Pan sarewa: kayan aiki abun da ke ciki, asalin labarin, labari, iri, yadda ake wasa

Ƙwaƙwalwar sarewa ko sarewa kayan kida ne da aka saba yi da itace. Zane-zane na zamani wani lokaci ana yin su da bamboo, ƙarfe, filastik, gilashi. Ya ƙunshi bututu masu ɗaure masu tsayi daban-daban. Timbre, farar sarewa ya dogara da adadin su. Akwai panflutes tare da adadin tubes daga 3 zuwa 29.

Tarihin asali

Mafi tsohon nau'in sarewa shine busa. Wannan kayan kida mafi sauƙi da aka yi a gida kowa ya yi amfani da shi: duka samari suna busawa cikin kowane irin abu, da makiyayan suna ba da umarni ga karnuka. Suna jin daɗin jin daɗinsu, sun tsara waƙoƙin farko. Sannu a hankali, an gyaggyara buguwa, an gyaggyara kuma har yau ya kasance sanannen kayan kida na gargajiya.

An samo samfurori na panflutes (2-bututu da ƙari) a lokacin tono a cikin tsohuwar Girka da Masar ta dā. Samfuran da aka samo sun koma kusan 5000 BC. Dukansu tsoffin wayewa suna jayayya da yancin a kira su masu gano sarewa, amma ainihin sunan “burin Pan” an san shi ne daga tatsuniyoyi na tsohuwar Helenawa, waɗanda suka zo zamaninmu tare da kaɗe-kaɗe masu ban mamaki.

Tsohuwar labari

Labarin ban mamaki game da Pan da sarewa ya ba da labarin bayyanar kayan kida. Wannan labarin yana da ɗaruruwan shekaru, amma bayan an ji shi, babu wanda ya rage.

A zamanin da, majiɓincin yanayi, makiyaya da makiyaya, allahn Pan ya kula da jin daɗin wadata na duniya da aka danƙa masa. Pan ya kasance mai masaukin baki mai kyau: komai ya yi fure, mai albarka, kasuwanci yana jayayya. Matsala ɗaya - Allah ya kasance mummuna da kansa. Amma saurayin bai damu da wannan ba, yana da fara'a, mai fa'ida. Wannan ya ci gaba har sai da saurayin, don dariya, ya buge shi da kibiya daga allahn ƙauna, Eros. A wannan rana, Pan ya sadu da wani nymph mai suna Syrinx a cikin daji kuma ya rasa kansa. Amma kyan gani a gabanta wani dodon gemu mai kaho mai kofato kamar na akuya, sai ta tsorata ta ruga da gudu. Kogin ya toshe mata hanya, kuma Pan ya yi farin ciki: yana gab da cim ma wanda ya gudu, amma maimakon nymph, wani gungu na redu ya kasance a hannunta. Bakin ciki ya dade yana tsaye saman ruwan, bai fahimci inda yarinyar ta nufa ba, sai ya ji wata waƙa. Ta kara da muryar Syrinx. Abin sha'awar Allah ya fahimci cewa kogin ya mayar da ita kututturewa, ya yanke rassa da yawa, ya daure ya yi sarewa mai sauti kamar muryar ƙaunatacciyar ƙauna.

Na'urar Panflute

Kayan aiki yana ƙunshe da ƙananan bututu masu tsayi daban-daban. A gefe guda suna rufe. Kowace sarewa ana daidaitawa daban-daban: an daidaita tsawon bututu ta amfani da filogi a ɗayan ƙarshen. Masanan zamani suna amfani da kakin zuma don wannan dalili. Har ila yau, akwai matosai da aka yi da roba, itacen kwalaba - a irin waɗannan lokuta, ana iya canza sautin bayanin kula sau da yawa. Amma Indiyawan Kudancin Amirka sun yi sauƙi: sun rufe ramukan da hatsin masara ko duwatsu.

Kamar muryar ɗan adam, panflutes sun bambanta a cikin timbre:

• soprano;
• babba;
• tenor;
• contrabas;
• ninki biyu

Daya daga cikin ƴan gazawar sarewa ana kiransa iyakacin sauti. Wasu sarewa suna wasa a cikin octave uku, wasu suna yin sauti 15. Ya dogara da adadin bututu da fasaha na mawaƙa.

Nau'in kayan aiki

Giwa ta Pan ya zama abin koyi don kera wasu nau'ikan kayan aiki iri ɗaya. Sun bambanta da nau'in haɗin bututu:

Bututun da aka ɗaure:

• nai - Moldavian da Romanian sarewa da yawa;
• samponya - kayan aiki na mazaunan tsakiyar Andes tare da 1 ko 2 layuka na bututu;
• sarewa - ana amfani da wannan sunan a cikin Ukraine;
• siku - sarewa na Indiyawan da ke zaune a Kudancin Amirka;
• larchemi, soinari - Western Jojiya sare sarewa na makiyaya.

Panflutes tare da bututu marasa haɗin gwiwa:

• kuima chipsan - kayan aikin Komi-Permyaks da Komi-Zyryans;
• skuduchay - Lithuanian iri-iri;
• kugikly kayan aikin Rasha ne.

Panflute na kowace ƙasa yana da tsayi daban-daban, adadin bututu, hanyar ɗaurewa, da kayan aikin samarwa.

Yadda ake yin panflute na kanku

Abun da ke ciki, wanda shine saitin bututu, yana da sauƙin yin. Dukkanin tsari yana faruwa a matakai da yawa:

1. A watan Oktoba, suna tattara kayan - reeds ko reeds. Suna yanke shi da wuka, suna kare hannayensu da safar hannu: ganyen redi suna son yankewa. A bakin gaɓa suna share matattun itace.
2. Ana yin bushewa mai inganci a cikin yanayin yanayi (ba tare da na'urar bushewa ba kuma ba akan baturi) na kwanaki 5-10.
3. Reed yana a hankali saws a gwiwoyi.
4. Akwai sassan membrane tsakanin gwiwoyi - an cire su da wuka na bakin ciki ko ƙusa.
5. Tare da madaidaicin sanda na ƙaramin diamita, an 'yantar da rami daga ɓangaren litattafan almara.
6. An yi bututun farko mafi tsayi. Bayan shi, sauran suna alama, rage kowanne da nisa na babban yatsa.
7. Bayan haka, a niƙa kowane bututu don ya zama daidai. A wannan mataki, za ku iya rigaya gwada kowane don sauti: daga ƙasa, rufe rami da yatsa, busa daga sama.
8. Ana haɗa bututun. Hanyar jama'a: kowane nau'i yana ɗaure daban, sa'an nan kuma duk abin da aka ɗaure tare da zaren, sa'an nan kuma a gefe tare da rabi na tubes, raba tare. Kuna iya amfani da walda mai sanyi ko bindiga mai zafi, amma wannan yana rage ingancin sauti.
9. An rufe ramukan ƙasa da filastik.

Yadda ake koyon wasa

Don ƙware da kayan aikin, kuna buƙatar fahimtar ƙayyadaddun Play ɗin. Panflute ya haɗu da kaddarorin harmonica da gabobin jiki. Don yin sauti, ya zama dole cewa rafin iska da aka hura cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙarshen bututu ya fara girgiza. Ƙararren sautin ya dogara da tsawon bututu: mafi guntu bututu, mafi girma sauti. Lokacin wasa, suna busa da diaphragm: sautin sautin ya dogara da ƙarfin da aka yi amfani da shi.

Koyon yin sarewar Pan dogon aiki ne mai wahala. Amma don yin wasa a matakin mai son, ya isa a yi amfani da dabara mai sauƙi:

1. Wajibi ne a sanya jiki daidai - don tsayawa ko zama tare da lebur, amma annashuwa baya.
2. Ana ɗaukar dogon gefen da hannun dama. Kayan aikin yana layi daya da jiki, yana karkata daga mai kunnawa.
3. Hannun suna annashuwa don motsawa cikin sauƙi zuwa bututun ƙasa.
4. Masu kida suna da kalmar "kunne kunnuwa" - matsayi na lebe. Yi ɗan murmushi. A dan raba lebe, busa kamar kwalba. A lokacin babban bayanin kula, ana matse lebe sosai, kuma ana ɗaukar ƙananan bayanan kula tare da annashuwa na lebe.

Mawaƙa suna bayyana wasu sirrin, ƙware waɗanda, zaku iya ba waƙar ƙarin ingantaccen sauti. Misali, don ba da katako, ana yin motsi da harshe, kamar lokacin da ake furta baƙaƙen “d”, “t”.

Don ƙwararrun ƙwararrun waƙa, suna ƙididdige bututu, suna nemo zane-zane na musamman waɗanda ƙwararrun ’yan sarewa suka haɗa, kuma suna koyi: “Maryamu Tana da Ɗan Rago”, tana buga bututu masu lamba: 3, 2, 1, 2, 3, 3, 3 , 2, 2, 2, 3, 5, 5, 3, 2, 1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 3, 2, 1.

Sauti mai ban sha'awa, haske, mai iska yana haifar da tunanin wani abu mai nisa. Kuma idan an yi waƙar waƙa ta hanyar ensembles, kawo launi na ƙasa, to, za ku yi tunani: watakila yana da kyau cewa Pan bai kama da nymph ba, saboda godiya ga wannan muna da damar da za mu ji daɗin kiɗan sihiri mai kyau.