Zurab Andzshaparidze |

Zurab Andzshaparidze

Sunan fitaccen ɗan wasan Jojiya Zurab Anjaparidze an rubuta shi cikin haruffan zinariya a cikin tarihin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na ƙasa. Abin baƙin ciki, muna bikin ranar tunawa da na yanzu na fitaccen master, daya daga cikin mafi kyau Jamus da kuma Radames na Soviet opera scene, ba tare da shi - shekaru shida da suka wuce, sanannen artist ya mutu. Amma ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar "Soviet Franco Corelli" (kamar yadda jaridar Italiya ta lakafta shi a lokacinsa) har yanzu yana da rai a yau - a cikin abubuwan tunawa na abokan aikinsa, masu sha'awar basira, a cikin rikodin sauti na Rasha, Italiyanci da Georgian operas.

Idan aka yi la’akari da makomar wannan fitaccen mutum, za ku yi mamakin yadda ya yi iya yinsa a cikin nasa, a zahiri, ba a daɗe da ƙarni ba, kuma kun fahimci yadda yake aiki, kuzari da manufa. Kuma a lokaci guda, ka gane cewa akwai iya zama ma fi stellar farko, yawon bude ido, ban sha'awa tarurruka a cikin rayuwarsa, idan ba ga mutum hassada da kuma m, wanda rashin alheri hadu a kan hanyarsa fiye da sau ɗaya. Anjaparidze, a gefe guda, ya kasance mai girman kai da ƙwazo a hanyar Caucasian - mai yiwuwa saboda jaruntakarsa sun kasance masu gaskiya da ban sha'awa, kuma a lokaci guda shi da kansa bai dace ba: bai san yadda za a zabi ma'aikata a manyan ofisoshin ba. bai isa ba “mafi wayo” – “da wanda ke yin abokai” a gidan wasan kwaikwayo… Kuma, duk da haka, ba shakka, ƙwararren mawaƙin ya faru, duk da irin abubuwan da ake so, ta hanyar cancanta.

Yawancin ayyukansa na kirkire-kirkire suna da alaƙa da ƙasarsa ta Georgia, don haɓaka al'adun kiɗan da ya sami damar yin abubuwa da yawa. Duk da haka, babu shakka, mafi ban sha'awa, 'ya'yan itace da kuma muhimmanci ga artist kansa, kuma ga m al'adun mu da zarar gama gari, shi ne lokacin aikinsa a Moscow, a Bolshoi Theatre na Tarayyar Soviet.

Wani ɗan ƙasar Kutaisi da digiri na biyu na Tbilisi Conservatory (aji na David Andguladze, sanannen malami, da kuma a baya da manyan tenor na Tbilisi Opera) ya zo ya cinye babban birnin Tarayyar Soviet, yana da kaya, ban da haka. zuwa kyakkyawar murya da ingantaccen ilimin murya, yanayi bakwai a kan mataki na gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Tbilisi, inda a wannan lokacin Anjaparidze ya sami damar yin waƙa da yawa manyan sassan tenor. Yana da matukar kyau tushe, saboda Tbilisi Opera a wancan lokacin yana daya daga cikin biyar mafi kyau gidajen wasan opera a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, shahararrun mashahuran sun dade da rera a kan wannan mataki. Gabaɗaya, ya kamata a lura cewa opera a Tbilisi, a Jojiya, ta sami ƙasa mai albarka - wannan ƙirar Italiyanci ta kafu a cikin ƙasan Jojiya tun tsakiyar karni na sha tara, godiya, da farko, ga al'adun waƙa mai zurfi waɗanda suka wanzu a ciki. kasar tun da dadewa, kuma abu na biyu, ayyukan kamfanonin opera masu zaman kansu na Italiyanci da Rasha da kuma masu yin baƙo waɗanda suka haɓaka kiɗan gargajiya a cikin Transcaucasus.

Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na farko a cikin ƙasar a ƙarshen shekarun hamsin yana da matukar buƙatar masu yin wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo na ban mamaki da kuma mezzo-halaye. Nan da nan bayan yakin, Nikolai Ozerov, ƙwararren mai fassara na lyrical da ban mamaki repertoire, ya bar mataki. A shekara ta 1954, dan wasan kwaikwayo na mafi yawan jini, Nikandr Khanaev, ya rera waƙar Herman na ƙarshe. A shekara ta 1957, Shahararren Georgy Nelepp ya mutu ba zato ba tsammani, wanda a wancan lokacin yana kan gaba a cikin ikonsa na kirkire-kirkire kuma a dabi'ance ya zana kaso na zaki na wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo. Kuma ko da yake tenor kungiyar hada da irin gane masters kamar, misali, Grigory Bolshakov ko Vladimir Ivanovsky, shi babu shakka yana bukatar ƙarfafawa.

Lokacin da ya isa gidan wasan kwaikwayo a 1959, Anjaparidze ya kasance dan wasan "lambar daya" a Bolshoi har sai da ya tashi a 1970. Kyakkyawan murya mai ban mamaki, bayyanar mataki mai haske, yanayin zafi - duk wannan nan da nan ba kawai ya inganta shi zuwa matsayi na na farko, amma ya sanya shi kadai kuma mai mulki na tenor Olympus. Darektocin wasan kwaikwayo sun gabatar da shi da yardar rai a cikin mafi mahimmanci kuma abubuwan da ake so ga kowane mawaƙi - Carmen, Aida, Rigoletto, La Traviata, Boris Godunov, Iolanthe. Ya shiga cikin fitattun fitattun gidajen wasan kwaikwayo na waɗannan shekarun, kamar Faust, Don Carlos ko Sarauniyar Spades. Abokansa na yau da kullun a kan mataki na Moscow sune manyan mawaƙa na Rasha, sannan kuma kawai fara ayyukan takwarorinsa - Irina Arkhipova, Galina Vishnevskaya, Tamara Milashkina. Kamar yadda ya dace da mawaƙa na matsayi na farko (ko wannan yana da kyau ko mara kyau babbar tambaya ce, amma wata hanya ko wata irin wannan al'ada ta wanzu a cikin ƙasashe da yawa), Anjaparidze ya rera waƙa musamman na wasan kwaikwayo na gargajiya na Italiyanci da Rashanci - wato, mafi mashahuri, akwatin ofishin ayyuka. Duk da haka, da alama an yi irin wannan zaɓin ba don la'akari da dama ba kuma ba kawai saboda yanayin da ake ciki ba. Anjaparidze ya kasance mafi kyau a jarumawa na soyayya - gaskiya, m. Bugu da ƙari, hanyar "Italiyanci" na raira waƙa kanta, muryar gargajiya a cikin mafi kyawun ma'anar kalmar, ta ƙaddara wannan labarin ga mawaƙa. Da yawa sun gane kololuwar wakokinsa na Italiyanci a matsayin Radamès daga Verdi's Aida. “Muryar mawaƙi tana gudana cikin ƴancin rai da ƙarfi, a cikin solo da kuma a cikin manyan ƙungiyoyi. Kyakkyawan bayanan waje, fara'a, namiji, ikhlasi na ji sune mafi dacewa da yanayin yanayin yanayin, "ana iya karanta irin waɗannan layi a cikin sake dubawa na waɗannan shekarun. Tabbas, Moscow ba ta taɓa ganin irin wannan ƙwararren Radames ba kafin ko bayan Anjaparidze. Muryarsa ta namiji tare da ƙarar murya, mai cike da jini, babban rijistar rawar jiki, duk da haka, yana da sauti mai yawa a cikin sautinsa, yana bawa mawaƙa damar ƙirƙirar hoto mai ban sha'awa, yana amfani da palette mai yawa na launukan murya daga waƙa mai laushi zuwa wasan kwaikwayo mai wadata. . Ƙara zuwa ga gaskiyar cewa mai zane yana da kyau kawai, yana da haske, bayyanar kudancin kudanci, wanda ya fi dacewa da hoton Masarawa mai tsananin ƙauna. Irin wannan cikakken Radames, ba shakka, ya dace sosai a cikin babban aikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Bolshoi a 1951, wanda ke kan matakinsa fiye da shekaru talatin (aikin ƙarshe ya faru a 1983) kuma wanda mutane da yawa suna la'akari da kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun mafi kyau. Yana aiki a cikin tarihin Moscow Opera.

Amma mafi mahimmancin aikin Anjaparidze a zamanin Moscow, wanda ya kawo shi a duk duniya, shine ɓangaren Herman daga Sarauniyar Spades. Bayan yin wannan wasan opera ne a lokacin rangadin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Bolshoi a La Scala a shekara ta 1964 ne jaridun Italiya suka rubuta cewa: “Zurab Anjaparidze wani bincike ne ga jama’ar Milan. Wannan mawaƙi ne mai ƙarfi, sono har ma da murya, mai iya ba da dama ga mawaƙan da suka fi girmamawa a fagen wasan opera na Italiya. Abin da ya ja hankalin shi sosai a cikin fassararsa na shahararren jarumi na Pushkin da Tchaikovsky, a gaskiya, ya zuwa yanzu daga hanyoyin soyayya na opera na Italiyanci, inda kowane bayanin kula, kowane magana na kiɗa ya numfasa ainihin gaskiyar Dostoevsky? Zai yi kama da cewa gwarzo na irin wannan shirin yana kawai contraindicated ga "Italiyanci" tenor Anjaparidze, da kuma singer ta Rasha harshen, a gaskiya, ba m. da Jamusanci mai hankali, Andzhaparidze ya ba wa wannan gwarzo da sha'awar Italiyanci da soyayya. Ba abin mamaki ba ne ga masu son kiɗa su ji a cikin wannan ɓangaren ba muryar Rasha ta musamman ba, amma mai jin daɗi "Italiyanci" tenor - kunne mai zafi da ban sha'awa ga kowa da kowa, ba tare da la'akari da abin da ya rera ba. Amma saboda wasu dalilai, mu, waɗanda suka saba da fassarori masu yawa na wannan bangare a cikin Rasha da kuma kasashen waje, suna ci gaba da damuwa game da wannan aikin bayan shekaru. Wataƙila saboda Anjaparidze ya sami nasarar yin gwarzonsa, ban da sauran fa'idodi, ba littafin rubutu ba, amma ainihin mai rai, mutum na gaske. Ba za ku daina mamakin yadda ƙarfin kuzarin da ke gudana daga rikodin vinyl (rikodin B. Khaikin) ko sautin sauti na fim ɗin 1960 (wanda R. Tikhomirov ya jagoranta). Sun ce Placido Domingo kwanan nan, a cikin marigayi 1990s, bisa shawarar Sergei Leiferkus, ya sanya Herman daga wannan, riga almara fim, inda m gwarzo Anjaparidze ya "mutu mai ban mamaki" farfado da unsurpassed Oleg Strizhenov (wannan m hali). lokacin da ake kiwo a cikin fim din - opera na mawaƙa da mai wasan kwaikwayo mai ban sha'awa ba su cutar da wasan kwaikwayo na aikin ba, wanda, a fili, ya shafi basirar masu wasan kwaikwayo biyu). Da alama wannan ainihin abin koyi ne mai kyau, kuma babban ɗan ƙasar Sipaniya ya iya jin daɗin abin mamaki, ɗan wasan Jojiya Herman.

Ficewar Anjaparidze daga Bolshoi ya yi sauri. A shekara ta 1970, a lokacin yawon shakatawa na gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Paris, bisa shawarar mawaƙa na mawaƙa - abokan aikinsa a cikin ƙungiyar, alamu masu banƙyama sun bayyana a cikin jaridun Faransa cewa bayyanar ɗan wasan kwaikwayo bai dace da hotunan jarumai na soyayya ba wanda ya ƙunshi. mataki. A cikin gaskiya, dole ne a ce matsalar wuce gona da iri ta wanzu, amma kuma an san cewa hakan bai hana masu kallo kallon hoton da mawakin zai iya haifarwa a kan mataki ba, irin wannan hoton da ko da kuwa nasa ne. Kiba ya yi girma, Anjaparidze ya kasance filastik abin mamaki, kuma mutane kaɗan ne suka lura da ƙarin fam ɗinsa. Duk da haka, ga Georgian mai girman kai, irin wannan rashin girmamawa ya isa ya bar babban kamfanin opera na Soviet ba tare da nadama ba kuma ya koma gida Tbilisi. Kusan shekaru talatin da suka wuce daga waɗannan abubuwan har zuwa mutuwar mai zane ya nuna cewa duka Anjaparidze da Bolshoy sun yi rashin nasara daga wannan jayayya. A gaskiya ma, shekara ta 1970 ta ƙare da gajeren aikin mawaƙa na duniya, wanda ya fara da kyau sosai. Gidan wasan kwaikwayo ya yi hasarar ƙwararren ɗan wasa, mai ƙwazo, mai kuzari, ba ruwansa da matsaloli da makomar wasu mutane. Ba asiri ba ne cewa Jojiyanci vocalists wanda daga baya rera waka a kan mataki na Bolshoi samu "farawa a rayuwa" daga Anjaparidze - Makvala Kasrashvili, Zurab Sotkilava, da kuma na yanzu "Italiyanci" firaministan kasar na Bolshoi Badri Maisuradze.

A cikin mahaifarsa, Anjaparidze ya rera waka da yawa a Tbilisi Opera tare da mafi bambancin repertoire, biya mai yawa da hankali ga kasa operas - Paliashvili Abesalom da Eteri, Latavra, Taktakishvili ta Mindia da sauransu. A cewar 'yarsa, shahararren ɗan wasan pian Eteri Anjaparidze, "matsayin gudanarwa bai ja hankalinsa sosai ba, tun da dukan waɗanda ke ƙarƙashinsa abokansa ne, kuma abin kunya ne a gare shi ya" kai tsaye "tsakanin abokansa." Anjaparidze kuma ya tsunduma cikin koyarwa - na farko a matsayin farfesa a Tbilisi Conservatory, sannan ya jagoranci Sashen wasan kwaikwayo na Musical a Cibiyar wasan kwaikwayo.

Tunawa da Zurab Anjaparidze ana girmama shi a mahaifar mawakiyar. A ranar cika shekaru biyar da mutuwar mawakin, an kafa wani bututun tagulla da sculptor Otar Parulava ya yi a kan kabarinsa a filin wasan opera na Tbilisi, kusa da kaburburan wasu fitattun fitattun mawakan opera na Jojiya, Zakharia Paliashvili da Vano Sarajishvili. Shekaru biyu da suka gabata ne aka kafa wata gidauniya mai suna Manana wacce matar mawakin ta rasu. A yau mu a Rasha kuma muna tunawa da wani babban mai fasaha, wanda ba a riga an yaba da babbar gudummawarsa ga al'adun kiɗan Jojiya da na Rasha ba.

A. Matusevich, 2003 (operanews.ru)