Video Pinza (Ezio Pinza) |

Ezio Pinza

Pinza shine bass na Italiya na farko na ƙarni na XNUMX. Ya iya jimre da duk matsalolin fasaha, mai ban sha'awa da ban mamaki bel canto, kiɗa da ɗanɗano mai daɗi.

Ezio Fortunio Pinza an haife shi a ranar 18 ga Mayu, 1892 a Roma, ɗan masassaƙi. Don neman aiki, iyayen Ezio sun ƙaura zuwa Ravenna jim kaɗan bayan haihuwarsa. Tuni yana da shekaru takwas, yaron ya fara taimaka wa mahaifinsa. Amma a lokaci guda, mahaifin bai so ya ga dansa ya ci gaba da aikinsa - ya yi mafarki cewa Ezio zai zama mawaƙa.

Amma mafarki mafarki ne, kuma bayan rashin aikin mahaifinsa, Ezio ya bar makaranta. Yanzu ya tallafa wa iyalinsa gwargwadon iyawarsa. Lokacin da yake da shekaru goma sha takwas Ezio ya nuna basirar hawan keke: a cikin babbar gasa a Ravenna, ya dauki matsayi na biyu. Wataƙila Pinza ya karɓi kwangilar shekaru biyu mai tsada, amma mahaifinsa ya ci gaba da gaskata cewa aikin Ezio yana rera waƙa. Ko da hukuncin mafi kyawun malamin Bolognese Alessandro Vezzani bai sanyaya dattijo Pinza ba. Ya ce a hankali: “Wannan yaron ba shi da murya.”

Cesare Pinza nan da nan ya dage kan gwaji tare da wani malami a Bologna - Ruzza. A wannan karon, sakamakon sauraren karar ya fi gamsarwa, kuma Ruzza ya fara darasi da Ezio. Ba tare da barin aikin kafinta ba, Pinza cikin sauri ya sami sakamako mai kyau a cikin fasahar murya. Bugu da ƙari, bayan Ruzza, saboda rashin lafiya na ci gaba, ba zai iya ci gaba da koyar da shi ba, Ezio ya sami tagomashi na Vezzani. Bai ma gane cewa matashin mawakin da ya zo wurinsa ya taba kin shi ba. Bayan Pinza ya rera wani aria daga wasan opera "Simon Boccanegra" na Verdi, babban malamin bai yi watsi da yabo ba. Ba wai kawai ya yarda ya karɓi Ezio a cikin ɗalibansa ba, har ma ya ba shi shawarar zuwa Bologna Conservatory. Bugu da ƙari, tun da mai zane na gaba ba shi da kuɗin da za a biya don karatunsa, Vezzani ya yarda ya biya shi "lalata" daga kudaden nasa.

A ashirin da biyu, Pinza ya zama ɗan soloist tare da ƙaramar ƙungiyar opera. Ya fara halarta a karon a cikin rawar Oroveso ("Norma" Bellini), rawar da ta dace, a kan mataki a Sancino, kusa da Milan. Bayan samun nasara, Ezio ya gyara shi a Prato ("Ernani" na Verdi da "Manon Lescaut" na Puccini), Bologna ("La Sonnambula" na Bellini), Ravenna ("Fourt" na Donizetti).

Yaƙin Duniya na farko ya katse saurin haɓakar matashin mawaƙi - ya shafe shekaru huɗu a cikin soja.

Sai bayan karshen yakin Pinza ya koma waka. A cikin 1919, Daraktan Opera na Rome ya karɓi mawaƙin a matsayin ɓangare na ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo. Kuma kodayake Pinza yana taka rawa galibi na sakandare, yana kuma nuna hazaka a cikinsu. Shahararren madugu Tullio Serafin bai lura da hakan ba, wanda ya gayyaci Pinza zuwa gidan opera na Turin. Bayan ya rera wasu sassan bass na tsakiya a nan, mawaƙin ya yanke shawarar afkawa "babban kagara" - "La Scala" na Milan.

Babban jagora Arturo Toscanini yana shirya Wagner's Die Meistersinger a lokacin. Mai gudanarwa ya ji daɗin yadda Pinz ya buga ɓangaren Pogner.

Da yake zama soloist a La Scala, daga baya, a karkashin jagorancin Toscanini, Pinza ya rera waƙa a cikin Lucia di Lammermoor, Aida, Tristan da Isolde, Boris Godunov (Pimen) da sauran operas. A watan Mayu 1924, Pinza, tare da mafi kyawun mawaƙa na La Scala, sun rera waƙa a farkon wasan opera na Boito Nero, wanda ya tada sha'awar duniyar kiɗa.

"Ayyukan haɗin gwiwa tare da Toscanini sun kasance makarantar gaskiya na fasaha mafi girma ga mawaƙa: sun ba wa mai zane-zane mai yawa don fahimtar salon ayyuka daban-daban, don cimma haɗin kai na kiɗa da kalmomi a cikin wasan kwaikwayonsa, ya taimaka wa cikakken ƙwarewar fasaha na fasaha. fasahar murya," in ji VV Timokhin. Pinza yana cikin 'yan kaɗan waɗanda Toscanini ya ga sun dace a ambata. Da zarar, a maimaitawa na Boris Godunov, ya ce game da Pints, wanda ya taka rawar Pimen: "A ƙarshe, mun sami wani singer wanda zai iya raira waƙa!"

Domin shekaru uku da artist yi a kan mataki na La Scala. Ba da daɗewa ba Turai da Amurka sun san cewa Pinza na ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun bass a tarihin wasan opera na Italiya.

Ziyarar farko a ƙasashen waje Pinza yana ciyarwa a Paris, kuma a cikin 1925 mai zane yana rera waka a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Colon a Buenos Aires. Bayan shekara guda, a watan Nuwamba, Pinza zai fara halarta a cikin Spontini's Vestal a Metropolitan Opera.

Fiye da shekaru ashirin, Pintsa ya kasance na dindindin soloist na gidan wasan kwaikwayo da kuma kayan ado na troupe. Amma ba kawai a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na opera Pinz ya yaba da mafi yawan masu neman sani ba. Ya kuma yi nasara a matsayin mawakin solo tare da fitattun mawakan kade-kade na Amurka.

VV Timokhin ya rubuta: "Muryar Pintsa - babban bass, ɗan ƙaramin hali, kyakkyawa mai kyau, sassauƙa da ƙarfi, tare da babban kewayon - ya yi hidima ga mai zane a matsayin hanya mai mahimmanci, tare da yin tunani da tunani, don ƙirƙirar rayuwa, hotunan matakin gaskiya. . Arsenal mai arziƙi na ma'anar bayyanawa, duka na murya da ban mamaki, mawaƙin ya yi amfani da shi da nagarta ta gaske. Ko aikin yana buƙatar bala'i mai ban tsoro, baƙar magana, sauƙi mai sauƙi ko ɗan ban dariya, koyaushe ya sami sautin da ya dace da launuka masu haske. A cikin fassarar Pinza, har ma da wasu nesa da manyan haruffa sun sami mahimmanci da ma'ana ta musamman. Mai zane ya san yadda za a ba su da halayen ɗan adam masu rai don haka babu makawa ya jawo hankalin masu sauraro ga jarumansa, yana nuna misalai masu ban mamaki na fasahar reincarnation. Ba abin mamaki ba ne sukar fasahar fasaha na 20s da 30s ta kira shi "Saurayi Chaliapin."

Pinza ya so ya maimaita cewa akwai nau'ikan mawaƙan opera guda uku: waɗanda ba sa yin wasan kwata-kwata, waɗanda kawai za su iya kwaikwayi da kwafin samfuran wasu, kuma, a ƙarshe, waɗanda suke ƙoƙari su fahimta da yin rawar ta hanyar kansu. . Na ƙarshe kawai, a cewar Pinza, sun cancanci a kira su masu fasaha.

Pinz mawaƙin, wanda basso cantante ne na yau da kullun, ya sami sha'awar muryarsa mai kyau, ingantaccen ƙwarewar fasaha, ƙayyadaddun lafazi da alheri na musamman, wanda ya sa ya zama mai ƙima a cikin wasan operas na Mozart. A lokaci guda kuma, muryar mawaƙin na iya zama mai ƙarfin hali da sha'awa, tare da matuƙar magana. A matsayinsa na ɗan ƙasar Italiyanci, Pince ya kasance mafi kusa da wasan opera na Italiyanci, amma kuma mai zanen ya yi wasan operas da yawa daga mawakan Rasha, Jamusanci da Faransanci.

Masu zamani sun ga Pinz a matsayin mawaƙin opera na musamman na musamman: tarihinsa ya haɗa da abubuwan ƙirƙira sama da 80. Mafi kyawun aikinsa an san shi kamar Don Juan, Figaro ( "Bikin Bikin Figaro"), Boris Godunov da Mephistopheles ("Faust").

A cikin ɓangaren Figaro, Pinza ya sami damar isar da duk kyawun kiɗan Mozart. Figaronsa mai haske ne da fara'a, wayayye kuma mai ƙirƙira, wanda aka bambanta da sahihancin ji da kyakkyawan fata.

Tare da nasara ta musamman, ya yi a cikin operas "Don Giovanni" da "Aure na Figaro" wanda Bruno Walter ya gudanar a lokacin shahararren bikin Mozart (1937) a mahaifar mawaki - a Salzburg. Tun daga nan, a nan kowane mawaƙa a matsayin Don Giovanni da Figaro an kwatanta shi da Pinza koyaushe.

The singer ko da yaushe bi da wasan kwaikwayon na Boris Godunov da babban nauyi. A baya a cikin 1925, a Mantua, Pinza ya rera waƙa na Boris a karon farko. Amma ya iya koyan duk asirin Mussorgsky m halitta ta hanyar shiga cikin Productions Boris Godunov a Metropolitan (a cikin rawar Pimen) tare da babban Chaliapin.

Dole ne in ce Fedor Ivanovich ya kula da abokin aikinsa na Italiya da kyau. Bayan daya daga cikin wasan kwaikwayon, ya rungume Pinza sosai kuma ya ce: "Ina son Pimen naku, Ezio." Chaliapin bai san cewa Pinza zai zama magajinsa na asali ba. A cikin bazara na 1929 Fedor Ivanovich ya bar Metropolitan, da show na Boris Godunov tsaya. Bayan shekaru goma ne aka dawo da wasan kwaikwayon, kuma Pinza ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a ciki.

"A cikin aiwatar da aikin a kan hoton, ya yi nazari a hankali game da kayan tarihi na Rasha tun daga zamanin Godunov, tarihin mawaƙa, da kuma duk abubuwan da suka shafi ƙirƙirar aikin. Fassarar mawaƙin ba ta cikin babban fassarori na Chaliapin - a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na mai zane, lyricism da taushi sun kasance a gaba. Duk da haka, masu sukar sun yi la'akari da rawar Tsar Boris a matsayin babbar nasara ta Pinza, kuma a cikin wannan bangare ya sami nasara mai ban mamaki, "in ji VV Timokhin.

Kafin yakin duniya na biyu, Pinza ya yi wasa da yawa a gidajen wasan kwaikwayo na Chicago da San Francisco, ya zagaya Ingila, Sweden, Czechoslovakia, kuma a cikin 1936 ya ziyarci Ostiraliya.

Bayan yakin, a cikin 1947, ya ɗan yi waƙa tare da 'yarsa Claudia, mai soprano na lyric. A cikin lokacin 1947/48, ya rera waƙa na ƙarshe a Metropolitan. A cikin Mayu 1948, tare da wasan kwaikwayo na Don Juan a birnin Cleveland na Amurka, ya yi ban kwana da wasan opera.

Duk da haka, wasan kwaikwayo na mawakin, wasan kwaikwayonsa na rediyo da talabijin har yanzu nasara ce mai ban mamaki. Pinza ya sami nasarar cimma abin da ba zai yiwu ba - don tattara mutane dubu ashirin da bakwai a maraice ɗaya a kan matakin waje na New York "Lewison Stage"!

Tun daga 1949, Pinza yana rera waƙa a cikin operettas (Southern Ocean by Richard Rogers da Oscar Hammerstein, Fanny na Harold Rome), yana aiki a cikin fina-finai (Mr. Imperium (1950), Carnegie Hall (1951), Wannan Maraice muna raira waƙa "(1951) .

Saboda cututtukan zuciya, mai zane ya janye daga wasan kwaikwayon jama'a a lokacin rani na 1956.

Pinza ya mutu a ranar 9 ga Mayu, 1957 a Stamford (Amurka).