Tarihin maɓalli

Duk al'ummomin duniya suna da nasu kayan amfanin ƙasa. Ga 'yan Rasha, za a iya ɗaukar maɓallin maɓalli irin wannan kayan aiki daidai. Ya sami rarraba ta musamman a cikin yankin Rasha, inda, watakila, ba wani taron ba, ko bikin aure, ko wani bukukuwan jama'a, ba zai iya yin ba tare da shi ba.

Duk da haka, 'yan mutane san cewa progenitor na ƙaunataccen button accordion, ya zama kayan kida na gabas "sheng". Tushen don fitar da sautin wanda, kamar yadda yake a cikin maɓalli, shine ka'idar redi. Masu bincike sun yi imanin cewa fiye da shekaru 2000-3000 da suka wuce ya bayyana kuma ya fara yaduwa a China, Burma, Laos da Tibet. Sheng jiki ne mai bamboo a gefe, wanda a cikinsa akwai harsunan tagulla. A cikin tsohuwar Rasha, Sheng ya bayyana tare da mamayewar Tatar-Mongol. Daga nan ne ya fara bazuwa cikin Turai.

Malamai da yawa suna da hannu wajen ƙirƙirar maɓalli a cikin sigar da muka saba ganinsa a lokuta daban-daban. A shekara ta 1787, maigidan daga Jamhuriyar Czech F. Kirchner ya yanke shawarar ƙirƙirar kayan kida, inda sautin zai bayyana saboda rawar jiki na farantin karfe a cikin ginshiƙi na iska, wanda wani ɗakin fur na musamman ya zubar da shi. Kirchner har ma ya tsara samfuran farko na kayan aikin sa. A farkon karni na 19, Bajamushe F. Bushman ya yi wata hanya don daidaita gabobin da yake yi wa hidima. A cikin kwata na 2 na karni na 19 a Vienna, wani ɗan Austriya mai tushen Armeniya K. Demian, ya ɗauki abin da Bushman ya ƙirƙira a matsayin tushe kuma ya gyara shi, ya samar da samfurin farko na maɓalli accordion. Kayan aikin Demian sun haɗa da madannai masu zaman kansu guda 2 tare da bellow tsakanin su. Maɓallan da ke kan madannai na dama don kunna waƙa ne, maɓallan da ke kan madannai na hagu na bass ne. Irin wannan kayan kida (harmonics) an kawo su zuwa daular Rasha a farkon rabin karni na 19, inda suka sami babban karbuwa da rarrabawa. A cikin ƙasarmu, an fara ƙirƙirar bita da sauri, har ma da masana'antar gabaɗaya don kera nau'ikan harmonicas iri-iri.

A cikin 1830, a lardin Tula, a ɗaya daga cikin bajekolin, babban maƙerin bindiga I. Sizov ya sayi kayan kida na waje na waje - harmonica. Hankalin Rasha mai bincike ya kasa jurewa tarwatsa kayan aikin da ganin yadda yake aiki. Ganin zane mai sauƙi, I. Sizov ya yanke shawarar tattara nasa nau'in kayan kida, wanda ake kira "accordion".

Tula mai son accordion player N. Beloborodov ya yanke shawarar ƙirƙirar kayan aikin nasa tare da babban adadin damar kiɗan idan aka kwatanta da accordion. Mafarkinsa ya zama gaskiya a cikin 1871, lokacin da shi, tare da maigidan P. Chulkov, suka tsara jerin gwanon layi biyu. Accordion ya zama layi uku a 1891, godiya ga maigidan daga Jamus G. Mirwald. Bayan shekaru 6, P. Chulkov ya gabatar da kayan aikinsa ga jama'a da mawaƙa, wanda ya sa ya yiwu a karbi shirye-shiryen da aka shirya tare da dannawa ɗaya na maɓalli. Canzawa koyaushe da haɓakawa, a hankali a hankali ya zama accordion. A shekara ta 1907, mawaƙa Orlansky-Titorenko ya ba da umarni ga maigidan P. Sterligov don kera wani hadadden kayan kida mai jere huɗu. An sanya wa kayan aikin suna "button accordion" don girmama mai ba da labari daga tsohuwar tarihin Rasha. Bayan ya inganta bayan shekaru 2. P. Sterligov ya ƙirƙira kayan aiki tare da tsarin zaɓi wanda ke kan madannai na hagu.

A cikin duniyar zamani, maɓalli accordion ya zama kayan kida na duniya. Lokacin kunna shi, mawaƙi na iya yin waƙoƙin jama'a da kuma ayyukan kiɗan gargajiya waɗanda aka rubuta masa.