Maɓalli. Manyan sautuna.

Menene zai taimaka idan kuna son yin kiɗan sama ko ƙasa na asali?

A cikin babin da ya gabata, mun yi nazarin babban ma'auni. A cikin misalan labarin da ya gabata, mafi ƙasƙanci bayanin kula shine C. Ita ce tonic, daga abin da aka gina duk sauran bayanin kula na babban sikelin. A gaskiya ma, don babban ma'auni, ba kome ba ne duk abin da bayanin da kuka ɗauka a matsayin tushe (wanda bayanin kula zai zama tonic). Babban abu shine kiyaye daidaitattun tazara tsakanin matakai (an kuma bayyana su a babin da ya gabata). A matsayin misali, bari mu gina babban ma'auni daga bayanin kula "sol".

Hoto 1. Babban ma'auni daga bayanin kula "sol"

Lura cewa don kiyaye daidaitattun tazara tsakanin bayanin kula, an tilasta mana yin amfani da bayanin kula F-kaifi (na ƙarshe a cikin adadi), tunda akwai babban tazara na biyu (dukan sautin) tsakanin digiri VI da VII.

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A cikin misalinmu, mun ɗauki bayanin kula "gishiri" a matsayin tushen (tonic). Za mu iya cewa yanayin mu yana a tsawo na bayanin kula "gishiri". Yana shine tsayi daga cikin damuwa da ake kira kalmar " sautin “. Sunan maɓalli ya ƙunshi kalmomi biyu: tonic + fret. Tonic ɗinmu shine bayanin kula "sol", kuma yanayin yana da girma. Don haka, tonality ɗinmu ana kiransa "G Major". A cikin labarin da ya gabata, mun gina babban ma'auni daga bayanin kula "zuwa", wanda ke nufin mun yi amfani da maɓallin "C babba".

Don zayyana tonic a cikin sunan tonality, ana amfani da sunan harafin. Don nuna kalmar “manjo”, ko dai kalmar “dur” ko kalmar “maj” ana amfani da ita, ko kuma an tsallake naɗin manyan gabaɗaya. Wadancan. Ana iya nuna C major ta hanyoyi masu zuwa: "C-dur", "C-maj" ko kuma kawai "C" (idan muka rubuta kawai wasika, to ya kamata a kasance kawai babban harafi). G manyan ana iya nuna su kamar haka: “G-dur”, “G-maj”, ko kuma “G” kawai. Ka tuna cewa nadi harafin bayanin kula "yi" shine "C", kuma bayanin "sol" shine "G" (wannan shine kayan sashin "Notation of Music").

Me yasa akwai sautuna daban-daban? Komai yana da sauƙi kuma, mafi mahimmanci, dacewa. Bari mu ɗauki misali ɗaya. Ka tuna cewa tonality shine farar sikelin. Yanzu bari mu ce kuna son kunna waƙa. Amma ba ku da "ba dadi" don yin shi, saboda. Ba ka isa ga wasu bayanan kula da muryarka - sun yi tsayi da yawa. Babu matsala. Kunna waƙar a cikin ƙaramin maɓalli - duk bayanan da ke cikin waƙar za su yi ƙasa daidai gwargwado. Bari mu ɗauki waƙa iri ɗaya a cikin maɓalli daban-daban a matsayin misali. Lokaci na farko a cikin manyan C, karo na biyu a G manyan:

Guntun "Waƙar Abokai" daga zane mai ban dariya "Mawakan Bremen Town", C babba:

Hoto 2. "Waƙar Abokai" a cikin maɓallin C babba

Yanzu guda ɗaya, amma a cikin G manyan:

Hoto 3. "Waƙar Abokai" a cikin maɓallin G babba

Ka ga, a cikin G major waƙar ta fi na C major girma, kodayake dalilin ya kasance iri ɗaya ne.

Manyan makullai

Menene "tonality", mun riga mun gano. Bari mu kira babban maɓalli cewa yanayin, tsakanin matakan da ake lura da tazarar babban yanayin.

Mun kalli maɓallan C-dur da G-dur. Mun gina waɗannan maɓallan daga bayanin kula "yi" da "gishiri". Su ne tonics. Yana da mahimmanci a fahimci cewa kwata-kwata kowane bayanin kula zai iya aiki azaman tonic na babban maɓalli: duka na babba da na asali. Wadancan. za mu iya gina babban yanayin, misali, daga mataki "D-sharp". A wannan yanayin, tonality ɗinmu za a kira shi "D-sharp major", ko kuma bisa tsarin harafin "D #-dur".

Nau'in manyan maɓalli

Tabbas, kun lura cewa a cikin maɓallin G-maj, muna amfani da bayanin kula "F-sharp" maimakon bayanin kula "fa". Wadancan. wannan maɓalli yana amfani da digiri mai girma. Dangane da zaɓaɓɓen tonic, manyan maɓallai na iya amfani da nau'ikan matakai daban-daban - duka biyun da aka ɗaga (harkarmu tare da G-maj) kuma an saukar da su (kokarin gina babban sikelin daga bayanin kula "fa" da kanka). Dangane da hatsarorin da aka yi amfani da su, an raba manyan maɓalli zuwa ciki  kaifi da kuma  lebur . Maɓallin C-dur kawai ba ya amfani da haɗari, don haka ba kaifi ko lebur ba.

Daga cikin manyan maɓallan, akwai maɓallan masu kaifi guda 7 (G, D, A, E, B, F#, C#) da maɓallan flat 7 (F, Bb, Eb, Ab, Db, Gb, Cb). Ana rubuta alamun canza maɓalli a maɓalli (nan da nan bayan maɓallin). Muna tuna cewa tasirin alamar haɗari da aka rubuta tare da maɓalli ya shafi dukan aikin (sai dai idan, ba shakka, maɓallin aikin ba ya canzawa - za mu kara nazarin wannan), don haka babu buƙatar rubuta kaifi ko lebur. sa hannu a kowane lokaci. Wannan yana sauƙaƙa duka rikodin waƙar da karantawa.

Maɓallai masu alaƙa

Ana kiran maɓallan da suka bambanta da juna a cikin maɓalli ɗaya alaka . A cikin misalan mu a wannan labarin, mun yi amfani da maɓallai masu alaƙa: C-dur da G-dur.

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Mun yi maganin manyan maɓalli. Wannan batu ne mai mahimmanci kuma mai sauƙin fahimta. Muna fatan kun gane.