Grzegorz Fitelberg |

Grzegorz Fitelberg

Wannan mawaƙin na ɗaya daga cikin fitattun wurare a cikin al'adun kiɗan Poland na ƙarni na XNUMX. Kiɗa na Yaren mutanen Poland bashi da yawa ga Grzegorz Fitelberg don saninsa, shigarsa cikin matakan wasan kwaikwayo na duniya duka.

Mahaifin mai fasaha na gaba - Grzegorz Fitelberg Sr. - jagoran soja ne kuma, ya gano wani gwaninta mai ban mamaki a cikin dansa, ya aika da shi zuwa Cibiyar Kiɗa ta Warsaw yana da shekaru goma sha biyu. Fitelberg ya sauke karatu a 1896 a cikin aji na violin na S. Bartsevich da kuma a cikin aji na 3. Noskovsky, bayan da ya sami lambar yabo ta I. Paderevsky don violin sonata. Bayan haka, ya zama concertmaster na Warsaw Opera House Orchestra, kuma daga baya na Philharmonic. Tare da na karshen, ya fara halarta a karon a matsayin jagora a cikin 1904, kuma bayan ƴan shekaru ya fara aikin madugu na yau da kullun.

A wannan lokacin, Fitelberg ya riga ya sami shahara a matsayin mawaki mai ban sha'awa, marubucin wasan kwaikwayo guda biyu, waƙoƙin ban dariya (ciki har da Waƙoƙi game da Falcon na M. Gorky), ɗakin daki da ƙa'idodin murya. Tare da masu kida na Poland masu ci gaba - M. Karlovich, K. Shimanovsky, L. Ruzhitsky, A. Sheluta - shi ne mai shirya taron matasa na Poland, wanda ke da nufin inganta sabon kiɗa na kasa. Kuma ba da daɗewa ba Fitelberg a ƙarshe ya bar abun da ke ciki don yin amfani da wannan manufa tare da zane-zanensa.

Tuni a cikin shekaru goma na biyu na karni na mu, jagoran Fitelberg yana samun karbuwa. Ya yi rangadinsa na farko tare da Warsaw Philharmonic, yana gudanarwa a Kotun Vienna Opera da kuma cikin kide-kide na Society of Friends of Music, yana ba da kide-kide da yawa a bikin farko na kiɗan Poland a Krakow. Mai zane yana ciyar da lokaci mai tsawo a Rasha - daga 1914 zuwa 1921. Ya gudanar da kide kide da wake-wake a tashar jirgin kasa na Pavlovsky, ya jagoranci kungiyar mawakan Symphony ta Jihar, ya jagoranci wasanni a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Mariinsky da Bolshoi.

Fitelberg ya kasance yana aiki tare da babbar sha'awa da ƙarfi tun dawowar sa ƙasarsa ta haihuwa. A 1925-1934, ya jagoranci Warsaw Philharmonic Orchestra, sa'an nan ya shirya nasa tawagar - Polish Radio Orchestra, wanda riga a 1927 aka bayar da lambar zinariya a World Nunin a Paris. Bugu da kari, da artist kullum yi a Warsaw Opera, ya yi dogon yawon bude ido na Turai, Arewa da kuma Kudancin Amirka, a lokacin da ba kawai bayar da kide-kide, amma kuma gudanar opera da kuma rawa wasanni. Don haka, a cikin 1924, ya tsaya a filin wasa na S. Diaghilev ta Rasha Ballet, kuma a cikin 1922 ya gudanar da wasan farko na Stravinsky's Mavra a Grand Opera a Paris. Fitelberg ya ziyarci USSR akai-akai, inda fasaharsa ta ji daɗin ƙaunar masu sauraro. “Kowace sabon taro da shi yana farantawa a sabuwar hanya. Wannan ƙwararren mai girma ne, ko da yake kamewa, ƙwararren mai tsara ƙungiyar makaɗa, wanda zai iya yin biyayya ga tsarinsa na tunani da zurfin aiwatarwa, "A. Goldenweiser ya rubuta game da shi.

Na farko wasan kwaikwayo na mafi yawan abubuwan da abokansa a cikin Young Poland jama'a, ya kuma ba da dama kide kide a kasashen waje, shirye-shiryen da aka hada na musamman na Szymanowski, Karlovich, Ruzhitsky, kazalika da matasa marubuta - Wojtowicz Maklakevich. , Palester, Perkovsky, Kondratsky da sauransu. Shahararriyar Szymanowski a duk duniya ta samo asali ne saboda ilhami da wasan kwaikwayon waƙarsa da Fitelberg ya yi. A lokaci guda kuma, Fitelberg ya sanya kansa shahara a matsayin kyakkyawan fassarar ayyukan manyan mawaƙa na farkon rabin karni na XNUMX - Ravel, Roussel, Hindemith, Milhaud, Honegger da sauransu. A gida da waje, madugu kuma ya ci gaba da yin kida na Rasha, musamman Scriabin, Stravinsky, Prokofiev, Myaskovsky; karkashin jagorancinsa, D. Shostakovich's First Symphony aka fara yi a Poland.

Har zuwa karshen rayuwarsa, Fitelberg ya sadaukar da duk basirarsa don hidimar fasaharsa ta asali. Sai kawai a cikin shekarun mulkin Nazi an tilasta masa barin Poland kuma ya ba da kide-kide a Netherlands, Ingila, Portugal, Amurka, da Kudancin Amirka. Komawa zuwa mahaifarsa a 1947, artist ya jagoranci Polish Radio Grand Symphony Orchestra a Katowice, wanda ya koyar a Warsaw Conservatory, ya yi aiki da yawa tare da masu son kida kungiyoyin, da kuma shiga da yawa jama'a himma. An ba Fitelberg lambar yabo mafi girma da kyaututtuka na Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Poland.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek