Yadda za a tuna alamun a maɓalli?

A fitowa ta gaba, za mu koyar da ku yadda ake haddace alamomi a maɓalli, mu gabatar muku da dabarun da za su ba ku damar gano alamun a cikin kowane maɓalli nan take.

Bari mu ce nan da nan za ku iya ɗauka kawai ku koyi alamun a cikin duk maɓalli azaman tebur mai ninkawa. Ba shi da wahala kamar yadda ake gani. Misali, marubucin wadannan layukan ya yi haka: kasancewarsa dalibin aji na biyu na makarantar waka, bayan da ya shafe mintuna 20-30, ya haddace abin da malamin ya umarce shi da gaske, bayan haka kuma babu sauran matsaloli. haddace. Af, ga waɗanda suke son wannan hanya, kuma ga duk wanda ke buƙatar maɓalli na yaudara don darussan solfeggio, a ƙarshen wannan labarin za a ba da tebur na maɓalli da alamun su tare da maɓalli tare da yiwuwar saukewa.

Amma idan kawai ba ka sha'awar koyo, ko kuma idan ba za ka iya kawo kanka ka zauna ka koya ba, to ka ci gaba da karanta abin da muka tanadar maka. Za mu mallaki dukkan maɓallan ta hanya mai ma'ana. Har ila yau, jirgin kasa - don wannan, a cikin hanya na labarin za a sami ayyuka na musamman.

Maɓallai nawa ne a cikin kiɗa?

A cikin duka, ana amfani da manyan maɓallai 30 a cikin kiɗa, waɗanda za a iya raba su zuwa rukuni uku:

• Maɓallai 2 ba tare da alamu ba (tuna nan da nan - C babba da ƙarami);
• Maɓallai 14 masu kaifi (7 daga cikinsu manya ne 7 kuma ƙanana, a cikin kowane babba ko ƙarami akwai kaifi ɗaya zuwa bakwai);
• Maɓallai 14 tare da filaye (ciki har da manyan 7 da ƙanana 7, kowannensu yana da gidaje ɗaya zuwa bakwai).

Maɓallai waɗanda adadin haruffa ɗaya, wato, adadin filaye ko kaifi ɗaya, ana kiran su da maɓallan layi ɗaya. Maɓallai masu layi ɗaya “akwai bibiyu”: ɗayansu babba ne, ɗayan ƙanana ne. Misali: C major da A qananan maɓallan layi ɗaya ne, tunda suna da adadin haruffa iri ɗaya - sifili (ba su nan: babu kaifi ko filaye). Ko wani misali: G babba da E qanana suma maɓallai masu kama da juna ne tare da kaifi ɗaya (F mai kaifi a duka lokuta biyu).

Tonics na maɓallan layi ɗaya suna cikin tazara na ƙarami na uku daga juna, don haka, idan mun san kowane maɓalli ɗaya, to zamu iya samun layi ɗaya cikin sauƙi kuma mu gano adadin alamun da zai kasance. Kuna iya karanta game da maɓallan layi ɗaya daki-daki a cikin fitowar da ta gabata ta rukunin yanar gizon mu. Kuna buƙatar samun su da sauri, don haka bari mu tuna wasu dokoki.

Doka Na 1. Don nemo ƙarami mai kama da juna, muna gina ƙarami na uku zuwa ƙasa daga matakin farko na ainihin maɓalli na asali. Misali: maɓalli shine F-manjor, ƙaramin na uku daga F shine FD, saboda haka, D-minor zai zama maɓalli mai daidaitawa ga manyan F.

Doka Na 2. Don nemo manyan kwatankwacinsu, muna gina ƙaramin sulusi, akasin haka, zuwa sama daga matakin farko na ƙaramin maɓalli da muka sani. Misali, ana ba da sautin ƙaramar G, muna gina ƙaramin uku zuwa sama daga G, muna samun sautin B-flat, wanda ke nufin cewa B-flat major zai zama babban maɓalli ɗaya da ake so.

Yadda za a bambanta maɓalli masu kaifi da lebur da suna?

Bari mu yi ajiyar wuri nan da nan cewa babu buƙatar haddace komai daidai lokaci guda. Na farko, yana da kyau a gano shi, kawai tare da manyan maɓalli, saboda za a sami alamun guda ɗaya a cikin ƙananan layi.

Don haka, ta yaya za a bambanta tsakanin manyan maɓalli masu kaifi da lebur? Mai sauqi qwarai!

Sunan maɓallan lebur galibi suna ɗauke da kalmar “lebur”: B-flat major, E-flat major, A-flat major, D-flat major, da sauransu. Banda shi ne maɓalli na F babba, wanda shima lebur ne, kodayake kalmar flat ba a ambaci sunanta ba. Wato, a wasu kalmomi, a cikin maɓallai irin su G-flat major, C-flat major ko manyan F, tabbas za a sami filaye masu mahimmanci (daga ɗaya zuwa bakwai).

Sunayen maɓallai masu kaifi ko dai ba su ambaci wani haɗari ba, ko kuma kalmar kaifi tana nan. Misali, maɓallan G major, D manyan, A manyan, manyan manyan manyan F, manyan manyan manyan C, da sauransu. Amma a nan, in mun gwada da magana, akwai kuma sauƙaƙan keɓancewa. C babba, kamar yadda kuka sani, maɓalli ne ba tare da alamu ba, don haka ba ya shafi kaifi. Kuma wani ƙarin banda - sake, F babba (maɓalli ne mai lebur, kamar yadda muka riga muka faɗa).

Kuma bari mu sake maimaita DOKOKI. Idan akwai kalmar "lebur" a cikin take, to, maɓallin yana lebur (banda babban F - shima lebur). Idan babu kalmar "lebur" ko kuma akwai kalmar "kaifi", to mabuɗin yana da kaifi (banda manyan C ba tare da alamun da manyan F ba).

Oda mai kaifi da tsari mai laushi

Kafin mu ci gaba zuwa ainihin ma'anar ainihin alamun a cikin wani maɓalli na musamman, mun fara magana da irin waɗannan ra'ayoyi kamar tsari na kaifi da kuma tsari na filaye. Gaskiyar ita ce, masu kaifi da filaye a cikin maɓalli suna bayyana a hankali kuma ba da gangan ba, amma a cikin takamaiman tsari.

Tsarin kaifi shine kamar haka: FA DO SOL RE LA MI SI. Kuma, idan akwai kaifi ɗaya kawai a cikin sikelin, to zai zama daidai F-kaifi, kuma ba wani ba. Idan akwai kaifi uku a cikin maɓalli, to, bi da bi, waɗannan zasu zama F, C da G-kaifi. Idan akwai kaifi biyar, to F-sharp, C-sharp, G-sharp, D-sharp da A-kaifi.

Tsarin ɗakin kwana ɗaya ne na kaifi, kawai "topsy-turvy", wato, a cikin motsi na gefe: SI MI LA RE SOL DO FA. Idan akwai ɗakin kwana ɗaya a cikin maɓalli, to zai zama daidai B-flat, idan akwai filaye guda biyu - si da mi-flat, idan akwai huɗu, to si, mi, la da re.

Dole ne a koyi tsari na kaifi da filaye. Yana da sauƙi, sauri, kuma mai amfani sosai. Kuna iya koyo ta hanyar faɗar kowane layi da ƙarfi sau 10, ko kuma ku tuna da su azaman sunayen wasu jaruman tatsuniyoyi, irin su Sarauniya Fadosol re Lamisi da Sarki Simil re Soldof.

Ƙayyade alamu a cikin manyan maɓalli masu kaifi

A cikin manyan maɓalli masu kaifi, kaifi na ƙarshe shine mataki na ƙarshe kafin tonic, a wasu kalmomi, kaifi na ƙarshe shine mataki ɗaya ƙasa da tonic. Tonic, kamar yadda kuka sani, shine matakin farko na ma'auni, koyaushe yana kasancewa cikin sunan maɓalli.

Misali, da bari mu ɗauki maɓallin G manyan: tonic shine bayanin kula G, kaifi na ƙarshe zai zama bayanin kula ƙasa da G, wato zai zama F mai kaifi. Yanzu mun je cikin tsari na kaifi FA ZUWA SOL RE LI MI SI kuma mu tsaya a kaifi na ƙarshe da ake so, wato, fa. Me ZE faru? Kuna buƙatar tsayawa nan da nan, a kan kaifi na farko, sakamakon haka - a cikin G manyan akwai kaifi ɗaya kawai (F-kaifi).

Wani misali. Bari mu ɗauki maɓallin E babba. Menene tonic? Mi! Wane kaifi ne zai kasance na ƙarshe? Re is one note less than mi! Muna tafiya cikin tsari na kaifi kuma mu tsaya a sautin "re": fa, yi, sol, re. Ya bayyana cewa akwai kaifi huɗu kawai a cikin E major, mun jera su kawai.

umarnin don nemo kaifi: 1) ƙayyade tonic; 2) tantance wane kaifi ne zai zama na ƙarshe; 3) Ku tafi cikin tsari na kaifi kuma ku tsaya a kaifi na ƙarshe da ake so; 4) ƙirƙira ƙarshe - nawa kaifi ne a cikin maɓalli da abin da suke.

AIKIN KOYARWA: Ƙayyade alamun da ke cikin maɓallan A manyan, manyan B, manyan F-kaifi.

SOLUTION (amsar tambayoyi ga kowane maɓalli): 1) Menene tonic? 2) Menene zai zama kaifi na ƙarshe? 3) Kaifi nawa ne kuma wanene?

Ƙayyade alamun a cikin manyan maɓallan lebur

A cikin maɓallan lebur, ya ɗan bambanta. Da farko, kuna buƙatar tuna cewa a cikin keɓan maɓalli, F manyan lebur ɗaya ne kawai (na farko cikin tsari shine B-flat). Bugu da ari, ka'idar ita ce kamar haka: tonic a cikin maɓalli mai laushi shine ɗakin kwana. Don ƙayyade alamun, kuna buƙatar shiga cikin tsari na ɗakin kwana, nemo sunan maɓalli a ciki (wato, sunan tonic) kuma ƙara ɗaya, ɗakin kwana na gaba.

Misali, da Bari mu ayyana alamun A-lebur manyan. Muna tafiya cikin jerin filaye kuma mu sami A-flat: si, mi, la – ga shi nan. Na gaba – ƙara wani lebur: si, mi, la da re! Muna samun: a cikin manyan A-flat akwai filaye huɗu kawai (si, mi, la, re).

Wani misali. Bari mu ayyana alamomi a G-flat major. Muna tafiya cikin tsari: si, mi, la, re, gishiri - ga tonic kuma muna ƙara lebur ɗaya na gaba - si, mi, la, re, SALT, yi. Gabaɗaya, akwai gidaje shida a cikin G-flat major.

umarnin don nemo filaye: 1) tafi cikin tsari na filaye; 2) isa ga tonic kuma ƙara ɗayan lebur; 3) ƙirƙira ƙarshe - nawa ɗakin kwana ne a cikin maɓalli kuma waɗanne ne.

AIKIN KOYARWA: ƙayyade adadin haruffa a cikin maɓallan B-flat major, E-flat major, F-manjor, D-flat manyan.

SOLUTION (muna aiki bisa ga umarnin)

Yadda za a gane alamomi a cikin ƙananan maɓalli?

Don ƙananan maɓalli, ba shakka, mutum zai iya fito da wasu ƙa'idodi masu dacewa. Misali: a cikin ƙananan maɓallai masu kaifi, kaifi na ƙarshe shine mataki mafi girma fiye da tonic, ko a cikin ƙananan maɓalli, lebur na ƙarshe yana ƙasa da tonic matakai biyu. Amma babban adadin ƙa'idodi na iya haifar da rudani, don haka yana da kyau a ƙayyade alamomi a cikin ƙananan maɓalli ta hanyar daidaitattun manyan.

umarnin: 1) da farko ƙayyade maɓalli mai mahimmanci (don yin wannan, mun tashi zuwa tazara na ƙananan na uku daga tonic); 2) ƙayyade alamun maɓalli mai kama da juna; 3) alamomi iri ɗaya zasu kasance a cikin ƙananan ƙananan ma'auni na asali.

Misali. Bari mu ayyana alamun F-kaifi ƙarami. Nan da nan ya bayyana a fili cewa muna ma'amala da maɓalli masu kaifi (kalmar "kaifi" a cikin take ta riga ta nuna kanta). Bari mu nemo sautin layi daya. Don yin wannan, mun keɓe ɗan ƙaramin uku zuwa sama daga F-kaifi, muna samun sautin "la" - tonic na manyan layi ɗaya. Don haka, yanzu muna buƙatar gano menene alamun a cikin manyan. A cikin babban (kaifi maɓalli): tonic shine “la”, kaifi na ƙarshe shine “sol”, akwai kaifi uku gabaɗaya (fa, yi, sol). Don haka, a cikin ƙananan ƙananan F-kaifi kuma za a sami kaifi uku (F, C, G).

Wani misali. Bari mu ayyana alamun a cikin ƙananan F. Har yanzu ba a bayyana ko wannan maɓalli ne mai kaifi ko kuma lebur ba. Mun sami daidaito: mun gina ƙaramin uku zuwa sama daga "fa", muna samun "a-lebur". A-flat major tsarin layi daya ne, sunan yana dauke da kalmar “lebur”, wanda ke nufin cewa F small shima zai zama maballin lebur. Mun ƙayyade adadin ɗakin kwana a cikin manyan A-flat: muna tafiya cikin tsari na ɗakin kwana, mun isa tonic kuma mu ƙara wata alama: si, mi, la, re. Gabaɗaya – filaye huɗu a cikin babban lebur da lamba iri ɗaya a ƙaramin F (si, mi, la, re).

AIKIN KOYARWA: Nemo alamu a cikin maɓallan C-kaifi ƙarami, ƙarami B, G ƙarami, C ƙarami, D ƙarami, ƙarami.

SOLUTION (muna amsa tambayoyin kuma a hankali muna zuwa ga mafi mahimmanci): 1) Menene daidaitaccen sautin? 2) Kaifi ne ko lebur? 3) Alamomi nawa ne a cikinsa kuma wanene? 4) Mun ƙare - menene alamun za su kasance a cikin maɓallin asali.

Tebur "Sautuna da alamun su a maɓalli"

Kuma yanzu, kamar yadda aka yi alkawari a farkon, muna ba ku tebur na maɓalli tare da alamun su. A cikin tebur, ana rubuta maɓallan layi ɗaya tare da adadi iri ɗaya na kaifi ko filaye tare; shafi na biyu yana ba da sunan harafin maɓalli; a cikin na uku - an nuna adadin haruffa, kuma a cikin na huɗu - an ƙayyade waɗanne haruffa na musamman a cikin wani ma'auni.

Hakanan za'a iya saukar da wannan tebur don bugawa idan kuna buƙatar takaddar yaudarar solfeggio - SAUKA. Bayan ɗan ƙaramin aiki na aiki tare da maɓallai daban-daban, yawancin maɓallan da alamun da ke cikin su ana tunawa da kansu.

Muna ba da shawarar ku kalli bidiyon kan batun darasin. Bidiyon yana ba da wata hanya makamanciyar ta haddar maɓalli a cikin maɓallai daban-daban.