin piano). Tun 1846 ya ba da yawa kide kide (a 1857 - a Yammacin Turai).

Daya daga cikin mafi girma Rasha violinists, wakilin romantic makaranta. Marubucin da yawa ayyuka, daga cikinsu tsaye a waje da kirtani quartet "Volga" (1860, RMO Prize, 1861), dangane da ci gaban da songs na mutanen Volga yankin. Ƙarshen sa na kirtani da quintets misalai ne masu kima na kiɗan ɗakin Rasha a cikin lokacin da ya gabaci ɗakin ɗakin AP Borodin da PI Tchaikovsky.

A cikin aikinsa, Afanasiev ya yi amfani da kayan tarihi sosai (misali, Quartet na Yahudawa, Tunawa da Piano quintet na Italiya, Tatar yana rawa tare da mawaƙa daga opera Ammalat-Bek). Cantatasa "Bikin Bitrus Mai Girma" ya shahara ( Kyautar RMO, 1860).

Yawancin abubuwan da aka tsara na Afanasiev (4 operas, 6 symphonies, oratorio, 9 violin concertos, da sauransu) sun kasance a cikin rubutun (an adana su a cikin ɗakin karatu na Leningrad Conservatory).

Brother Afanasiev - Alexander Yakovlevich Afanasiev (1827 - mutuwa ba a sani ba) - dan wasan kwaikwayo da pianist. A 1851-71 ya yi aiki a cikin ƙungiyar makaɗa na Bolshoi (tun 1860 Mariinsky) Theatre a St. Petersburg. Ya halarci tafiye-tafiyen kide-kide na dan uwansa a matsayin mai rakiya.

Abubuwan da aka tsara:

operas – Ammalat-Bek (1870, Mariinsky Theatre, St. Petersburg), Stenka Razin, Vakula the Blacksmith, Taras Bulba, Kalevig; concert ga vlc. da Orc. (clavier, ed. 1949); jam'iyya-instr. ensembles - 4 quintets, 12 kirtani. kwarkwata; za fp. - sonata (Expanse), Sat. wasan kwaikwayo (Album, Duniyar Yara, da sauransu); za skr. kuma fp. – sonata A-dur (sake fitowa ta 1952), guda, gami da Pieces guda uku (sake fitowa ta 1950); suite don viol d'amour da piano; romances, 33 Slavic songs (1877), yara songs (14 littafin rubutu, buga a 1876); Ƙungiyoyin mawaƙa, ciki har da waƙoƙin mawaƙa 115 na yara da matasa (littattafan rubutu 8), wasanni na yara 50 tare da mawaƙa (cappella), waƙoƙin gargajiya na 64 na Rasha (an buga a 1875); fp. makaranta (1875); Ayyuka na yau da kullun don haɓaka tsarin na hannun dama da hagu don violin ɗaya.

Ayyukan adabi: Bayanan Bayani na N.Ya. Afanasiev, "Historical Bulletin", 1890, vols. 41, 42, Yuli, Agusta.

References: Ulybyshev A., dan wasan violin na Rasha N. Ya. Afanasiev, "Sev. kudan zuma, 1850, No 253; (C. Cui), Bayanan Kiɗa. "Volga", G. Afanasyev's quartet, "SPB Vedomosti", 1871, Nuwamba 19, No. 319; Z., Nikolai Yakovlevich Afanasiev. Obituary, “RMG”, 1898, No 7, shafi. 659-61; Yampolsky I., fasahar violin na Rasha, (vol.) 1, M.-L., 1951, ch. 17; Raaben L., Tarin kayan aiki a cikin kiɗan Rasha, M., 1961, p. 152-55, 221-24; Shelkov N., Nikolai Afanasiev (Sunan da aka manta), "MF", 1962, No 10.

IM Yampolsky