Vasily Polikarpovich Titov |

Vasily Titov

Kiɗa… yana ƙawata kalmomin Allah da jin daɗin jituwa, yana faranta zuciya, yana kawo farin ciki ga rai da waƙa mai tsarki. Ioanniky Korenev Biyan "Music", 1671

Juyin juyayi a cikin fasahar gida na karni na 1678, wanda ke nuna zuwan Sabon Age, kuma ya shafi kiɗa: a cikin rabi na biyu na karni, sunayen mawaƙa - mashawartan rubutun sassan ya zama sananne a Rasha. Salon sassan - masu launuka iri-iri, waƙar waƙar waƙar muryoyi da yawa - ita ce ta buɗe fage ga samuwar marubucin. Daga cikin sunayen mawakan da tarihi ya kawo mana tun daga karni na 1686. tare da Nikolai Diletsky Vasily Titov ya bambanta da sikelin basira da haihuwa. An ambaci sunan Titov na farko a cikin 1687 lokacin da aka jera mawakan sarki. Yin la'akari da bayanan archival, mawaƙa nan da nan ya mallaki babban matsayi a cikin mawaƙa - a fili, godiya ba kawai ga murya ba, har ma don tsara basira. A cikin XNUMX ko XNUMX Titov ya haɗa kiɗa don Psalter na Poetry na Simeon Polotsky. Mawaƙin ya gabatar da kwafin wannan rubutun tare da sadaukarwa ga mai mulki, Gimbiya Sophia:

Sabuwar Psalter An Rubuta don ɗaukakar Allah: Sabuntawa ga bayanin kula, Ba mata Gimbiya Hikima, Daga Vasily shugaban mawaƙa, Titov, bawansu mai tawali'u…

Har zuwa 1698, Titov ya ci gaba da zama magatakarda na rera waƙa, sa'an nan ya kasance mai dubawa a cikin Babban Birnin Moscow kuma, tabbas, yana kula da makarantar rera waƙa. Wani takarda na shekara ta 1704 ya ba mu damar ɗaukan hakan, wanda ya ce: “Suna yi wa mawaƙa da aka ƙwace daga Titov fashi, suna umurtar mawaƙa su koyar da gaboes da sauran kayan kida, da ƙwazo, kuma suna ba da umurni ga wani wanda zai kula da su. su a hankali." A fili, muna magana ne game da horar da matasa mawaƙa. Manuscript na juya na XVII-XVIII ƙarni. Har ila yau, ya kira Titov "maigidan sarki a Mai Ceto a Nova" (watau a daya daga cikin manyan majami'u na Kremlin na Moscow) "maladi a saman." Babu wani bayanan gaskiya game da ƙarin makomar mawaƙin. An sani kawai cewa Titov ya rubuta wani festive choral concert don girmama Poltava nasara a kan Swedes (1709). Wasu masu bincike, bin masanin tarihin kiɗa N. Findeisen, sun danganta ranar mutuwar Titov mai yiwuwa zuwa 1715.

Babban aikin Titov ya ƙunshi nau'ikan waƙoƙi daban-daban na waƙa. Dogaro da kwarewar tsofaffin tsararrun masanan rubuce-rubuce - Diletsky, Davidovich, S. Pekalitsky - Titov yana ba da mawakan mawaƙan ƙawancin baroque da juiciness. Waƙarsa tana samun karɓuwa sosai. Ana iya yin la'akari da wannan ta hanyar lissafin ayyukan Titov masu yawa, waɗanda aka adana a cikin ɗakunan ajiya da yawa.

Mawaƙin ya ƙirƙiri manyan ayyuka sama da 200, waɗanda suka haɗa da irin waɗannan zagayowar manyan ayyuka kamar sabis (liturgies), Dogmatics, Uwar Allah Lahadi, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo da yawa (kimanin 100). Yana da wuya a tabbatar da ainihin adadin abubuwan da Titov ya yi, tun a cikin rubutun kiɗa na 12-16th ƙarni. sau da yawa ba a ba da sunan marubucin ba. Mawaƙin ya yi amfani da nau'i-nau'i daban-daban na wasan kwaikwayo: daga ƙananan sassa uku na nau'in Kantian a cikin "Poetic Psalter" zuwa mawaƙa na polyphonic, ciki har da 24, XNUMX har ma da XNUMX muryoyin. Da yake kasancewa gogaggen mawaƙa, Titov ya fahimci sirrin bayyananniyar magana, mai wadatar nuances na sautin choral. Ko da yake babu wani kayan aiki da ke cikin ayyukansa, ƙwararrun yin amfani da damar yin amfani da mawaƙa yana haifar da palette mai ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano da yawa. Haskar rubuce-rubucen mawaƙa musamman halayyar ƙungiyoyin kide-kide da wake-wake ne, waɗanda ƙaƙƙarfan kiraye-kirayen ƙungiyar mawaƙa ke gogayya tare da fayyace gungu na muryoyi daban-daban, ana kwatanta nau'ikan nau'ikan sautin polyphony yadda ya kamata, kuma ana samun bambance-bambancen yanayi da girma. Yin amfani da matani na yanayin addini, mawaƙin ya sami nasarar shawo kan iyakokinsu kuma ya haifar da kida na gaskiya da cikakken jini, magana ga mutum. Misalin wannan shine kide kide kide kide kide kide kide kide kide kide kide "Rtsy Us Now", wanda a cikin misalan sigar daukaka nasarar da Rasha makamai a yakin Poltava. Cike da ma'anar biki mai haske, da ƙware wajen isar da yanayin murnar jama'a, wannan wasan kide-kide ya ɗauki martanin kai tsaye da mawakin ya yi game da muhimmin lamari na lokacinsa. Rayayyun motsin rai da ɗumi mai daɗi na kiɗan Titov suna riƙe da tasirin tasirin su akan mai sauraro har yau.

N. Zabolotnaya