Martti Talvela (Martti Talvela) |

Martti Talvela ne adam wata

Kasar Finland ta bai wa duniya dimbin mawaka da mawaka, tun daga fitacciyar jarumar nan Aino Akte har tauraruwar Karita Mattila. Amma mawaƙin Finnish shine na farko da bass, al'adar waƙar Finnish daga Kim Borg an watsar da su daga tsara zuwa tsara tare da basses. A kan Bahar Rum "Tenors uku", Holland ya kafa masu ba da izini uku, Finland - bass uku: Matti Salminen, Jaakko Ryuhanen da Johan Tilly sun yi rikodin irin wannan diski tare. A cikin wannan jerin al'adar, Martti Talvela ita ce hanyar haɗin gwal.

Bass na gargajiya na Finnish a cikin bayyanar, nau'in murya, repertoire, yau, shekaru goma sha biyu bayan mutuwarsa, ya riga ya zama almara na opera Finnish.

An haifi Martti Olavi Talvela a ranar 4 ga Fabrairu, 1935 a Karelia, a Hiitol. Amma danginsa ba su zauna a can na dogon lokaci ba, saboda sakamakon "yakin hunturu" na 1939-1940, wannan bangare na Karelia ya zama yanki mai rufe kan iyakar Tarayyar Soviet. Mawakin bai sake ziyartar yankunansa ba, kodayake ya ziyarci Rasha fiye da sau ɗaya. A Moscow, an ji shi a cikin 1976, lokacin da ya yi a cikin wani shagali a bikin cika shekaru 200 na Bolshoi Theatre. Sa'an nan, a shekara daga baya, ya sake dawowa, ya rera waka a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na biyu sarakuna - Boris da Philip.

Aikin farko na Talvela malami ne. Bisa ga kaddara, ya sami takardar shaidar difloma a birnin Savonlinna, inda a nan gaba ya yi waka da yawa kuma na dogon lokaci ya jagoranci bikin opera mafi girma a Scandinavia. Aikin rera waka ya fara ne a shekarar 1960 tare da samun nasara a wata gasa a birnin Vasa. Bayan da ya fara halarta a shekarar a Stockholm a matsayin Sparafucile, Talvela ya yi waka a wurin na tsawon shekaru biyu a Royal Opera, yayin da ya ci gaba da karatunsa.

Aikin Martti Talvela na kasa da kasa ya fara da sauri - giant na Finnish nan da nan ya zama abin mamaki na duniya. A cikin 1962, ya yi a Bayreuth a matsayin Titurel - kuma Bayreuth ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan wuraren zama na bazara. A cikin 1963 ya kasance Grand Inquisitor a La Scala, a cikin 1965 ya zama Sarki Heinrich a Vienna Staatsoper, a cikin 19 yana Hunding a Salzburg, a cikin 7 ya kasance Babban Mai binciken a Gana. Daga yanzu, fiye da shekaru ashirin, manyan gidajen wasan kwaikwayonsa sune Deutsche Oper da Metropolitan Opera, kuma manyan sassan sune sarakunan Wagnerian Mark da Daland, na Verdi Philip da Fiesco, Mozart's Sarastro.

Talvela ya rera waƙa tare da dukan manyan masu gudanarwa na zamaninsa - tare da Karajan, Solti, Knappertsbusch, Levine, Abbado. Karl Böhm ya kamata a ware musamman - Talvela da gaske ana iya kiran shi mawaƙin Böhm. Ba wai kawai saboda bass na Finnish sau da yawa ya yi tare da Böhm kuma ya yi yawancin mafi kyawun wasan opera da rikodin oratori tare da shi: Fidelio tare da Gwyneth Jones, The Four Seasons tare da Gundula Janowitz, Don Giovanni tare da Fischer-Dieskau, Birgit Nilsson da Martina Arroyo, Rhine Gold , Tristan und Isolde tare da Birgit Nilsson, Wolfgang Windgassen da Christa Ludwig. Mawakan biyu suna kusa da juna sosai a cikin salon wasan kwaikwayonsu, nau'in furci, daidai da haɗuwa da kuzari da kamewa, wani nau'in sha'awar dabi'ar gargajiya, don wasan kwaikwayon wasan kwaikwayo mara kyau, wanda kowannensu ya gina da kansa. ƙasa.

Nasarar ƙasashen waje na Talvela sun amsa a gida tare da wani abu fiye da makauniyar girmamawa ga ƙwararren ɗan ƙasar. Ga Finland, shekarun ayyukan Talvela shekarun ne na “wasan opera”. Wannan ba kawai ci gaban sauraro da kallon jama'a ba ne, haihuwar kananan kamfanoni masu zaman kansu a birane da garuruwa da yawa, bunkasar makarantar murya, karon farko na dukkanin tsararrakin opera. Wannan kuma shine yawan aiki na mawaƙa, wanda ya riga ya zama sananne, bayyananne. A shekara ta 2000, a cikin ƙasa mai mutane miliyan 5, 16 na farko na sababbin operas sun faru - abin al'ajabi da ke tayar da hassada. A cikin gaskiyar abin da ya faru, Martti Talvela ya taka muhimmiyar rawa - ta misalinsa, shahararsa, manufarsa mai hikima a Savonlinna.

Bikin opera na rani a sansanin Olavinlinna mai shekaru 500, wanda ke kewaye da garin Savonlinna, Aino Akte ya fara a cikin 1907. Tun daga wannan lokacin, an katse shi, sa'an nan kuma ya ci gaba, yana fama da ruwan sama, iska (babu wani rufin da aka dogara a kan farfajiyar kagara inda ake gudanar da wasan kwaikwayo har zuwa lokacin rani na karshe) da matsalolin kudi marasa iyaka - ba shi da sauƙi don tara manyan masu sauraron opera. tsakanin dazuzzuka da tabkuna. Talvela ya dauki nauyin bikin a cikin 1972 kuma ya jagoranci shi tsawon shekaru takwas. Wannan lokaci ne mai yanke hukunci; Savonlinna ita ce opera mecca na Scandinavia tun daga lokacin. Talvela ya yi aiki a nan a matsayin marubucin wasan kwaikwayo, ya ba bikin girma na duniya, ya haɗa shi a cikin mahallin opera na duniya. Sakamakon wannan manufar shine shaharar wasan kwaikwayo a cikin kagara mai nisa fiye da iyakokin Finland, kwararar masu yawon bude ido, wanda a yau ya tabbatar da zaman lafiyar bikin.

A cikin Savonlinna, Talvela ya rera waƙa da yawa daga cikin mafi kyawun aikinsa: Boris Godunov, annabi Paavo a cikin Jarabawar Ƙarshe na Jonas Kokkonen. Kuma wani wurin hutawa rawar: Sarastro. Samar da The Magic sarewa, wanda aka shirya a Savonlinna a cikin 1973 ta darekta August Everding da jagoran Ulf Söderblom, tun daga lokacin ya zama ɗaya daga cikin alamomin bikin. A cikin repertoire na yau, sarewa ita ce mafi kyawun aikin da har yanzu ake sake farfado da ita (duk da cewa samar da kayan aikin da ba kasafai ba ke rayuwa a nan sama da shekaru biyu ko uku). Babban Talvela-Sarastro a cikin rigar orange, tare da rana a kirjinsa, yanzu ana ganinsa a matsayin babban sarki na Savonlinna, kuma yana da shekaru 38 (ya fara rera Titurel a 27)! A cikin shekaru, da ra'ayin Talvel da aka kafa a matsayin monumental, m block, kamar dai alaka da ganuwar da hasumiya na Olavinlinna. Tunanin karya ne. An yi sa'a, akwai bidiyo na ƙwararren mai fasaha da kuzari tare da babban, halayen nan take. Kuma akwai rikodin sauti da ke ba da hoton mawaƙa na gaskiya, musamman a cikin repertoire na ɗakin - Martti Talvela ya rera waƙoƙin ɗakin ɗakin ba daga lokaci zuwa lokaci ba, tsakanin ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo, amma a koyaushe, yana ci gaba da ba da kide-kide a duk faɗin duniya. Ayyukansa sun haɗa da waƙoƙin Sibelius, Brahms, Wolf, Mussorgsky, Rachmaninoff. Kuma ta yaya kuka yi waƙa don cin nasara a Vienna tare da waƙoƙin Schubert a tsakiyar 1960s? Wataƙila hanyar da daga baya ya yi rikodin Tafiya ta Winter tare da ɗan wasan pian Ralph Gotoni (1983). Talvela yana nuna a nan sassaucin kuren na innation, hankali mai ban mamaki da saurin amsawa ga mafi ƙanƙanta na rubutun kiɗan. Da kuma makamashi mai yawa. Sauraron wannan rikodin, kuna ji a jiki yadda yake jagorantar mai wasan piano. Ƙaddamar da ke bayansa, karatu, rubutu, tsari da wasan kwaikwayo daga gare shi suke, kuma a cikin kowane rubutu na wannan fassarar waƙa mai ban sha'awa za a iya jin hikimar hikimar da ta bambanta Talvela.

Daya daga cikin mafi kyaun hotuna na singer nasa ne abokinsa da abokin aiki Evgeny Nestrenko. Da zarar Nesterenko ya ziyarci bass Finnish a gidansa a Inkilyanhovi. A can, a bakin tafkin, akwai "bathhouse bathhouse", wanda aka gina kimanin shekaru 150 da suka wuce: "Mun yi wanka na tururi, sannan kuma ta hanyar dabi'a mun shiga tattaunawa. Muna zaune a kan duwatsu, maza biyu tsirara. Kuma muna magana. Game da me? Babban abu ke nan! Martti yayi tambaya, alal misali, yadda na fassara Symphony na Sha huɗu na Shostakovich. Kuma ga Mussorgsky na Waƙoƙi da raye-rayen Mutuwa: kuna da rikodin biyu - na farko da kuka yi ta wannan hanyar, na biyu kuma ta wata hanya. Me ya sa, me ya bayyana shi. Da sauransu. Na furta cewa a rayuwata ban sami damar yin magana game da fasaha da mawaƙa ba. Muna magana game da wani abu, amma ba game da matsalolin fasaha ba. Amma tare da Martti mun yi magana da yawa game da fasaha! Bugu da ƙari, ba muna magana ne game da yadda ake yin wani abu ta hanyar fasaha ba, mafi kyau ko mafi muni, amma game da abun ciki. Haka muka dauki lokaci bayan mun yi wanka.”

Wataƙila wannan shine mafi kyawun kama hoto - tattaunawa game da wasan kwaikwayo na Shostakovich a cikin wanka na Finnish. Domin Martti Talvela, tare da mafi fa'idar hangen nesa da al'adunsa, a cikin waƙarsa, ya haɗu da ƙwarewar Jamusanci na gabatar da rubutu tare da cantilena na Italiyanci, ya kasance ɗan ɗanɗano mai ban mamaki a cikin duniyar opera. An yi amfani da wannan hoton da kyau a cikin "Sace daga Seraglio" wanda Augusta Everding ya jagoranta, inda Talvela ke rera Osmina. Menene hadin kai tsakanin Turkiyya da Karelia? M. Akwai wani abu na farko, mai ƙarfi, danye kuma mai ban tsoro game da Osmin Talvely, yanayin sa tare da Blondchen babban zane ne.

Wannan tsattsauran ra'ayi ga Yammacin duniya, hoton dabbanci, da ke tare da mawakin, bai ɓace ba tsawon shekaru. Akasin haka, ya tsaya a fili kuma a fili, kuma kusa da Wagnerian, Mozartian, Verdian matsayin, an ƙarfafa aikin "bass na Rasha". A cikin 1960s ko 1970s, ana iya jin Talvela a Metropolitan Opera a kusan kowane repertoire: wani lokacin shi ne Babban Inquisitor a Don Carlos a ƙarƙashin sandar Abbado ( Nikolai Gyaurov ne ya rera Philippa, kuma an san bass duet gabaɗaya a matsayin ɗan wasa. classic) , sannan shi, tare da Teresa Stratas da Nikolai Gedda, sun bayyana a cikin The Bartered Bride wanda Levine ya jagoranta. Amma a cikin yanayi hudu na karshe Talvela ya zo New York don lakabi uku kawai: Khovanshchina (tare da Neeme Jarvi), Parsifal (tare da Levine), Khovanshchina kuma Boris Godunov (tare da Conlon). Dositheus, Titurel da Boris. Fiye da shekaru ashirin na haɗin gwiwa tare da "Met" ya ƙare tare da jam'iyyun Rasha guda biyu.

Disamba 16, 1974 Talvela nasara rera waka Boris Godunov a Metropolitan Opera. Gidan wasan kwaikwayo ya juya zuwa ga asalin ƙungiyar Mussorgsky a karon farko (Thomas Schippers da aka gudanar). Shekaru biyu bayan haka, an fara rubuta wannan bugu a Katowice, wanda Jerzy Semkow ya jagoranta. Kewaye da ƙungiyar Poland, Martti Talvela ya rera Boris, Nikolai Gedda ya rera Pretender.

Wannan shigarwar tana da ban sha'awa sosai. Sun riga sun sake komawa ga sigar marubucin ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba, amma har yanzu suna raira waƙa da wasa kamar dai hannun Rimsky-Korsakov ya rubuta maki. Ƙungiyoyin mawaƙa da ƙungiyar mawaƙa suna sauti mai kyau da aka haɗe, cike da cikawa, cikakke sosai, cantilena yana rera waƙa, kuma Semkov sau da yawa, musamman a cikin al'amuran Yaren mutanen Poland, yana jan komai kuma yana jan lokaci. Ilimin "Tsakiya na Turai" jin daɗin rayuwa ba wani abu bane illa Martti Talvela. Yana sake gina sashinsa, kamar marubucin wasan kwaikwayo. A cikin wurin nadin sarauta, bass na sarauta yana sauti - zurfi, duhu, ƙarami. Kuma kaɗan na "launi na ƙasa": ɗan ƙaramin ƙaranci, a cikin kalmar "Kuma akwai don kiran mutane zuwa liyafa" - ƙarfin hali. Amma sai Talvela ya rabu da sarauta da jajircewa cikin sauƙi ba tare da nadama ba. Da zaran Boris ya fuskanci fuska da Shuisky, yanayin ya canza sosai. Wannan ba ma "magana" na Chaliapin ba ne, waƙar ban mamaki Talvela - maimakon Sprechgesang. Nan da nan Talvela ya fara wurin tare da Shuisky tare da mafi girman ƙarfin ƙarfi, ba don na biyu yana raunana zafi ba. Me zai faru a gaba? Bugu da ari, lokacin da chimes ya fara wasa, cikakken phantasmagoria a cikin ruhun furci zai fara, kuma Jerzy Semkov, wanda ya canza ba tare da saninsa ba a cikin al'amuran tare da Talvela-Boris, zai ba mu irin wannan Mussorgsky kamar yadda muka sani a yau - ba tare da ɗan taɓawa ba. matsakaicin ilimi.

A kusa da wannan yanayin akwai wani yanayi a cikin ɗakin tare da Xenia da Theodore, da kuma yanayin mutuwa (sake tare da Theodore), wanda Talvela ya haɗu da juna tare da katako na muryarsa, wannan zafi na musamman, sirrin wanda ya mallaka. Ta hanyar haɗa kai da juna biyu al'amuran Boris tare da yara, yana da alama ya ba wa sarkin halaye na kansa. Kuma a ƙarshe, ya yi hadaya da kyau da cikar na sama "E" (wanda ya kasance mai girma, a lokaci guda haske da cikakke) saboda gaskiyar hoton ... Kuma ta hanyar jawabin Boris, a'a, a'a, Ee, “labarun” Wagner sun faɗo - wanda ba da gangan ya tuna cewa Mussorgsky ya buga wasan da Wotan yayi bankwana da Brunnhilde.

Daga cikin bassists na yammacin yau waɗanda ke rera waƙa da Mussorgsky da yawa, Robert Hall yana iya zama kusa da Talvela: sha'awar iri ɗaya, niyya iri ɗaya, mai zurfi cikin kowace kalma, irin ƙarfin da mawaƙan biyu ke neman ma'ana da daidaita lafazin rhetorical. Hankalin Talvela ya tilasta masa bincika kowane dalla-dalla na rawar ta nazari.

Lokacin da bass na Rasha har yanzu ba a cika yin su ba a Yamma, Martti Talvela ya yi kama da maye gurbin su a cikin sa hannun sa na Rasha. Yana da bayanai na musamman don wannan - girma mai girma, ginawa mai ƙarfi, babbar murya, murya mai duhu. Fassarorinsa sun shaida yadda ya shiga cikin sirrin Chaliapin - Yevgeny Nesterenko ya riga ya gaya mana yadda Martti Talvela ya iya sauraron rikodin na abokan aikinsa. Mutumin da ke da al'adun Turai kuma mawaƙi wanda ya ƙware da fasaha ta duniya ta Turai, Talvela na iya haɗawa da burinmu na bass na Rasha mai kyau a cikin wani abu mafi kyau, mafi kamala fiye da ƴan uwanmu za su iya yi. Kuma bayan haka, an haife shi ne a Karelia, a yankin tsohuwar daular Rasha da kuma Tarayyar Rasha ta yanzu, a cikin wannan ɗan gajeren tarihin lokacin da wannan ƙasa ta Finnish.

Anna Bulycheva, Babban Mujallar Bolshoi Theatre, No. 2, 2001