Marian Anderson |

Marian Anderson ya

Sabanin Ba-Amurke Ba-Amurke Marian Anderson yana sha'awar abubuwa da dama na musamman. A cikinsa, tare da ƙwararren ƙwaƙƙwaran murya da ƙwaƙƙwaran kida, akwai cikakkiyar ɗaukaka ta ciki, shigar ciki, mafi kyawun innation da wadatar katako. Nisantawarsa daga hargitsin duniya da rashin cikakkiyar sha'awa yana haifar da tunanin wani nau'in alherin Allah 'yana fita'. 'Yancin ciki da dabi'ar cire sauti suma suna da ban mamaki. Ko kuna sauraron wasan kwaikwayon Anderson na Bach da Handel ko Negro ruhaniya, yanayin tunani na sihiri ya tashi nan da nan, wanda ba shi da kwatankwacin…

An haifi Marian Anderson a daya daga cikin yankuna masu launi na Philadelphia, ta rasa mahaifinta yana da shekaru 12, kuma mahaifiyarta ta girma. Tun tana ƙarama, ta nuna iya waƙa. Yarinyar ta rera waka a cikin mawakan coci na daya daga cikin majami'un Baptist a Philadelphia. Anderson yayi magana dalla-dalla game da rayuwarsa mai wuya da kuma rera 'jami'o'i a cikin littafin tarihin kansa 'Ubangiji, menene safiya' (1956, New York), guntuwar da aka buga a 1965 a cikin ƙasarmu (Sat. 'Performing Arts of Foreign Countries) M., 1962).

Bayan karatu tare da sanannen malamin Giuseppe Bogetti (J. Pierce a cikin ɗalibansa), sannan kuma a cikin ɗakin studio na murya na F. La Forge (wanda ya horar da M. Talley, L. Tibbett da sauran mashahuran mawaƙa), Anderson ya fara halarta a karon farko a cikin ɗakin karatu na F. La Forge. wasan kide kide a 1925, duk da haka, ba tare da nasara da yawa. Bayan lashe gasar rera waka da kungiyar Philharmonic ta New York ta shirya, kungiyar mawakan Negro ta kasa ta baiwa matashiyar mawakiyar damar ci gaba da karatunta a Ingila, inda shahararren madugu Henry Wood ya lura da baiwarta. A 1929, Anderson ya fara halarta a Carnegie Hall. Duk da haka, wariyar launin fata ta hana mawakin samun amincewar manyan Amurkawa a duniya. Ta sake fita zuwa Tsohuwar Duniya. A cikin 1930, yawon shakatawa na Turai mai nasara ya fara a Berlin. Marian ya ci gaba da inganta kwarewarsa, yana daukar darussa da dama daga shahararren mawakiyar Mahler Madame Charles Caille. A 1935, Anderson ya ba da kide kide a Salzburg Festival. A nan ne fasaharta ta burge Toscanini. A cikin 1934-35. ta ziyarci USSR.

A 1935, a yunƙurin na Arthur Rubinstein, wani gagarumin taro tsakanin Marian Anderson da babban Impresario, wani ɗan ƙasar Rasha, Saul Yurok (ainihin sunan ɗan asalin Bryansk yankin Sulemanu Gurkov) faruwa a birnin Paris. Ya yi nasarar yin rami a cikin tunanin Amurkawa, ta yin amfani da tunawa da Lincoln don wannan. A ranar 9 ga Afrilu, 1939, mutane 75 a matakan marmara na Tuna da Mutuwar Yesu sun saurari rera waƙa na babban mawaƙi, wanda tun daga lokacin ya zama alamar gwagwarmayar daidaita launin fata. Tun daga wannan lokacin, shugabannin Amurka Roosevelt, Eisenhower, da kuma Kennedy sun sami karramawa don karbar bakuncin Marian Anderson. A m concert aiki na artist, wanda repertoire hada da vocal-instrumental da kuma daki ayyukan Bach, Handel, Beethoven, Schubert, Schumann, Mahler, Sibelius, ayyukan Gershwin da yawa wasu, ya ƙare a Afrilu 000, 18 a Carnegie Hall. Babban mawaƙin ya mutu a Afrilu 1965, 8 a Portland.

Sau ɗaya kawai a cikin dukan aikinta wani fitaccen Negro diva ya juya zuwa nau'in opera. A shekara ta 1955, ta zama bakar fata ta farko da ta yi wasa a Opera na Metropolitan. Wannan ya faru ne a cikin shekarun shugabancin shahararren Rudolf Bing. Ga yadda ya bayyana wannan muhimmiyar hujja:

'Bayyanar Misis Anderson - bakar fata ta farko a tarihin gidan wasan kwaikwayo, mai yin manyan jam'iyyun, a kan dandalin 'Metropolitan' - wannan yana daya daga cikin lokutan da nake cikin wasan kwaikwayo, wanda na fi alfahari da shi. . Ina so in yi haka tun shekara ta farko a Met, amma ba sai 1954 ba ne muke da sashin da ya dace - Ulrika in Un ballo in maschera - yana buƙatar ƙaramin aiki kuma don haka ƴan maimaitawa, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga mai fasaha. . , wani shagalin shagali ne mai matuƙar aiki, kuma ga wannan ɓangaren ba shi da mahimmanci cewa muryar mawaƙin ba ta kasance a cikin sahun farko ba.

Kuma tare da wannan gayyata ta yiwu ne kawai saboda samun sa'a: a daya daga cikin liyafar da Saul Yurok ya shirya don wasan ballet 'Sadler's Wells', na zauna kusa da ita. Nan da nan muka tattauna batun aurenta, kuma an shirya komai cikin ƴan kwanaki. Kwamitin Amintattu na Opera Metropolitan Opera ba ya cikin kungiyoyi da yawa da suka aika da taya murna lokacin da labarin ya fito…'. Ranar 9 ga Oktoba, 1954, New York Times ta sanar da masu karatu game da sanya hannu kan kwangilar wasan kwaikwayo tare da Anderson.

Kuma a ranar 7 ga Janairu, 1955, an fara baje kolin tarihi na babban diva na Amurka a babban gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka. Fitattun mawakan opera da dama sun shiga cikin wasan farko: Richard Tucker (Richard), Zinka Milanova (Amelia), Leonard Warren (Renato), Roberta Peters (Oscar). Bayan tsayawar madugu yana daya daga cikin manyan madugu na karni na 20, Dimitrios Mitropoulos.

E. Tsodokov